国际贸易实务第七单元 Packing

1、国际贸易实务双语教程国际贸易实务双语教程 (INTERNATIONAL Business (INTERNATIONAL Business Practice)Practice) Review What are the measuring units usually used in our country? Methods of Calculating Weight Exercises Chapter 7 Packing Weight（重量）（重量） Number（个数）（个数） Measuring Units Length（长度）（长度） Area（面积）（面积） Volume（体积）（体积）

2、Capacity（容积）（容积） Package（包件）（包件） 1Weight Calculation（重量的计算）（重量的计算） 1) By Gross Weight（按毛量）（按毛量） 2) By Net Weight（按净重）（按净重） 3) Conditioned Weight（公量）（公量） 4) Theoretical Weight（理论重量）（理论重量） 5) Legal Weight（法定重量）（法定重量） 2More or Less Clause（溢短装条款）（溢短装条款） Chapter 7 Packing Contents of this Chapter Functio

3、n of Packing Kinds of Packing Marking of Package Packing, in business practice, is one of the most important problems that confront the merchants engaged in foreign trade. It needs more care in export trade than domestic trade. The real art of packing is to get the contents into nice, compact shape

4、that will stay in perfect condition with nothing missing during the roughest journey. Introduction Section One The function of Packing 3 Practical suggestions for packing methods P133 1 Problems in Transport? P131 2 Purpose of Packing? P132 1 Problems in Transport 2 Purpose of Packing 3 Practical su

5、ggestions for packing methods Section Two Kinds/types of Packing The kinds of cargoes are various in international trade, from the view point of whether they need packing, they fall into three kinds: Nude Cargo （裸装货）（裸装货） Bulk Cargo （散装货）（散装货） Packed Cargo （包装货）（包装货） Nude cargoes or nude packed comm

6、odities refer to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable and to be shipped without any packages or in simple bundles. They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become single pieces of their own. They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing, suc

7、h as steel products, lead ingot, timber, rubber, automobile, etc. Nude Cargo 2) Cargo in Bulk/Bulk Cargo Cargo in bulk refer to those goods which are shipped or even sold without packages on the conveyance in bulk, such as oil, ore, grain, coal, etc. Bulk shipment is usually applicable for large qua

8、ntity of commodities that are to be shipped by means of transport with special purposed shipping equipment. Bulk shipment has the advantages of space saving, quick handling and lower freight. Packed Cargo Most of commodities in international trade need certain degree of packing during the shipping,

9、storing and sales process. Packed cargoes refer to those which need shipping packing, marketing packing or both. Packing Containers BarrelBarrel Packing Containers Packing Containers Packing Containers Packing Containers Packing Containers Packing Containers Packing Containers Transport/Shipping Pac

10、king and Sales /Marketing Packing（运输包装和销售包装（运输包装和销售包装 ） 1) Transport/shipping (outer packing)（运输包装）（运输包装） 2) Sales/Marketing Packing（销售包装）（销售包装） 3) Neutral Packing (中性包装中性包装) The two kinds of shipping packing (1) Single piece packing（单件运输包装）（单件运输包装）P137 (2) Collective packing（集合运输包装）（集合运输包装） P137 Th

11、e cargoes are packed as a single unit, i.e., a measuring unit, in the transportation process. Single piece packing can be sub-divided into the following two kinds: According to style: cases, drums, bags, bales, bundles, etc. According to material: cartons, wooden cases, iron drums, wooden casks, pla

12、stic casks, paper bags, gunny bags, plastic bags, etc. (1) Single piece packing（单件运输包装）（单件运输包装）P137 Collective packing is also called group shipping packing by which a certain number of single pieces are grouped together to form a big packing or are packed in a big container. Collective packing can

13、be classified into: (2) Collective packing（集合运输包装）（集合运输包装） P137 Flexible container（集装包和集装袋）（集装包和集装袋） Container（集装箱）（集装箱） Pallet（托盘）（托盘） P 137-138 Brands designated by the buyer refers to the packing that the goods should be packed according to the trade marks and brands by the buyer. As to the goods

14、 to be ordered regularly in large quantities for a long time by foreign customers, in order to expand sales, we can accept trade marks designated by buyers with indicating the mark of the manufacturing country, that is, the neutral packing with brands designated by the buyers. Sometimes we may accep

