B4U7 Reading 课本

1、Unit 7, Level 4 Sun Tzu Sun Tzu was a Chinese military general who helped the King of Wu defeat the Chu state in 506 B.C. From this, Sun Tzu became known throughout the country as a wise and respected leader. Sun Tzus notable works: The art of War v Laying plans v Waging war v Strategic attacks v Di

2、sposition of the army v Forces v Weak points he who relies solely on peaceful measures shall perish. (Para.5) c. 穷兵黩武者终将自毙； 解甲无备者不可图存。 To subdue the enemy without fighting is the supreme excellence. (Para.6) a. 不战而屈人之兵，善 之善者也，故上兵伐谋。 The side that wins will be the side that has already won. (Para. 8)

3、 b. 胜兵先胜而后求战。 c a b Read and choose the main idea for each paragraph. (or: Identify the paragraphs with the following main ideas) v Sun Tzus words are still in wide applications today. v The right combination of strategy and tactics can lead to peace. v The application of Sun Tzus ideas to business

4、v The application of Sun Tzus ideas to psychology. v The Survival of Sun Tzus ideas over centuries v Peace can be aggressive and proactive. 1 3 5 7 9 10 Y or N or NG v The art of war is a book of tactics and strategy, written by Sun Tzu, who believed that fighting can be avoided if the army is stron

5、g enough. v The difference between strategy and tactics is whether the plan is put into practice or not; and strategy is the plan while tactics is the action. N Y 3. Sun Tzu despised only relying on warlike measures or peaceful measures to solve conflicts. 4. Applying Sun Tzus philosophy to business

6、, you can defeat your business competitors. 5. To maintain peace, you need to be passive. Y NG N Fill in the blanks vSun Tzus ideas can be applied to various areas, such as _, _, _ and psychology. vYale Universitys survey illustrated _ is essential to success no matter for an army, organization or a

7、n individual. vOnly through the right _, can we achieve the best outcome. vThe best battle is _. businesspolitics education vision combination of thinking and doing the battle that is won without being fought LanguageLanguage studystudy Vocabulary check: Replace the underlined expressions with the n

8、ew vocabulary. v He saw an opportunity in the market and exploit it. v The emperor went on a campaign to conquer the enemy. v There is no shortcut for learning English; you have to gradually build up your vocabulary. v A great part of his army died of hunger and disease. v An excellent learner can f

9、ind a positive approach to prevent potential problems. v The polices new strategic actions scared the drug dealers. v It was the most important moment in my life. a niche subdue accumulate perished from proactive tactics supreme New words and phrases vessay: piece of writing, usu. short and in prose

10、, on any one subject 文章; （尤指）短文, 小品文, 散文 vpaper: article or essay, esp one read to an audience of academics or specialists文章; （尤指）论文 vthesis: long written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation 毕业论文; 学位论文. vdissertation: long essay on a particular subject, esp one writt

11、en for a doctorate or similar degree; thesis;专题 论文；（尤指）博士学位之类的论文 vtreatise: long written work dealing systematically with one subject （专题）论文，专著 关于论文关于论文 transfer wipe out 消灭; 根除; 灭绝 v exterminate all the inhabitants of the village v exterminate rats to prevent the spread of disease vextermination n.

12、 vAll doors and windows are sealed for the extermination of mosquito. v为了消灭蚊子，所有的门窗都被封闭起来了。 exterminate perish vv. (fml) be destroyed; decay; die 毁灭, 腐烂, 死 亡 Flowers perish in frost. 花毁于霜冻。 数百人死于那次地震。 Hundreds of people perished in the earthquake. strategy come to a place or situation by chance or w

13、ithout intending to 到达（设法赶到，进入，流入 ），出现 e.g. He eventually found his way into acting. Though the ways of engaging in war have certainly changed since ancient times v To take part in a particular activity, esp. sth. that takes a lot of time or effort （使某人）参加某事或从事某事: v People actively engage in shaping

14、 the world they live in. v be engaged in politics / business 从政 做生意 * 2) To start having a conversation with someone加入谈话 v I tried to engage George in conversation. v Cf. engage with sb. / sth. Formal to make an effort to understand and deal with someone or sth. 理会，处理 v The PR manager was accused of

15、 failing to engage with problems of her staff. What the moment at which the plan is put into action vParaphrase: The difference between strategy and tactics is vput into action 使行动起来，付诸行动 vSimilar: put into effect / operation / practice This is not to say dealing with conflict is a passive undertaki

16、ng. vundertaking n. va task or project, esp one that is difficult or important 困难或复杂的任务，事业困难或复杂的任务，事业 ve.g. Starting a new business can be a risky undertaking. v(fml) an agreement or a promise to do sth. v + to do sth. / that ve.g. a government undertaking to spend more on education. v He gave her a

17、n undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year. vundertake v. take on; promise to do a particular thing着手做；接受着手做；接受;承诺；答应承诺；答应 According to Sun Tzu, the art of facing conflict lies primarily with strategy. vSun Tzu believes that one must use strategy and planning to solve problems and

18、 conflicts. vlie with 在于 e.g. The ultimate responsibility for the violence lies with the governments poor management. to subdue the enemy without fighting is the supreme excellence 1) defeat; control a person or a group, esp. by using force 征服, 制伏（某人/某物）; 击败 vTroops were called in to subdue the rebe

19、ls. vHe criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. vNapoleon subdued much of Europe. 2) calm or control your emotions 克制（情绪） vJulia had to subdue an urge to stroke (touch gently) his hair. vHe could not subdue the excitement. v conquer v. v To take control of land or people us

20、ing soldiers; defeat 征服 v I came. I saw. I conquered. -Caesar VENI VIDI VICI v (fig 比喻) gain the admiration, love, etc of (sb/sth) 赢得（某人某事物的赞誉 爱慕等: v She has conquered the hearts of many men, 她已使许多男子倾心. v (fig 比喻) overcome (an obstacle, emotion, etc) 克服（障碍 情绪等） e.g. The climbers later conquered five

21、 more peaks. The same philosophy applies to business. vapply to sth. / sb: have an effect on or to concern a particular person, group, or situation 适用于；（与 某人/某物）有关; 有效 ve.g. This rule cannot be applied to every case. vapply for sth. : make a formal request申请 ve.g. apply for a job / post / passport /

22、 visa v sth (to sth) : put or spread sth (onto sth) 贴; 敷; 涂; 搽: ve.g. Apply the cream sparingly to your face. v oneself/sth (to sth/doing sth): concentrate ones thought and energy (on a task) 集中精力（做事）; 专心: ve.g. You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work). vcarve out st

23、h: to work hard in order to have a successful career, reputation 开拓事业，提高地位 ve.g. She has carved out a place for herself in the fashion world. ve.g. He succeeded in carving out career in the media. v against all odds: even though in difficulties, despite strong opposition or disadvantages 尽管极为不利或遭强烈反

24、对: ve.g. 她冲破重重困难, 实现了当芭蕾舞演员的梦想. vAgainst all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming a ballerina. carved out a niche where there was limited competition Actively using strategy and tactics may seem like an aggressive sort of peace. vaggressive likely to fight /argue with other people; offensive,

25、 quarrelsome 侵略的, 好攻击的, 好寻衅的, 好争吵的 e.g. Watching violence on TV makes some children more aggressive. Aggressive nations threaten world peace. vBut peace is not synonymous with so closely connected with sth. that the two things appear to be the same: e.g. Intelligence is not synonymous with success. maneuver/ manoeuver vNoun. A movement performed with care and skill细细 心的