高考英语 冠词考点透析素材

1、高考英语冠词考点透析在每年各省的高考英语试题中，冠词总是一个考点，常出现在单项选择题或短文改错题中，虽比分权重不多，但往往很多考生做起来感到困难，在英语学习时感到混淆不清。因此，笔者根据自己多年的教学体验总结如下用法，以期能对学生的学习有所帮助。一、定冠词的主要用法 1特指某人、某物，以区别于其他人、物例如： This is the head of our delegation.2用于谈话双方都明确的人、物前例如： Take the medicine after meals.3用于上文提到过的人、物前例如：There is a new book on the desk. Give me the

2、 book. 4用于世界上独一无二的事物前例如： the (sun, moon, earth, sky, world, globe, equator（赤道）, universe（宇宙）, atmosphere)5用于序数词前，表示顺序例如： the first one, the second one, etc.6用于形容词最高级前例如： Autumn is the best season here.7用于表示方位（东、西、南、北、中、左、右）的名词前例如：Tianjin is in the east of China.但 from east to west 之类的结构除外 8用于某些江、河、湖

3、、海、山川、海湾、沙漠前例如：the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Baltic (Sea)(波罗的海)，the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山), the Taiwan Straits, the Sahara（撒哈拉沙漠）9用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前，如国家、组织机构、某些报纸名例如： the Peoples Republic of China, the United Nations, the Times, the Peoples Daily10用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人，例如： the Browns 布朗一家11用于形容词前，表示一类人，例如

4、： the old, the poor12用于演奏的乐器、文娱艺术活动等名称前 例如：play (the piano, the violin, the flute, the cello),go to (the cinema, the theatre, the movies, the concert)13用于逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代例如： in the 1990s (二十世纪九十年代)14用于表示发明物的单数名词前例如： Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.15用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物例如： The

5、horse is a useful animal.16当用来指人体部位时，在介词之后通常用the 来代替物主代词例如： I had a cold in the head.(头部受了风) He became very red in the face. He was wounded in the leg. beat sb. on the nose/head, He took (lead, seize, catch) me by the arm (hair). be blind in the left (right) eye be deaf in the left (right) ear17用于某些

6、固定词组例如： in the morning (afternoon, evening, daytime) at the moment on the phone the whole day by the way in the end on the other hand 注：区别下列相对应的短语：on the whole (大体上) as a whole (就整个来看) in the city in townat the back of(in back of) 在后面 in front of (在前面) in the distance (在远处) at a distance of +数词（在多远处

7、）二、不定冠词的主要用法 1表示“一”这个数量概念，比one意思稍弱例如：The plan will be ready in a week or two.2表示某人或某物，但不具体说明哪个, 相当于any例如：This poem was written by a student.注：在1,2两项中，如果名词变复数，把a换成数词或不定代词some, any等即可。例如： The plan will be ready in three weeks.3表示某一类人或事物例如： Even a child can answer this question.注：句中名词变复数时，去掉不定冠词a/an即可。

8、4和表示时间或度量衡的名词连用表示“每日”、“每斤”等例如： I take a two-mile walk twice a day.5用于固定词组例如：have/take a shower have/take a bath take a walk give a lecturea lot of a couple of as a rule have a headache a few a little a bit6. 不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的季节, 日期前面例如：The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.7.

9、 用于某些序数词前面, 表示“又一个的；另外的”例如：a second a third Do it a second time.三、不用冠词的场合 1可数名词复数、不可数名词表示一类或泛指时例如：Teachers must love their students.Unity is strength.2专有名词（洲、国家、人名）前，一般不用冠词例如：Asia, Japan, Jim3球类、棋类等体育运动以及三餐前例如： play (volleyball, table tennis, chess, cards)have (breakfast, lunch, dinner)注：如特指某一餐，需加不定

10、冠词a/an例如：They had a wonderful dinner at that hotel last night.4学科、语言、（医学中）大部分疾病名、某些报刊名前例如：chemistry, English, High blood pressure, China Daily5季节、月份、星期、节日前，一般不加冠词，但有限定性定语修饰或表示一特定的时间时，就要加定冠词例如： School begins in September.We have few classes on Saturday.但：She came to Tianjin in the spring of 1998. Whe

11、re do you plan to spend the summer?6大多数学校、街道、公园、广场、桥梁、车站、机场等名称前例如：Tian An Men Square, Nanjing Road, Tianjin Railway Station7在描述交通方式时例如： by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot, etc.I go to school by bike every day.但take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus 等表示具体的交通工具时要用冠词 8系动词turn（变成）后面作表语的单数可

12、数名词前习惯不用冠词例如： The young worker has turned writer. =The young worker has become a writer.9称呼语或指家里雇用的nurse, cook 等名词前及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词例如： Whats this, mother?Ask nurse to put the child to bed.Lincoln was made president of the United States again.10As引导的让步状语从句，作表语的名词前不用冠词 例如：Child as sh

13、e is, she knows a lot of English.11(1) 在单数名词+after +同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词 例如： She did experiment after experiment. shop after shop, mistake after mistake, etc.(2) 当两个或两个以上的名词用and 连接时，如带有对比的含义或习惯上总在一起使用，常省去冠词例如： husband and wife, brother and sister, day and night, body and soul, knife and

14、fork12当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一名词时，第二个形容词前常不用the 例如： She is the tallest and fattest girl in our class.13No 与such 连用时，no 应放在such 之前，such 后的名词前不用冠词 例如： No such thing has ever happened in this village.14church, school, hospital, prison, university 等单数可数名词指机构（institution）时，其前常不用冠词；如果不指机构而指一座具体建筑（building），其前又常用冠词

15、。例如： They go to church every Sunday morning.（上教堂） The church was pulled down for a new and bigger one. She stayed in hospital for three weeks after the accident.(住院) He walked into the hospital through a side entrance.注：用法类似的词还有：bed, class, table, town 等。例如： The family were at table when he arrived.（在吃饭）