15、t trade marks or brands designated by buyers from foreign countries, but under the trade marks and brands, we indicate “Made in the Peoples Republic of China” or “ Made in China”. In some other cases, we may accept the designated trade marks or brands and at the same time, under the trade marks or b

16、rands we indicate that the goods are made by a factory in the buyers country, i.e., trade marks or brands and origins designated by the buyers. Section Three Marking of Package 包装标志包装标志 Classification of Marking Package 包装标志的分类包装标志的分类 When talking about transport packing, the packing mark (or markin

17、g of package) of course has to be referred to. Packing mark or recognition mark refers to different diagrams, words and figures which are written, printed, or brushed on the outside of the shipping packing in order that it is easy and convenient for goods loading, unloading, store, inspection and di

18、scharge. Package should not be marked with crayons, tags or card. The best method of marking is to stencil the marks on the outside of the package. Some exporters paint the marks with a brush and indelibleink. All in all, mark should be permanent and easily read at a glance. According to the uses of

19、 the packing mark, it According to the uses of the packing mark, it can be divided into can be divided into 1) Shipping Marks（运输标志）（运输标志） 2) Indicative Marks（指示性标志）（指示性标志） 3) Warning Marks（警告性标志）（警告性标志） 4) Supplementary (or Additional )Marks（附加标志）（附加标志） Shipping marks are marks of simple designs, so

20、me letters, numbers and simple words on packages, often stenciled, that serve as identification of the consignment to which they belong. It is one of the most important elements which are agreed on by the exporter and the importer in a sales contract. The shipping mark consists of 1) Shipping Marks（

21、运输标志）（运输标志） Name or code of destination; Code of consignee or consignor; Piece number, serial number, contract number or license number. Simple shipping marks are generally made up of four parts: (1) Consignees code (2) Consignors code (3) Name or code of Destination (4) Package number/piece number

22、We usually make use of the simple, noticeable design, remarkable diagrams and simple words on the packages to remain the relative workers of the items for attention when they load, unload, carry and store the goods, such as: HANDLE WITH CARE, THIS SIDE UP (See Fig.7-3), etc. Printed in black color g

23、enerally. 2) Indicative Marks（指示性标志）（指示性标志） P143 The warning mark is also called dangerous cargo mark or shipping mark for dangerous commodities, which is brushed/printed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive or radioactive goods, so as to

24、 give warnings to the workers/dockers/crew. 3) Warning Marks（警告性标志）（警告性标志） Warning marks are usually made up of simple geometrical diagrams, word descriptions and particular pictures, as to which, every country usually has its own stipulation. P 144 Supplementary marks are any official marks require

25、d by authorities. Some countries require the country of origin to be marked on every package, and weight and dimensions may also be required. 4) Supplementary (or Additional )Marks（附加标志）（附加标志） Packing terms in the contract are extremely important for the exporter. They are often written in this way:

26、 “Goods must be packed in”. Sometimes the buyer may ask the exporter to pack the goods in his design. If his requirements can be met by you, you can accept his terms. Otherwise, try to persuade the buyer to adopt your own or traditional packing instead. Sometimes neutral packing is offered. - Stenci

27、l the marks on the two faces/sides (front and back side) on the outer package. Indicativ e mark Warning mark Shipping mark Original mark Package Mark 运输标志的构成 *目的地的名称或代号； * 收货人和发货人的代号； * 件号、批号、合同号或许可证号。 收货人收货人 目的港目的港 整批货物整批货物600件中件中 的第一件的第一件 合同号合同号 三角形的运输标志三角形的运输标志 整批货物总共整批货物总共600件件 常用指示性标志 滑动开门滑动开门

28、滑动开门滑动开门 推开推开 拉开拉开 SLIDE SLIDE PUSH PULL WATERPROOF THIS SIDE UP FRANGIBLE NO HOOKS 防潮防潮 此端朝上此端朝上 易碎品易碎品 禁用钩禁用钩 WARNING MARKS （警告性标志） 当心火灾当心火灾易燃物质易燃物质 当心火灾当心火灾氧化物氧化物 当心爆炸当心爆炸爆炸性物质爆炸性物质 Exercises Fill in the blanks with what you have learned: 1、包装标志包括（、包装标志包括（ ）。）。 2、运输包装的主要作用在于（、运输包装的主要作用在于（ ）,防止在储存

29、、运输和装防止在储存、运输和装 卸过程中发生货损货差。卸过程中发生货损货差。 3、国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种、国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种:一种是用美国一种是用美国,加加 拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制,其使用的物品标识符号为其使用的物品标识符号为 （ ）码）码;另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制,其使用其使用 的物品标识符号为（的物品标识符号为（ ）码）码. 4、中性包装包括（、中性包装包括（ ）和（）和（ ）. 5、运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为（、运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为（ ）、（）、（ ）和（）和（ ）.

