英文缩读和弱读规律表很好哦--.doc

1、Contractions 缩读美语节奏分明，轻重分明，这说到底就是该重读的时候重读，该弱读的时候弱读， 千万不能把时间平均分配个句子中的每一个词。美语中不仅会把该弱读的词弱读，甚至有时候会省略某些音，使说话和朗读更加自然流畅，这种现象称作缩读。不过要提出一点，缩读和吞音决不能等同。有的人在说英语的时候随意会吞掉一些音不发出来，导致别人根本不知道他在说什么。缩读是英美人习惯的发音方式，字有一套规则约束，决不能任意而为，所以丝毫不会影响理解也不会引起误解。注意：缩读往往被受过教育的美国人视作不规范的英语，所以正式场合不能用缩读。 但是在日常生活中，这些缩读又在大量应用， 所以我们不得不有所了解。

2、以下列出的是常用缩 读，希望大家细心体会其中的演变过程，会有助于全面理解英语发音的特点。美语缩读的具体情况请参看下表。Standard标准形式Contraction缩读形式Examples 例句Note补充说明andnYou me. I want some cream sugar.arereTheyre gone.are youyaWhat ya doing here?如果are you后面没有其他词语的时候不能缩读How are you成How ya?becausecauseI don eat chocolatecause I have bad teeth.could havecould a

3、You could a finished iit if he had hurried upshould haveshoulk acould not havecouldn aHe couldn done that to meshould not haveshouldn would not havewouldn acanc I c always make it.Can不能缩读comecmCm on!如果come处于句尾，则不能缩读did youdidjaHow didja make it?如果did you后面是以e或a开头的单词，则缩读成dj?，并直接与后面的元音 连读。Did you ask

4、her?=dj ask her?do youdyaHow yfeel now? How dylike the movie?does shedushiDushi like music?donknowdunnoI dunno what to say now.女口果 don know 后面没有其他词，则一般不缩读。forferHere a letter fer you.give megimmeGimme that bottle!going togonnaI am gonna give him a surprise. gonna 的用法是： be gonna do sth.got togottaI g

5、otta see him right now. gotta do sth.good-byegbyeI Iltalk to ya tomorrow. Gye!good nightgnighthad betterbetterHe better watch his mouth.have tohaftaI hafta hurry to office right now.has tohastahad tohaddaheIWho is ?如果he处于句首，则不用缩读。he/she hasheasHe s a house at the beach.herrThis isr husband.himimlmTe

6、ll Im the story.hisislsWhats favorite food? his处于句首，则不用缩读how doeshow/shauzHowhe like the present？in front ofin fronnaHe church is in fronna of the drugstore.Kind ofkindaIt kinda tough.-ing-in InWhere ya goin What ya doin now?is thatizatIzat your wife?leave melee meLeeme alone!let melem meLemme have

7、a look at it!oldol It an ol table.orDo you like ice creamcandy?ofa o It kinda tough.out ofouttaGet outta here!注意这里的t浊化，发音为 ouddaprobablyprob lyHeprob ly come for dinner.somesmWant sm food?suresherSher, I want some bread.还有惯用表达法 For sure!发成 For sher!themm/ mI hate m.totaYou better go to the doctor.注意

8、此时 t 应浊化，发成 da.want towannaI wanna go outside to get some fresh air.wanna 的用法是： wanna do sth.whatwudWud if we went outside for a walk?what are youwachya/wachawachya/wacha doin now wachya/wacha 不用在词尾what did youwudidya wudiyawudjaWudidya learn today?what do youwuddyaWuddya do for a living?what doeswh

9、atWhats he do for a living?what is thewhat aWhats a matter?youya y Catch ya later. Would ya like something to drink?Did y ever meet him before? y用在元音之前，例如 ybver 发成Weak Forms 弱读在英语中，与句重音相对应的出现的是非重读音节，它们一起构成了句子的高低起伏， 强弱交替的节奏模式，形成具有表意功能的连贯句子。这些非重读音节体现在单个单词中就 是常说的某些单音节的 弱读或非重读(unstressed syllable )。英语是节

