定语从句学案

1、 定语从句一定义 1.定语从句:修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。 2. 先行词 ：被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。 3关系代词：引导定语从句的词称为关系代词。二：关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。2.代表被修饰的先行词。3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。eg. This is the room which I lived in last year.先行词 关系代词 定语从句三：定语从句中有关系代词 who whom whose which that as 和关系副词 when where why 等引导定语从句。四;关系代词的用法1That:代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语，宾语和

2、表 语。A plane is a machine _（能飞的）He is the man -_(_很懂英语的)There are some films( that )Id like to see.He isnt the boy that he used to be.注意：that引导定语从句时：a.作宾语时that可省略。b.That前不可用介词。Eg; His dog ( that)I gave him became ill and dead.The room in which I live is large.2.which: 代表的先行词为物，在从句中做主语，宾语The film whic

3、h I saw last night was wonderful.This is the book_(我昨天买的)A dictionary is a book _(给出单词的意思的)Gui lin is a city _(有200年历史的)注意 : 1.作宾语时，which可以省略。2.Which 也可以代替前面的一个句子或句中的一部分 Eg. He said he was invited ,which was a lie.Tai Wan is part of china ,which we all know.3who; :代表的先行词为人，在从句中做主语和宾语。Where is the ma

4、n who was here?He _（不到长城的）is not a true manThe man _(参观我们学校) is our head master.Those _(想去博物馆的)must be at the gate by 7:50 am. That is the man_(_教我们英语的)He is the man _(我与之说话的)4whose; 代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做定语。I saw the man whose face is red. 代表的先行词为人，在从句中做定语.This is the window _(玻璃碎了的). I borrowed a book _

5、(它的作者是个农民)。Nobody wants the house _(房顶塌了的)This is the teacher _(她的名字已为人所知)5.whom: 代表的先行词为人，在从句中做宾语.Where is the man_(我今早晨见的)？The man_(你与之说话的) is a worker.She married the man (whom )she was engaged to.Mr. Smith ( whom )_(你昨天见到的)is a friend of mine.6. 关系代词that和 which的区别 只能用that的情况 (1) 如果先行词是all, much,

6、 anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：All the people _(出席的) burst into tears.Everything _(我们看到的) was interesting(2) 如果先行词被all ,little， none， any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,例如：I read all the books that you gave to me.(3

7、) 如果先等词被序数词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。 This is the first book_(用英语写的)(4) 如果先等词被最高级修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which。This is the best film _(我曾经看过的)The tallest tree _(我发现的) isthis(5) 如果先等词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰，关系代词常用that,不用whichThis is the only book that I really like.(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用

8、that。而不用who, which.例如： The boy and the dog _（在图画里的）are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools（他们参观的）(7)who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.Who is the person ?_(刚才站在这里的)Which of us_(懂英语的)doesnt know this?(8) 关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.It took us many years to make the city _（今天这样的）He is not the man

9、that he used to be.只能用which的情况 1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.Bei jing ,which is chinas capital, is rich in culture.2)those/that +名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。That pen which he took is mine.A

10、shop should keep those goods which sells well.3) 介词后只用which,whom 不能用that. This is the room in which he lived.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语， 不用that.例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5)先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.Whats t

11、hat which flasned in the sky just now?只用who,whom.而不用that的情况 (1) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those,ones等时，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which .that。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（2） 当先行词是指人的集合名词时，如果作这个名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 Mr Smith came to v

12、isit my family, who were watching TV then. Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting 五“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构“介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物Who is the comra

13、de with whom you shook hands?He works in a factory, in front of which there is a riverGive me the book the cover of which is red (the cover of which=whose cover)He is the man whose father is a teacher.=He is the man the father of whom is a teacher. (2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句（不常用）。例如： We st

14、ood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.六关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 1)when 表示

15、时间, 充当时间状语 when=on/ in/ of /at+which I still remember the day when I join the party I will never forget the day when I first came to bei jing但注意：1。I still remember the day _we spent together。 May 1 is the day _ I will never forget 2当先行词为 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,t

16、he last time 时，关系词不用when而用that.或省略This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.The first time I saw him was in 1980By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics但如果time前无修饰语,关系词用that when 均可 I will never forgt the time when(that) we met for the first time. 3. 当先行词为way 时，关系词用in whi

17、ch ,that, 或省略均可。This is the way that/ in which / 不加 he smiles.2) where:表示地点。做地点状语 where=in/at/on/during+which Do you knoe the street where he lives? This is the factory where we worked .但注意： This is the factory _we visited That is the house _ he lived in. The place_we had been to was far.The shop th

18、at /which we saw is beautiful.3)why 表示原因（先行词只有一个 reason），做原因状语。 Why= for which That is the reason why he was late定语从句1. All the students went home except _ who were having the meeting.A. ones B. them C. those D. the2. Is this the store _ sells all kinds of fresh flowers?A. which B. where C. in which D. the one3. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. whose D. what4. Everything _ I touched seemed to be full of life.A. that B. what C. all which D. all that5. Who produced all _ you eat and wear?A. which B. that C. what D. this6. They co