30、6、联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国、联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国 推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容: （ ）、（）、（ ）、（）、（ ）、）、 和（和（ ）. True or False 1.1.国际贸易中国际贸易中, ,如一方违反合同的包装条款如一方违反合同的包装条款, ,另一方只能提出损害赔偿另一方只能提出损害赔偿, , 但无权拒收货物但无权拒收货物. ( ) . ( ) 2.2.销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品, ,以防在储运过程中发生货损货以防在储运过程中发生货损货 差差. ( ) . ( )

31、 3.3.包装标识包括运输标志包装标识包括运输标志, ,指示性标志和警告性标志指示性标志和警告性标志, ,在买卖合同及有在买卖合同及有 关运输单据中关运输单据中, ,对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定. ( ) . ( ) 4.4.中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒. ( ) . ( ) 5.5.运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的唛头（运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的唛头（ ） 6.6.我国从日本进口货物，如按我国从日本进口货物，如按 FOB FOB 条件成交，需由

32、我方派船到日本条件成交，需由我方派船到日本 口岸接货；如按口岸接货；如按 CIF CIF 条件成交，则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国条件成交，则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国 港口，可见，我方按港口，可见，我方按 FOB FOB 进口承担的货物运输风险，比按进口承担的货物运输风险，比按 CIF CIF 进进 口承担的风险大。（口承担的风险大。（ ） 7.7.买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志、指示性标志、警告性标志。买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志、指示性标志、警告性标志。 （ ） Case Study One Chinese export company exported some goods t

33、o Canada, valued at $800 000. The contract stated that it should be packed in plastic bags, marks with English and French on each item. But the Chinese company used other packaging instead in the actual delivery, and still used only English marks. The foreign merchant, in order to adapt to the requi

34、rements of the local market and sales, hired people to change the packing and shipping marks. Then he asked for claim against the Chinese company. The Chinese company recognized something wrong, so compensated the customer. Question: Try to analyse the case. Answer At present, many countries made re

35、gulations about packaging and labeling for commodities sold in the market and the imported goods must conform to the regulations, or else they will be prohibited for import or sale in the market. Label is a sign which is attached on the goods or packaging referring to the country, manufacturer, name

36、 of goods, goods components, quality characteristics, use method, etc. In making the sales package label, we should pay attention to the relevant state regulations for the administration of the label. Some developed countries often avail of these regulations as means of import restrictions which sho

37、uld cause enough attention. For example, in the European Union, there has a series of merchandise; basic content is commodity itself or packaging must with correct tags that can be fully read, and understandable. From this perspective, the seller failed to strictly, according to contract, perform pr

38、escribed packing conditions which shall be deemed to be the obligation to a breach of contract. Our company has two faults, one is changing packaging materials, although the quality of goods itself is not affected; the another fault is that the mark is not stipulated according to the contract, due t

39、o the products belonging to the French area, the filling is often in French. Anyhow, in order to successfully export, we must understand and adapt to the special requirements of different state regulations, in order to reduce unnecessary trouble An Australian company dealt with us in cotton for many

40、 years. One day they sent us a coat, saying that the coat was a sample made by a garment factory with our dyeing cloth under our export contract. It was said that the two sleeves of the sample coat had obvious difference, proving that the supply quality color of our end was bad and couldnt be used.

41、They requested to return all the garments sewn and make another delivery of the same quality and quantity as being stipulated in the contract. Question: So, how should we reply? Why? Answer We have nothing to do with the case and shall refuse compensation. Reasons are: (1) The contractor has deliver

42、ed the cotton to the clothes vendors and that means an acceptance of our goods. Whoever has accepted the goods, the buyer has lost the right of return and requirements of the replacement goods. (2) Article 82 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts of the International Sales of Goods stipulate

43、s: if the buyer can not return the goods that is according to the actual receipt, he lost the right of return and requirements of the replacement goods. British Moore Company with the condition of CIF, bought from LanTuo company 300 cases of canned fruit in Australia. The contract with a provision reads: “Packed in carton,