人教版新目标英语高二下模块七UNIT 2：【被动语态】精讲精练高中高一高二高三英语学案英语导学案UNIT 1 2 3 4 5每单元完整学案

1、人教版新目标英语高二下模块七unit 2：【被动语态】精讲精练 被动语态（一） 常见用法1 在一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中，被动语态为be (am,is,are,was,were)+done the boy was asked to do his home work first. 2 动词不定式的被动语态构成为to be done whether this medicine will work remains to be seen. 3 含有情态动词的被动语态构成为 “情态动词+ be+ done”the project must be finished as soon as possibl

2、e. 4 过去分词做宾语补足语，与宾语形成被动关系，主要表现在役使结构中。 i had a tooth pulled out yesterday. 5.v-ing 形式的被动语态的构成为being done ,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，但不能单独作谓语，其完成式形式为having been done ,多在句中作状语。tom is looking forward to being taken to the great wall. the foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to being shown

3、 around our country. 6短语动词的被动语态 :短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：my sister will be taken care of by grandma. such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。7 表示据说或相信 的词组believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等it is said that据说it is reported that 据报道it

4、 is believed that大家相信it is hoped that大家希望it is well known that 众所周知 it is thought that大家认为it is suggested that据建议it is taken granted that 被视为当然it has been decided that 大家决定 it must be remember that 务必记住（二）不用于被动语态的几种常见情况： (1)所有的不及物动词和不及物动词短语都不能用于被动语态中。1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结

5、束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place,belong to 等没有无被动语态。例如： after the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。要想正确地使用被动语态，注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义

6、的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。this key just fits the lock. your story agrees with what had already been

7、 heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。3） 系动词无被动语态appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn,go it sounds good. 听上去不错。the fish smells good.4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。she dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。5） 当宾语是

8、不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：（对） she likes to swim. （错） to swim is liked by her.6)表示状态或归属的动词，如last, contain, have, own, belong to , 等不用于被动语态。 7)动词 cut, read, sell, wash, break, write, wear, spread 等后跟状语作修饰语，且说明主语本身所有的性质、特点。 this kind of cloth washes easily. these novels sell well. 8)want, require, need后的动名词用主动表

9、被动。 the window needs repairing. your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。the floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。9)be worth doing 结构中用主动表示被动。 the book is well worth reading. 10)be+ adj+ to do 结构中，若不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代替被动。this kind of water isnt fit to drink. english is easy to learn. （三） 主动形式表示被动意义 1）wash, clean,

10、cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。 the book sells well.这本书销路好。this knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：i was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。 much work remains. 还有许多活要干。3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主

11、动形式。these young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。this book is worth reading.4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让

12、别人理解你的话。5）系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等, your reason sounds reasonable. good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。6）一些与cant(不能)或wont(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,the door wont open.这门打不开。it cant move.它不能动。7）一些与well(很), ea

13、sily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等the book sells well.这种书很畅销。these clothes wash well.这些衣服很耐洗8）用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词 this material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了the dust has blown into the house.灰尘被风吹进了房子。9）不定不定式：作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最

14、常出现在“there+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+ 宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中 he has a family to support. give him some books to read. there is a lot of work to do.当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,there is so much work to do/to be done. give me the names of the people to contact/to be contacted.

15、“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的), cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice(令人愉快的), pleasant(愉快的)等that question is difficult to answer. chickens legs are nice to eat.10) 特殊结构“be + under +名词”结构:这种结构表示某事“在进行中”the building is under construction.

16、 the whole matter is under discussion (=is being discussed).这样用的名词还有repair, treatment, question(质问)“be worthy of +名词”在这一结构中,名词和句子的主语有被动含义a man worthy of support一个值得支持的人nothing worthy of praise没有值得称道的事情,此结构后通常用表示行为的名词,而不用动名词的被动形式（四） 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prep

17、ared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：he is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。he married a rich girl. he got married to a rich girl.1.it is said that plastics can be used to_many things .now people are used to _plastic products. a mak

18、e, using b making, using c making, use d make, use 2 the pupils here _all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks. a kept busying doing b keep on doing c have kept busy doing d have been kept busy doing 3 in some parts of the world ,tea _with milk and sugar. a is serving b is served c se

