腹部读片肾脏淋巴瘤课件

1、腹腹 部部 读读 片片 王莉教授王莉教授 边边 云云 男性，46岁，已婚，汉 患者2周前在当地体检发现左肾占位 患者自发病以来无尿频、尿急、尿痛、腰痛、发热等症状 无体重变化，大小便正常，睡眠良好 病史介绍病史介绍 ？ 病理描述和结果 镜检：瘤内为淋巴样细胞， 体积较小，核类圆，排 列密集，呈浸润性生长 （左侧）肾脏恶性淋巴瘤（ 弥漫大B细胞型） 原发淋巴瘤 肾脏淋巴瘤肾脏淋巴瘤 肾脏为结外淋巴瘤好发的部位之一 正常肾脏没有淋巴组织，有学者认为不存在肾脏原发淋巴瘤 有人认为来源于肾包囊的淋巴组织 慢性炎症刺激引起肾实质产生淋巴组织，继而演变为淋巴瘤 继发淋巴瘤 占淋巴瘤尸检病理的30%-60%

2、 占结外淋巴瘤3%-8% Yasunaga1等提出肾脏原发性淋巴瘤诊断标准 肾脏肿物经病理证实为淋巴瘤 就诊时无淋巴结以及内脏器官等淋巴瘤肾外侵犯 无白血病性血象以及骨髓抑制表现 肾脏淋巴瘤肾脏淋巴瘤 肾脏淋巴瘤分型 肾脏淋巴瘤肾脏淋巴瘤 多结节型 30-50% 单结节型 25-30% 腹膜后 浸润型 肾周型 少见 弥漫型 少见 肿瘤细胞浸润后再增殖 可形成单侧多个病灶或双侧病灶 可位于肾皮质、髓质 无包膜边界清，病灶呈圆形或类圆形，或融合状 无论结节大小，占位效应不显著 CT 平扫：等、低、稍高密度，有时无法显示多发病灶； 增强：皮髓交界期轻度强化-确定病变性质 实质期最佳时期-确定病变数目

3、、形态、边界、均匀度 MR T1WI：呈低信号、等信号或稍高信号; T2WI：呈等或低信号; 肿瘤信号相对均匀、坏死少见，无包膜; DWI：显著高信号（与水分子运动受限有关）; 增强：轻度强化 多结节型 30-50% 多结节型肾淋巴瘤多结节型肾淋巴瘤 多结节型肾淋巴瘤多结节型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 1. Large B-cell lymphoma in a 41-year-old HIV-positive man. (a) Unenhanced CT scan of the midabdomen shows a soft-tissue mass (arrowhead) in the regio

4、n of the great vessels, a fi nding that is suspicious for retroperitoneal adenopathy. The kidneys do not demonstrate any abnormality in contour. (b) Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the midabdomen shows bilateral soft-tissue renal masses (arrows). Note that these masses do not deform the contour of the

5、kidneys. The paraaortic retroperitoneal adenopathy (arrowhead) is much more clearly depicted than in a. Figure 2. High-grade B-cell lymphoma in a 38-year-old human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV)positive woman who presented with abdominal pain and distention. (a) Contrast materialenhanced CT scan of t

6、he midabdomen shows a very large soft-tissue mass (arrows) infi ltrating the mesentery and omentum and displacing the small bowel and colon. (b) Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows hypoenhancing soft-tissue masses (arrows) in both kidneys. Note also the retroperitoneal adenopathy (arrowhead). (c) Photom

7、icrograph of a specimen obtained at fi ne-needle aspiration biopsy shows hypercellularity with a uniform population of malignant lymphocytes. Numerous aptotic cells are also seen(200 HE) 多结节型肾淋巴瘤多结节型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 3. Magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys. (A) T1-weighted imaging reveals two slightl

8、y hypointense or isointense signal masses in the right kidney and one hypointense signal mass in the left kidney. (B) T2-weighted imaging reveals hypointense signal in the bilateral renal masses shown in (A). (C) Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging reveals poor enhancement of the bilateral renal m

9、asses shown in (A). 多结节型肾淋巴瘤多结节型肾淋巴瘤 肿瘤呈灶性增殖，一般形成单侧单发病灶 平扫：等、低、稍高密度，境界欠清； 增强：强化方式多样，可为富血管、中等血供、少血供; 位于肾包膜下孤立结节可沿包膜浸润，形成包膜尾征 单结节型 25-30% 单结节型肾淋巴瘤单结节型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 4. Large B-cell lymphoma in a 72-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer. Contrast-en- hanced CT scan of the kidneys shows a well-def

10、i ned expansile mass (arrow) in the left kidney. No other solid renal masses are seen, but the right psoas muscle (arrowhead) is enlarged. The diagnosis was established with US-guided percutaneous biopsy of the renal mass. 单结节型肾淋巴瘤单结节型肾淋巴瘤 腹膜后巨大软组织肿块侵犯附近肾脏，包绕肾门和肾血管 平扫：形态不规则，实变、坏死、囊变、出血少见； 肾脏病灶与腹膜后肿块

