高考英语定语从句及高考考点分析(1)完整版

1、 定语从句及相关术语定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称修饰一个名词或代词的从句称 为定语从句，为定语从句，(一般紧跟在它所修饰的先一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词后面。行词后面。) 2.关系词关系词:引导定语从句的关联词为关系词引导定语从句的关联词为关系词 关系词有关系词有关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词。 关系代词关系代词有有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；等； 关系副词关系副词有有where, when, why等。等。 定语从句分类定语从句分类 定语从句定语从句 The Restrictive Attributiv

2、e Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 一一.限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. I visited the school where I studied. The day came at last when I went to college. 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 1.从句的从句的位置位置: 2.从句的从句的翻译翻译: 3.从句的从句的构成构成： 先行词之后先

3、行词之后 “.的的” 关系词关系词 注意注意 事项事项 一）一）.关系代词和先行词的关系关系代词和先行词的关系 A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the machine = that the boy =who the boys =whose 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指 关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格

4、实际上是先行词的所有格 指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语 that which who whom whose 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略 定语定语 何时可何时可 以省略以省略？ 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法练习练习 1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. The eg

5、gs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. .He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm. 难用的难用的 whose The house is mine. The window of the house is broken. Join the following pair of sentences. The house whose

6、 window is broken is mine. whose=the houses window The house is mine. the window of which is broken of which the window is broken 二）、关系副词和先行词的关系二）、关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on th

7、e day =when in the house= where for the reasons =why 小注：关系副词小注：关系副词=介词先行词介词先行词 ? 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句 n1. when指时间，在从句中做时间状语指时间，在从句中做时间状语 n I still remember the day when/on which n I first came to the school. 2. where指地点，在从句中做地点状语指地点，在从句中做地点状语 n Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born. n3. w

8、hy指原因，在从句中做原因状语指原因，在从句中做原因状语 n Please tell me the reason why/for which you missed the plane. 关系副词关系副词= “介词介词+关系代词关系代词” 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 注意介词注意介词 的位置变的位置变 化！化！ 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系

9、代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 注意介词注意介词 的位置变的位置变 化！化！ 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 注意介

10、词注意介词 的位置变的位置变 化！化！ 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4 Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better . 下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提

11、前吗? 在固定短在固定短 语中语中介词介词 不能提前！不能提前！ 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7.

12、China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. on which for which from which about which through which under which of which 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习 注意：如何判断介词注意：如何判断介词 1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 3、根据介词与先行词搭配、根据介词与先行词搭配 eg.He gave me some r

13、eference books _ which I am not very familiar. with 二二.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 3、The town where I live is beautiful. 4、Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. 1、Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 2、Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 关系词关系词 限制性定限制性定 语从句语从句 修饰限定

14、修饰限定 不能不能可用可用 THAT 非限制性非限制性 定语从句定语从句 插入成分插入成分 补充解释补充解释 能能不可用不可用 THAT Please compar e: The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 限制性定语限制性定语 从句省略后从句省略后 主语所指就主语所指就 不明确，所不明确，所 以不能省略以不能省略 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 1.He failed in the exam._ made

15、 his parents angry. 2.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. 3.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers. This which whom them that Who/that? as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round which

16、/ as As as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected 定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 和和which一样可以代表前面的整个句子一样可以代表前面的整个句子 as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (1) This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost. Please compare: 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。

17、这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。 as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2) This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it. as that Please complete the following senten

18、ces and compare: as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句) 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句) 一、看先行词一、看先行词 二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分二、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分 三三.关系词的选择（重点）关系词的选择（重点） 1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl _I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child _ _parents are dead is called

19、 Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. ( ) 主语主语 who 宾语宾语 (that/who/whom) 定语定语 whose 宾语宾语 (that/which) 5. I like the person _ you just talked. ( ) 6. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. ( ) 7. We shall never the days _we lived together. ( ) 介宾 to whom 宾语 (that) 状语状语 when 三

20、三.关系词的选择（练习）关系词的选择（练习） e.g.8. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 9. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 三三.关

21、系词的选择（练习）关系词的选择（练习） 四四.难点分析难点分析 一）一）区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句 1 1定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从定语从句和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从 句补充说明先行词的具体内容句补充说明先行词的具体内容. . n2定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分，有定语从句的关系词在句中充当成分，有 时可省；同位语从句主要由时可省；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句引导，在句 中不做成分；也可由中不做成分；也可由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分等词引导，充当成分 3. 3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可用同

22、位语从句和先行词一般可用bebe动词发动词发 展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可 区分定语从句和同位语从句区分定语从句和同位语从句 (1) The news (that)he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficul

