计算机介绍英文版.

1、Teacher: bai yan E-mail: 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers 2 Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term computer and identify its components Explain why a computer is a powerful tool Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and

2、the World Wide Web Distinguish between installing and running a program Identify the types of software Describe the categories of computers Determine how the elements of an information system interact Identify the types of computer users Discuss various computer applications in society Next 3 A Worl

3、d of Computers What is computer literacy? p. 5 Fig. 1-1 Next Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses Computers are everywhere 4 How is a computer defined? What Is a Computer? p. 6 Produces and stores results Next Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in

4、 its own memory Processes data into Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Accepts Raw facts, figures, and symbols 5 What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next Input Process Output Storage Communication 6 The Components of a Computer What is an input dev

5、ice? p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Hardware used to enter data and instructions Next 7 The Components of a Computer What is an output device? p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Hardware that conveys information to a us

6、er Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 8 The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data 9 The Components of a Compute

7、r What are two main components on the motherboard? p. 8 Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Next Temporary holding place for data and instructions 10 The Components of a Computer What is storage? p. 8 Physical material on which data, instructions, and infor

8、mation are stored Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Next Holds data, instructions, and information for future use 11 The Components of a Computer What is storage media? p. 8 Digital cameras Handheld computers Portable, thin memory cards used in: Next 12 The Components of a Com

9、puter What is a floppy disk? p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell A USB flash drive is portable, and has much greater storage capacity 13 The Components of a Computer What is a flash drive? p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next Provides much greater storage capacity than a f

10、loppy disk or Zip disk Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket 14 The Components of a Computer What is a flash drive? Next ProductCapacity (MB)Interface* Thumbdrive Touch () 8/16/32/64/128/256/512/ 1024 USB 1.1 Data Traveler 2.0 Hi-Speed (http:/) 128/256/512/1024U

11、SB 2.0 Handy Steno HT202 () 32/64/128/256/512/1024USB 2.0 Audio Steno BP300 () 64/128USB 1.1 * 1.1 = 12Mbps, 2.0 = 480Mbps 15 The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? p. 9 Fig. 1-6 Next Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive Housed inside the system uni

12、t 16 The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? p. 9 Fig. 1-7 Next Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD+RW 17 AccuracyCommunications Why Is a Computer So Powerful? p. 10 What makes a computer powerful? Storage Reliability and Consistency Next Speed 18 One type is a mod

13、em Networks and the Internet What is a network? p. 10 Enables a connection between computers Cables Cellular radio Telephone lines Satellites Next Communications Media Communications Device Collection of computers and devices connected together 19 To share Networks and the Internet What are the reas

14、ons to network? p. 10 Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data To save time and money Information Next 20 Networks and the Internet What is a server? p. 10 Fig. 1-8 Next Manages the resources on a network A client accesses the resources on the server 21 Networks and the Internet What is the

15、 Internet? p. 11 Fig. 1-9 Next Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1 22 Networks and the Internet p. 12 Fig. 1-10 Why do users access the Internet? Informa

16、tion Shopping Banking and Investing Classes Entertainment Next Communications 23 Networks and the Internet What is the Web? p. 13 A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages You can share information by creating Web p

17、ages or posting photos on a photo community Next Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet 24 Computer Software How do you install a software program? p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do Click to v

18、iew Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Computer Programs below Chapter 1 25 Computer Software What is system software? p. 15 is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software allow

19、 the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Next Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices 26 Computer Software What is application software? p. 16 Fig. 1-15 Next Presentation Graphics Spreadsheet Database

20、 Word Processing Programs that perform specific tasks for users Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 27 Computer Software What is a programmer? p. 17 Fig. 1-16 Next Someone who develops application or system sof

21、tware Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information Javascript program Resulting Internet application 28 Categories of Computers p. 18 Next Personal computers (desktop) Mobile computers and mobile devices Midrange servers Mainframe computers What are the categori

22、es of computers? Supercomputers 29 Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? p. 14 Fig. 1-14 Next Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information 30 Personal Computers What are the two most popula

23、r series of personal computers? p. 19 Figs. 1-181-19 Next Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) 31 Pe

24、rsonal Computers What is a desktop computer? p. 19 Fig. 1-18 Next Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table 32 Personal Computers What is a notebook computer? p. 20 Fig. 1-20 Next Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Generally more expensive

25、 than a desktop computer Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 1 33 Handheld Computers What is a tablet PC? p. 20 Fig. 1-21 Next Especially useful for taking notes Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write o

26、n the screen using a digital pen 34 Handheld Computers What are Web-enabled handheld computers? p. 21 Fig. 1-23 Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet Next Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone” 35 Handheld Computers What is a handheld computer? p. 21 Next Used by mobile employees such

27、as meter readers and delivery people Small enough to fit in your hand 36 Handheld Computers What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? p. 21 Fig. 1-23 Next Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad Click to view video 37 Servers What types of se

28、rvers are there? p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-251-27 Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications

29、 requiring complex mathematical calculations Next 38 Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? p. 24 Fig. 1-28 Next People Procedures Data Software Hardware 39 Examples of Computer Usage p. 25 Fig. 1-29 What are five categories of computer users? Next 40 Examples of Com

30、puter Usage What software is available for a home user? p. 26 Fig. 1-30 Next 41 Examples of Computer Usage p. 28 Fig. 1-33 Local area network (LAN) Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail Next What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? 42 Hardware Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? p. 29 Fig. 1-35 Software Productivity Presentation Personal information manager Next 43 Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? p.