建筑环境与能源应用工程专业英语9精编版

1、 2 Topics What is heat pump? (the definition and working theory)1 Classification of heat pump systems 2 Typical heat pump systems flow sheet and their characters3 3 Work site pictures 4 4 3 5 Text and key words learning 3 heat pump reversing valve heating cycle cooling cycle indoor coil outdoor coil

2、 frost defrost energy efficiency ratio (EER) coefficient of performance (COP) heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) ambient temperatures air-source heat pump water-source heat pump ground-water heat pump geothermal closed-loop heat pump heat pump 热泵热泵 rev

3、ersing valve 四通换向阀四通换向阀 heating cycle 制热循环制热循环 cooling cycle 制冷循环制冷循环 indoor coil 室内盘管室内盘管 outdoor coil 室外盘管室外盘管 frost 霜霜 结霜结霜 defrost 除霜除霜 energy efficiency ratio (EER) 能效比能效比 coefficient of performance (COP) 性能系数性能系数 heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) 制热季节性能系数制热季节性能系数 seasonal energy effic

4、iency ratio (SEER) (制冷制冷)季节能效比季节能效比 ambient temperatures 室外气温室外气温 air-source heat pump 空气源热泵空气源热泵 water-source heat pump 水源热泵水源热泵 ground-water heat pump 地下水源热泵地下水源热泵 geothermal closed-loop heat pump 闭环地源闭环地源(或土壤源或土壤源)热泵热泵 Frequently used words and phrases 4 What is heat pump? A heat pump extracts he

5、at from a source and transfers it to a sink at a higher temperature. According to this definition, all pieces of refrigeration equipment, including air conditioners and chillers with refrigeration cycles, are heat pumps. In engineering, however, the term heat pump is generally reserved for equipment

6、 that heats for beneficial purposes, rather than that which removes heat for cooling only. Topic one: Heat pump-Definition 5 Topic one: Heat pump-working theory 6 Heating season T1 T2 T3 T4 Topic one: Heat pump-working theory 7 Cooling season Topic one: Heat pump-working theory T3 T4 T1 T2 8 Air sou

7、rce heat pump Water loop heat pump Ground source heat pump Topic Two: Classification of Heat pump systems Therefore: Open you mind,comprehend by analogy 9 Air source heat pump Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Air source heat pump Cool water Air 10 Benefits recovers heat from some zones and de

8、livered to others provides a simple method of zone control provides a high level of reliability for both heating and cooling modes reduces piping costs transfers actual maintenance and repair costs to building tenants Water loop heat pump T1 T2 T3 Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Water loop h

9、eat pump T4 11 Terminology The term ground-source heat pump (GSHP) is applied to a variety of systems that use the ground, groundwater, or surface water as a heat source and sink. Included under the general term are ground-coupled (GCHP), groundwater (GWHP), and surface water (SWHP) heat pumps. Many

10、 parallel terms exist (e.g., geothermal heat pumps (GHP), earth energy systems and ground-source (GS) systems) and are used to meet a variety of marketing or institutional needs. Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-source heat pump-Terminology 12 Ambient air EarthGrounder water Topic Thre

11、e: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-source heat pump-Advantages 13 Ground source heat pump Ground-Coupled Heat Pump Direct expansion GCHP Groundwater Heat Pump Surface Water Heat Pump Open-loop SWHP Closed-loop SWHP GCHPs with secondary solution loops Horizontal Vertical Topic Three: Typical heat p

12、ump systems -Ground-source heat pump-Classification 14 Vertical GCHP The advantages of the vertical GCHP is it (1) requires relatively small plots of ground, (2) is in contact with soil that varies very little in temperature and thermal properties, (3) requires the smallest amount of pipe and pumpin

13、g energy, and (4) can yield the most efficient GCHP system performance. The disadvantage is it is typically higher in cost because of expensive equipment needed to drill the borehole and the limited availability of contractors to perform such work. Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-sour

14、ce heat pump-Ground coupled (vertical) 15 Disadvantages include, in addition to larger ground area requirement, greater adverse variations in performance because (1) ground temperatures and thermal properties fluctuate with season, rainfall, and burial depth, (2) slightly higher pumping energy requi

15、rements, and (3) lower system efficiencies. Horizontal GCHP The advantages of horizontal GCHPs are that (1) they are typically less expensive than vertical GCHPs because relatively low cost installation equipment is widely available, (2) many residential applications have adequate ground area, and (