10、奏感很强的语言， 要掌握好英语节奏，首先要熟悉强读式(strong forms)和弱读式(weak forms)，它对语言连贯、流畅性起着重要的作用。一、强读和弱读强读和弱读实际就是重读和弱读，一句话中至少有一个重要的音节要重读，其他音节 相应弱读。重读音节从音高和音强上应该big, stro ng, importa nt loudly,非重读音节(弱读)就应该是 weak or small or quiet 。强读和弱读通过一定形式在句子中体现，英语中有接近五十多个单音节词有两种读音 形式：弱读形式和强读形式。在连贯的语言中弱读形式的使用比强读形式更多，更重要。重 读或强读形式其实是单个单词

11、发音的基本形式，即音标中的读音形式，而弱读形式从音质上和强读形式比较起来短而轻；在前面学习中，我们知道短元音/?/和/i/常出现在非重读音节中，因此多数弱读形式体现也以/?/或/i/体现。二、弱读形式从上一单元可以知道，在英语句子中，实词一般要重读虚词弱读，其中有弱读形式的单 音节词根据不同类别可以分为以下几种：冠词、人称代词、be动词、助动词、情态动词、单音节介词、单音节、连词以及其他特 殊词。其弱读形式见表从表8-1中，我们对五十多个单音节词的弱读形式进行归纳，得出三个规律：1) 弱读形式以/?/为主，大部分的弱读形式都和/?/有关，极少部分与/i/和/u/有关，如a / ?/, some

12、 /s ?m/; who /hu,u/ my /mi/ 。2) 如果单词是发长音，其弱读形式一般变成相应短音，如：be /bi/been /bin/her /h 7 等。3)等。在语流很快时或者可以缩略的单词中,常常只出现辅音，女口 will/l/is 亿s/am /m/单词、弱读形式Weak forms and ExampleArticle冠a/?/a book, ina minu te,词an/? n,n/an hour, i nan hour,thef、.、/-、.、/e?辅音冃前/ ei/ 兀音冃y the book, the appleBe动词am/ ?m/m/What amI to

13、 do?is/z,s/Heat home.are/?/, /?r/兀音前What are you doing?be/bi/Don be late.bee n/bin/Youve been a long time.was/w?z/He was a rich man.were/w?/Whatwere you doing?助动词have/h ?v, ?v,v/Have you bee n to Shan ghai?has/h ?z,?z,z,s/The bus has gone.had/h?d,?d,d/The room had been reserved.do/du,d ?,d/What do y

14、ou want?does/d ?z,z,s/How does it work?情态动词will/l/Ill do it.would/w?d,?d,d /What would you like?should/?时/What should I say?could/k?d,kd / Iwish I could do something for you.must/m?st/He must go now.can/k ?n,kn/ What can 1 do to make up you?shall/?, ?I shall wait for you.短小连词that/e?t, et/This is the

15、 bestthat I can do.as/?z/as long as,do as I dobut/b?t/It sold but useful.and/?nd,nd?n,n / you and me, a cat and a dogtha n/e?n,en/It more than 1 want.such/s ?t? I never heard ofsuch thing.短小介词at/?t/at six, at schoolof/?v,v, 7a lot of mon ey, one of the bookoff/?f/take offto/t ?,u/Do you want to go?

16、I love to .for/f ?/Is this for you? for a long timefrom/fr ?m/She just come backfrom Italy.人称代词he/hi,i/ Whatdid he say? He told mea story.him/im/ I writehim a letter.his/iz/she/?/ What didshe say? She fineher/h ?, ?，/ I gaveher the book.me/mi/ You makemehappy.us/?s/They told us to go.you/ju/ Whatre

17、you doing? How do you do?your/j ?/,/j ?r/（兀音前them/e?m/,/em/,/m/ If I saw them,l tellthem that.we/wi/WWd like a drin k.who/hu/, /u/Whoare you?my/mi/ Do you knowmybrother?其他词some/s ?m/Would likesome drink?not/nt,n/I havent finish it.there1 e?J e?/（兀音前There is a book.or/?/two or threeso/s ?/ Thank youso much.many/mn i/ Howmany?有了这三个规律，对这些单音节词的弱读形式可以运用正确读音，连贯句子；但同时还需注意几个问题：1) he, her,his, have,has, had不带/h/的弱读形式不用在句首；2) has,does,is 弱读形式/s/用在清辅音的后面，/z/放在浊辅音或元音的后面，如：it s: /its/;3) the在元音前和在辅音前的读音不一样；4) there are you