19、rves d served 4 the construction of the two new railway lines _by now. a has completed b have completed c have been completed d has been completed 5 the water _cool when i jumped into the pool for morning exercise . a was felt b is felt c felt d feels6 the moment the 28th olympic games _open, the wh

20、ole world cheered. a declared b have been declared c have declared d were declared 7 the children went home from the grammar school , their lessons _for the day. a finishing b finished c had finished d were finished 8 the flowers were so lovely that they _in no time . a sold b had been sold c were s

21、old d would sell 9 as the years passed, many occasions -birthdays ,awards, graduations -_with dads flowers. a are marked b were marked c have marked d had marked 10 the glass door have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _in the natural light during the day. a to let b letting c let

22、d having let 11 peter received a letter just now _his grandma would come to see him soon. a said b says c saying d to say 12 the country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft ,the most recent _at the end of last march. a has been launched b having been launched c being launched d to be launc

23、hed 参考答案1-12adbdc dbcb bcb* 语法强化训练被动语态1 it is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.a) designed b) has been designed c) will be designed d) will have been designed 2 we are late. i expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema. a) will already have started b) would already have started c)

24、shall have already started d) has already been started 3) she will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. a is taken b takesc will be takend has taken4) diamond _in brazil in 1971. a is found b has been found c was foundd had been found 5) “have you moved into the new flat?” “not yet. the room_.” a)

25、 has been painted b) is painted c) paints d) is being painted 6) my pictures _until next friday. a) wont develop b) arent developed c) dont develop d) won t be developed 7) tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. a) had been unemployed b) was unemployed c) has been unemployed d) has unemployed 8

26、) a great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. a) has been establish b) have been established c) have established d) had been established 9) ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. a) would be fined b) will be fined c) will being fined d) will ha

27、ve been fined 10) “_two tickets for the new play at the grand theatre on saturday. shall we go and see it together?” a they have been givenb i have been given c i am givend they have given to me 11) the subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee. a) is announced b) have been announced c) ar

28、e announced d) has been announced 12) i found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of davids room. a was b had c had been dis13)the goods _when we arrived at the airport. a were just unloading b were just been unloading chad just unloadedd were just being unloaded14) if one _by pride, he will rej

29、ect useful advice and friendly assistance. a) overcomes b) is overcome c) has been overcome d) overcome 15) most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past. a) was not b) were not c) were not being d) had not been 16) you ought to have put the milk in

30、 the refrigerator, now _sour. a) i smell b) it is smelt c) it smells d) it is smelling 17) after the race_, the celebration began. a) had been won b) is won c) will be won d)has been won 18) he was here for a little while, but i dont know where she _now. a) is b) was c) had been d) has been 18) the

31、young teacher has _ competent. a) been proved to be b) proved to be c) been proved d) proved being 19) pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in march 1930. a) discovered b) was discovered c) by discovery d) when discovered 20) to get a better view of the stage, _. a our

32、seats had to be changed b our seats were changed c we had to change our seats d our seats were changed by us 22) after synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. a) created b) has created c) has been created d) had been created 23) i think much attention _your pronunciation. a) must be p

33、aid to b) ought to be paid to c) must pay to d) should be paid to 24since 1970, millions of enthusiasts_vitamin c, which they believe can remedy the common cold. a) have taken b) have been taken c) have been taking d) have been taking 25) i dont remember _the chance to try this method. a) having bee

34、n given b) to have been given c) having given d) to have given 26) we could ask someone to do the work privately without it_. a) know b) be known c) being known d) to be known 27) the construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month. a) must be completed b) must have been completed c) will b

35、e completing d) will have been completing 28) they would tell how the african _on a ship to an american port. a) was brought b) could have been brought c) had been brought d) was to be brought 29) he does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to peter. a) is belonged to b) belonged c) belongs d)

36、is belonging 30) negotiation _again with moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. a) is to be opened b) is on the point of opening c) is going to open d) opens 31) the reason for all the changes being made _to us yet. a) has not explained b) has not been explained c) did not explained d) were not explained 32) experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the united states and europe well before 1900. a were conducting b were conducted c had been conducted d had conducted 33) when he turned the corner, he found hims