16、3) trained equipment operators are more widely available. Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-source heat pump-Ground coupled (Horizontal) 16 Advantages: 减少中间换热环节，提高效率减少中间换热环节，提高效率 管材耗量可以减少管材耗量可以减少 地下施工量相对减少，不需要防地下施工量相对减少，不需要防 冻剂冻剂 Disadvantages： 地下换热器成本较高，但同时减地下换热器成本较高，但同时减 少了二次换热管路少了二次换

17、热管路 制冷剂易泄漏制冷剂易泄漏 Direct expansion GCHP Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-source HP-Ground coupled (Direct expansion) 17 Groundwater Heat Pumps Disadvantages are that (1) local environmental regulations may be restrictive, (2) water availability may be limited, (3) fouling precautions ma

18、y be necessary if the wells are not properly developed or water quality is poor, and (4) pumping energy may be high if the system is poorly designed or draws from a deep aquifer. Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Ground-source heat pump-Groundwater heat pump The advantages of GWHPs under suita

19、ble conditions are (1) they cost less than GCHP equipment, (2) the space required for the water well is very compact, (3) water well contractors are widely available, and (4) the technology has been used for decades in some largest commercial systems. 18 Surface Water Heat Pump The advantages of SWH

20、Ps are (1) relatively low cost (compared to G C H P s ) d u e t o r e d u c e d excavation costs, (2) low pumping energy requirements, (3) low maintenance requirements, and (4) low operating cost. Disadvantages are (1) the possibility of coil damage in public lakes and (2) wide variation in water te

21、mperature with outdoor conditions if lakes are small and/or shallow. Such variation in water temperature would cause undesirable variations in efficiency and capacity, though not as severe as with air source heat pumps. Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Surface-water heat pump 19 Topic Three:

22、Typical heat pump systems -Surface water heat pump (open loop) Topic Three: Typical heat pump systems -Surface water heat pump (closed loop) 20 Heat balance Key problem Heat balance 21 1. A Brief History history of heat pump 2. The Efficiency of a Heat Pump EER COP 3. Types of Heat Pumps Air-source

23、Heat Pumps Water-source Heat Pumps Ground-water Heat pumps Closed-loop Heat Pumps Topic Five: Text learning and keywords 22 The basic principle of heat pump operation was first proposed by Nicholas Carnot in 1824 and then furthered by Lord Kelvin in 1852. 2. Rather than utilizing water as the heat s

24、ource, most manufactures put their energies into air-source heat pumps, because many designers were under the mistaken impression that ground water resources were limited. propose: 提出提出 提议提议 further: 促进（发展）促进（发展） 拓展拓展 put their energies into: 把精力投入到把精力投入到中去中去 be under the mistaken impression: 误解误解 T

25、opic Five: Text learning and keywords 23 3. One air-source heat pump manufactured during this period reversed air flow over the coils rather than reversing the flow of the refrigerant. reverse: 颠倒颠倒(流向流向) reversing valve: 换向阀换向阀 Topic Five: Text learning and keywords 4. In other words, when called u

26、pon for cooling, the indoor air was directed over the indoor coil; when called upon for heating, the indoor air was directed over the outdoor coil. call upon(on): 要求要求 号召号召 direct: 引导引导 指导指导 direct a letter to a place Can you direct me to the railway station? indoor coil: 室内盘管室内盘管 outdoor coil: 室外盘管

27、室外盘管 24 5. At the same time, air conditioning equipment was gaining in popularity and efficiency; 6. In an effort to equalize power loads, power companies began an active promotional campaign in support of heat pumps, in spite of the fact that the equipment was still not perfected. equalize: 补偿、平衡补偿

28、、平衡 power loads: 电力负荷电力负荷 active: 积极的积极的 promotional campaign:推广活动推广活动 促销活动促销活动 gain: 增加增加 获利获利 Topic Five: Text learning and keywords 25 7. The Arab oil embargo of the early 1970s finally brought home the message to the American people that alternative energy sources warranted serious consideration

29、. 8. Although research continues today in an effort to further improve efficiency, the general consensus is that the heat pumps being manufactured for todays market are a significant achievement. Arab oil embargo: 阿拉伯石油禁运阿拉伯石油禁运 weapon embargo towards China alternative energy sources: 替代能源替代能源 warrant: 保证保证 确保确保 further: 进一步地进一步地 consensus: 多数人的意见多数人的意见 舆论舆论 Topic Five: Text learning and keywords 26 9. The equipment is cost effective, reliable, and a viable alternative to conventional heating and cooling methods. cost effect