23、t to solve. 定语 同位语同位语 定语定语 同位语同位语 二）区分区分where引导的定语从句和状引导的定语从句和状 语从句语从句 Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，前面有被修饰的地点名词时， 是定语从句，否则是定语从句，否则是状语从句。 1.When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. 2.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 五

24、五.定语从句高考考点分析定语从句高考考点分析 （一）关系代词在从句中做主语时，（一）关系代词在从句中做主语时， 谓谓 语的单复数由先行词决定语的单复数由先行词决定 eg.1. The man who_ (live) downstairs speaks English fluently. 2.The students who _(be) in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3.He is one of the students who_ (have) finished the homework. 4. He is the only o

25、ne of the students Who_ (have)finished the homework. lives are have has 1.当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰修饰时时,如如: all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等 （二）只能用（二）只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况 2.当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时等修饰时 3.当人和物合做先行词时当

26、人和物合做先行词时 4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中 1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first

27、 thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth. that , which or who? that that that that that that that that 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 （三）只用（三）只用which 不用不用that的的情情 况况 在介词后面在介词后面 先行词是整个分句先

28、行词是整个分句 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. A zoo is a park in _many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. A. what B. which C. that D. it that , which ,whose, whom or who? 1.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ ma

29、de others upset. 2.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 3.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 4.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father. which which whom whose （四） 先行词是the way时 n(1)The way (in which/ that)he answered the question was surprising. n注意下面俩个句子的不同， n(1)The wa

30、y (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple. n(2) The way (that/in which)he explained it to us was not difficult to understand. 历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(1) 1Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course ,made the other unhappy.(2000) Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 2. -Is that the smal

31、l town you often refer to? -Right, just the one_you know I used to work for years. (FUJIAN05) A.that B.which C. where D.what 3.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_the sailing time was 226 days. (GX04) A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which 历届高考英语定语从句试题精选(2) 4._

32、is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.(JS04) A.Which B.When C.What D.As 5.He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 6.York,_last year,is a nice old city. A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D

33、.in which I visited D D B Correct the sentences: 1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget. _ (去掉去掉) which _ to the one Correct the sentences: 5. I st

34、ill remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend. in when _ that/which Correct the sentences: 8.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 9. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of

35、which sat a small boy. 10. We heard the news which our team won the game. 11. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. _ that _ that _ why it _ Correct the sentences: 12. That was the reason because she looked old. 13. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful En

36、glish lessons in our school. 14. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China. as _ _ _ gives why Correct the sentences: 15. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently. 16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going

37、around in the sky. 18. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us. that _ _ has As that _ _ Correct the sentences: 19.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 20. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. 21. Who is the worker who took some p

38、ictures of the factory. 22. The bike by which I travelled was his. as _ whose _ that _ on _ 定语从句高考点例析 Have a try 指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) y

39、ou bought yesterday. ( ) 主语 宾语 定语 宾语 Have a try 5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( ) 定语 介宾 宾语 状语

40、考点一：考点一：thatthat和和whichwhich 以下情况，引导词用以下情况，引导词用that，不用，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词everything，little， much，all，anything，nothing。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时， 用用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read. 考点一：考点一：th

41、at和和which 3. 先行词被先行词被the only，the very，the last 修修 饰时，用饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用先行词同时指人和指物时，用thatthat。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时， 需用需用thatthat。 e.g. A plane is a mac

42、hine that can fly. 考点二：连接词考点二：连接词which的用法的用法 Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也也 可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A

43、. what B. which C. that D. it B B 考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词 * “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、可用来限定名词、 代词、分数词、数词等。代词、分数词、数词等。 e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt

44、 been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which D D 关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定 1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms ab

45、out which Im sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. 关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定 4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行 词的一部分时，可用词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + + of + of + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom h

46、ave been to Beijing. 关系代词前的介词的确定关系代词前的介词的确定 5. Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“ of +关系代词关系代词”型，型， 如：如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. Can you work them out? Fill in t

47、he blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet? fo

48、r about on without 考点四考点四:关系副词的运用关系副词的运用 在限定性和非限定性从句中，在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时的先行词是时 间名词，间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定的先行词是地点名词，分别在定 语从句中做状语。语从句中做状语。 e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting mome

49、nt for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when B D 考点五：考点五：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以 互换，但下列情况多用互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与当与s

50、uchsuch或或the samethe same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you. Go on Please! 3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as， 反之则用反之则用which。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected. Go on please! 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动 词的被动语态，如词的被动语态，如be known，be said， be reported等，如从句中行为动词是等，如从句中行为动词是 主动语态，一般要用主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. Correct the sentences: 1. Im using the pen