优质WesternPhilosophy

1、Western PhilosophyAn cie nt GreeceSocrates - The only thing I know for certa in is that I know no thi ng.”Questi oningeveryth ing (Socraticmethod)Plato - Reas on/logic( mind overmatter ”，rationalismIdealism -society where people use their minds to work together to un dersta nd the worldAristotle - m

2、atter over mi nd ”Empirical evide nee - data (scie nee)Water (45C), freezi ng (-10C),becomes iceScientific method1. Hypothesis (idea)2. Experiment3. Observe4. Conclusion based on the results (Was the hypothesis right or wrong?)Science came from philosophyIn the West, people have used philosophy (and

3、 science) to understand the world/universe and how it worksEastern philosophy1. Older than Western philosophy2. Comes from oral tradition (from generation to generation)3. How to live your life (guidance/advice)Western philosophy1. Newer than Eastern philosophy2. Written (Ancient Greece)3. Trying to

4、 understand the world around them (observing and science)Ancient RomeChristianitySociety declined and spread out(Middle Ages/ Medieval period)People were less educated (less science and philosophy)Religious (Christianity)Christia n philosopher theologia nSt. Augusti ne-Plato (idealism)Christians bel

5、ieved in the spirit(mind) and the body/material worldSt. Thomas Aquinas Aristotle(believed you could prove that god existed using reason/logic)Renaissance ( “rebirth ”)More people rediscovered Ancient philosophy, art, scienceStudied people as a part of the natural worldScience divided into different

6、 fields (physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy)Mathematics (use mathematics with science)Rene Descartes(Rati on alism)similar Plato and St. Augustine “I think; therefore, I am. ”Father of modern Rationalism, also the father of modern Western philosophyAge of Enlightenment/Age of Reason (less religious)Immanuel Kant (combined parts of