11、可分开也可融合； 增强：轻中度强化; 动态增强呈进行性延迟强化，肿瘤内依稀可分辨肾门，肾门血 管走形、形态正常 腹膜后 浸润型 腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 5. Low-grade B-cell lymphoma in a 60-year-old man. The patient underwent abdominal CT for necrotizing pancreatitis. (a) Venous phase contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a large soft-tissue mass (arrow) infi ltrat

12、ing the retroperitoneum, encasing the left renal vessels, and extending into the perinephric space. Note the fl uid collection (arrowhead) in the pancreatic bed, a fi nding that is consistent with the patients history of pancreatitis. (b) Excretory phase contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a pararenal m

13、ass (arrow) with soft-tissue attenuation. Note also the absence of hydronephrosis. Although pancreatitis commonly affects the perirenal and pararenal spaces, the soft-tissue attenuation of the mass in this case led to the correct diagnosis of lymphoma. The diagnosis was confi rmed with US-guided bio

14、psy 腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 6. Large B-cell lymphoma in a 52-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Contrast-enhanced CT scan shows bulky retroperitoneal adenopathy (black arrows). A soft-tissue mass (white arrow) is seen in the right renal sinus fat and the perinephric spac

15、e. Note the delayed enhancement of the right kidney. 腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤腹膜后浸润型肾淋巴瘤 肿瘤沿着肾周筋膜生长; 可侵犯或不侵犯肾脏皮质 CT 平扫：淋巴瘤主要位于肾脏周围，形成肿块或不规则软组织肿块，肾 脏被肿瘤“封入”； 增强：可侵犯或不侵犯肾脏皮质，增强有助于鉴别两者关系 肾周型 少见 肾周型肾淋巴瘤肾周型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 7. Perinephric disease in a 66-year-old man with an incidental fi nding of a left renal mass. (a) Unen

16、hanced CT scan shows marked enlargement of the left kidney (arrows). Left paraaortic lymph nodes (arrowhead) are seen encasing the left renal vein. (b) Corticomedullary phase contrast-enhanced CT scan shows a large hypovascular mass (arrows) located primarily in the perinephric space. The mass appea

17、rs to invade the left renal parenchyma. (c) Photomicrograph of a specimen obtained at core biopsy shows numerous lymphocytes with focal nuclear crush artifact infi ltrating dense fi brous tissue (arrow) (100; HE). Note that there is no signifi cant enhancement delay in the left renal parenchyma rela

18、tive to the right kidney. Arrowhead indicates paraaortic lymph nodes encasing the left renal vein. 肾周型肾淋巴瘤肾周型肾淋巴瘤 Figure 8. B-cell lymphoma in a 62-year-old man with a history of follicular lymphoma. Routine follow-up CT was performed. (a) Portal venous phase contrast- enhanced CT scan shows a mildl

19、y enhancing mass (arrow) in the right anterior pararenal space. The mass represented a new fi nding. (b) Portal venous phase contrast-enhanced CT scan shows stranding in the mesenteric fat (arrows), a fi nding that suggests a “misty mesentery.” This fi nding was also new. US-guided biopsy of the per

20、irenal mass demonstrated aggressive B-cell lymphoma. 肾周型肾淋巴瘤肾周型肾淋巴瘤 CT 平扫：肾脏体积弥漫性增大，但形态正常，密度减低； 增强：轻中度不均匀强化 弥漫型 肿瘤细胞沿着沿着肾脏间质组织支架呈浸润性生长; 肾脏体积增大但形态正常; 弥漫型肾淋巴瘤弥漫型肾淋巴瘤 MR T1WI：呈低信号、等信号或稍高信号; T2WI：呈等或低信号; 增强：增强早期肾皮质相对正常，肾皮髓交界相延迟，后期皮髓交界 相消失，肾脏轮廓增大 Figure 9. Primary renal lymphoma in a 41-year-old HIV-posi

21、tive man who presented with renal failure. Nephrographic phase contrast-enhanced CT scan of the kidneys shows bilateral renal enlargement. Heterogeneously decreased enhancement of the renal parenchyma is also seen. The diagnosis of Burkitt-like lymphoma was established with renal biopsy. 弥漫型肾淋巴瘤弥漫型肾

22、淋巴瘤 Figure 10. Infiltrative renal lymphoma in a 44-year-old woman. Cont|rast- enhanced CT scan shows the kidneys as diffusely enlarged and replaced by tumor.The lobulated appearance of the tumor reflects the transition to a more focal expansile mass as it compresses and destroys renal parenchyma. 弥漫型肾淋巴瘤弥漫型肾淋巴瘤 影像学诊断难点 与肾脏其它疾病表现有重叠性，出现“四象”和“四不像”的特征 介于良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤、肿瘤样病变、炎症