Towards a Low Carbon Economy

1、China BCSD April 15, 2009 W orl d Busi ness C ounci l for Sustainable D evelopm ent Towards a Low Carbon Economy Bjrn Stigson, WBCSD President Workshop on New Trends of Sustainable Development China BCSD April 15, 2009 Beijing 1 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Society EconomyEnvironment Transition to a Lo

2、w Carbon Economy 2 China BCSD April 15, 2009 The Future Society: A Growth Story 2008 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. World Population (in Billions): 1950-2050 3 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Development: The Poverty C

3、hallenge 4 Income poverty: Over 2 billion people live on less than $2/day Energy poverty: 1.6 billion people today without access to electricity Mobility poverty: 900 million people without access to transport Water poverty: 1.8 million deaths per year due to lack of sanitation, poor hygiene and uns

4、afe drinking water. Sanitation poverty: 2.5 billion people without access to hygienic sanitation Millennium Development Goals China BCSD April 15, 2009 The Future Society: Shifting Fortunes % Share of GDP From The Economist print edition. “Wrestling for influence.” July 3rd 2008. Emerging Economies

5、more than half of Global GDP 5 China BCSD April 15, 2009 The Future Society: Urban 6 47% urban 60% urban 3.2 3.3 2.9 5.0 197020002030 (Billions of inhabitants) 36% urban 1.3 2.4 urban rural 70% urban 2.8 6.4 2050 Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision China BCSD Apri

6、l 15, 2009 Mindsets Priorities Equity Shared vision Values Society EconomyEnvironment 7 Transition to a Low Carbon Economy China BCSD April 15, 2009 Increased focus on Low Carbon Economy (LCE): LCE has become a key strategic & management imperative both for governments & business Push for resource e

7、fficient & creation of green jobs Public awareness of LCE challenges growing and increasingly influencing consumption & lifestyles Growing demands for information of products and company footprints Shifting Mindsets & Values 8 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Geography Local Regional National Global Soluti

8、ons Markets Regulations Infrastructure Technology Institutions Financing Mindsets Priorities Equity Shared vision Values Society EconomyEnvironment 9 Transition to a Low Carbon Economy China BCSD April 15, 2009 A shift from G8 to G20 in global governance MEM Major Economies Forum on Energy & Climate

9、 - 17 countries G2 - A new relation and potential cooperation between US and China? Changes in Global Governance 10 China BCSD April 15, 2009 WBCSD Work Program 11 - Water - Energy Efficiency in Buildings - Forest Products - Cement - Electricity Utilities - Tires - Maritime - Mobility - Mining - Che

10、micals - Eco Patent Commons - Urban Infrastructure Projects Focus Areas Initiatives China BCSD April 15, 2009 Vision: “Living well, within the limits of one planet” Human Development Index (HDI) Ecological Footprint (Global Hectares per Person) Source: WWF / GFN / UNDP 12 China BCSD April 15, 2009 I

11、EAs World Energy Outlook 2008 Current energy trends are patently unsustainable socially, environmentally, economically. To avoid “abrupt and irreversible” climate change we need a major decarbonization of the worlds energy system. 13 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Global emissions scenarios 14 Source: IE

12、A. ETP 2008 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Low price of energy due electricity and fuel subsidies Absence of performance standards or lack of regulatory incentives Lack of environmental awareness Lack of information about: Potential savings Options Expected life cycle cost Fragmented value chains and lac

13、k of cooperation between parties involved Barriers to energy efficiency China BCSD April 15, 2009 Example: Energy Efficiency in Buildings Project Vision: “A world where buildings consume zero net energy” Core group consists of 14 companies Energy Efficiency in Buildings Facts & Trends: Business real

14、ities and opportunities (2008) Synthesis of data set reflecting more than two-thirds of world energy demand in the building sector Upcoming report (April 2009) Recommendations based on detailed analysis and modeling An EEB Manifesto to mobilize all WBCSD members for EEB actions Launching upcoming re

15、port in Beijing on April 29th China BCSD April 15, 2009 Example: Energy Efficiency in Buildings Project Fragmentation in design and delivery acts as a barrier 17 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Business provides solutions through: Enhancing delivery of existing technology Developing the new breakthrough t

16、echnologies needed Technology: A two track process 18 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Existing technology Technology deployment Key for energy efficiency and short/medium term emission reductions Technology transfer to developing countries Lack of understanding of how technology diffusion happens Lack of

17、capacity/capability to absorb technology Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) an issue? China BCSD April 15, 2009 New technology Technology development Need for huge increase of R&D funding to achieve technical breakthroughs for key technologies CCS Next generation of nuclear Renewables This will req

18、uire a new public-private partnership Technology acceptance? Nuclear Big hydro Biofuels China BCSD April 15, 2009 Launched Power to Change: A business contribution to a low-carbon electricity future at COP 14 in Poznan Outlines a roadmap of sector specific national and international policy recommend

19、ations to address climate change. Completed international policy roundtable dialogues in South Africa, China and Japan. A final dialogue will take place in the US in April. Example: Electricity Utilities Project 21 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Key objective: Establish a price for carbon A global carbon

20、 market? Cap & trade established in the EU and debated in US, Japan & Australia How to link national carbon markets? 22 Carbon markets China BCSD April 15, 2009 Major opportunity for companies to provide systems solutions, products, and services for “smart” and resource efficient infrastructure: Bui

21、ldings Transport Energy Water Communications Waste Infrastructure 23 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Initiated in 2000, 18 leading cement companies Represent some 60% of global cement manufacturing outside of China However, 50% of global cement production is in China WBCSD aims to further engage the China

22、 Cement Industry Activities Global Energy Use and CO2 Emissions Database Collaboration with IEA on technology roadmap for cement sector Example: Cement Sustainability Initiative 24 China BCSD April 15, 2009 20% of global carbon emissions come from cutting down forests Workstreams The Forests Dialogu

23、e around forests & climate change Sustainable Procurement of wood and paper-based product Guides and website Sustainable Forest Finance Toolkit to help investors support the sustainable management of the worlds forest resources Full Guide and Resource kit in Chinese Example: Sustainable Forest Produ

24、cts Industry 25 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Example: WBCSD Water Project Working Group: Began in 1997, and today 60 companies involved from a wide range of industries Latest publication and tool: Water, Energy and Climate Change: A contribution from the business community Global Water Tool: Maps a com

25、panys water use and assesses water risks relative to global operations and supply chain 26 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Finance 85% of global investment flows come from the private sector Actions to increase financial flows to developing countries Reform of the Clean Development Mechanism Establishment

26、 of new financial mechanisms 27 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Towards a Low Carbon Economy: Key messages 28 WBCSD Low-carbon Economy report launched at Bonn UNFCCC Meeting in March 2009 See: China BCSD April 15, 2009 A Low Carbon Economy A transformational challenge for society A society t

27、hat emits 50% less GHG emissions by 2050 will look very different Major impacts on lifestyles, consumption patterns and infrastructures are likely The transformation will not be easy There will be winners and losers The current economic crisis and stimulus packages in the US and G20 represent an opp

28、ortunity for influencing the economy toward a low carbon future 29 China BCSD April 15, 2009 Transition to a Low Carbon Economy The transition will require Strong public-private partnerships between governments and business to coordinate innovation and implementation Public trust in national governments and business for acceptance of the transition 30 China BCSD April 15, 2009 T