非谓语动讲解及练习题

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词的概念 : 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词 . 它不受人称和数 的限制 .非谓语动词分为三种形式 : 不定式： to do动名词： v-ing 用做名词分词(现在分词 doing 和 过去分词 V-ed )(高考)考点一： 不定式1. 不定式的基本形式是 to 动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己 的宾语和状语， 但它没有人称与数的变化， 在句中也不能作谓语， 动词不定式和 自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。动词不定式的基本形式为： to+ 动词原形(不定式符号 to 有时可以省略)； 其否定形式为： not to+ 动词原形。如： Myfather aske

2、d menot to read in bed.2. 不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、 形容词和副词的作用， 它可以作 主语、宾语、宾补和状语。(1) 作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It + be+形谷词+ (for sb) +动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect environment.注: kind ，good，nice ，clever 等表示人的品质的形谷词后，不用 for 而用 of。Its very kind of you to help me.(2) 作宾语He wants to go out

3、with her.注:一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或 希望，如： would like ，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretendWould you like to see a film this evening当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。在 find ， think 后跟不定式作宾语时， 常用 it 代替， 而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day.(3) 作表语句型： 主语 + be + to do sth .女口

4、： My group s task is to find out the cost to go by train.(4) 作目的状语如： He opened the door for her to come in.I get up early to catch the first bus.(5) 作宾语补足语 不能 省略 to ：ask. tell . order . force. want. invite.teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如： Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.量调小点

5、。My mother asks me not to read in the bed.他打开门让她进来。我早起为了赶上首班车。expect . encourage . advise.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音我妈妈不让我在床上看书。三让，四看见。 )必须省略 to 的动词不定式(一感，二听，常见省略 to 的动词不定式的搭配有：如： My mother makes me help that old woman. 我妈妈让我帮助那位老妇人。I often see him run on the road. 我经常看到他在马路上跑步。常见不带 to 的句型有：（6） , 作后置定语如:The best

6、way to travel there is by train.知识拓展】不定式常和疑问词 what, which , when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从 句：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didnt know where to go. (where to go 道去哪里。=where he should go) 他不知疑问词 who, what, when, where,how,which或宾语等与动词不定式连用可用作主语When to go to Beijing has bee

7、n decided. 什么时候去北京已经定下来了。 （ 作 主语）I haven t decided yet when to leave.我还没决定什么时候离开。 （ 作宾语 ） “疑问词 +不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句如： Can you tell me where to buy the scarf =Can you tell me where I can buy the scarf你能告诉我从哪里能买到这条围巾吗考点二 动名词动名词由动词原形 -in g 构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质， 作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。动名词两种形式：动词+V-

8、ing和介词+V-ing1. 作主语 如： Eati n g too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语， 在许多情况下可以通用， 但动名词作主语多表 示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2. 后常接动名词的动词及动词词组finish ，enjoy ，practice ，imagine ，mind，keep，allow, consider , miss, avoid(避免),suggest , admit ,be worth ， have difficulty/problem/trouble/

9、fun(in) doing sth,stay up, bebusy,keep onwaste time doing sth；cant help/cant stop doing sth；be used to( 习惯于 )+doing sth 后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love ， like ， prefer ， begin ， start ， continue ， remember， try ， stop ， forget ， hate ， need， allow ， go on 等。 介词后接动名词，keep.from ， stop.from， make a contribut

10、ion to ， pay attention to,look forward to ， spend.(in)， be afraid of ， be proud of ， be fond of,be used for ， feel like ， give up ， be interested in ， put off 等。3. 当 need， require ， want 作“需要”解时， 后加动名词主动式等于不定式的 被动式。The window needs cleaning.=The wi ndow n eeds to be clea ned.4不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Sh

11、anghai is a good place to live in.I dont have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to worry about.考点三 分词分词的构成 :分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词由“动词 + ing ”构成。过去 分词的基本形式是“动词 + ed ”，但也有不规则的形式。注: 1,现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到 的”，主语一般是人 ,2，动词+ ing 可以作形容词来修饰名词 (a tiring film ) 女口： He is surprised

12、 to hear the news is surprising.一，有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别try to do 努力做try doing尝试做，现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别常见的动词如： see， watch ， notice ， hear， feel ， have 等，它们接不带 to 的不定式作宾补， 表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作； 接现在分词作宾补， 表示 动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。 （ “唱”这个动作正在进行 ）I heard him sing in the

13、classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。 ( “唱”这个动作已结束 )，现在分词与过去分词的区别 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 ,a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人 a moving film 一场感人的电影 ,the moved people 被感动的人们 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家 , the developed country 发达国家the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 , the ris

14、en sun升起来的太阳四，易混句式： have sth ， have sth. 和 have 的区别 have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let ，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作。且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 have sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词 （doing） 这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had their lights burning a

15、ll night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。 have意为“让某人做某事”，即 ask to do sth.过去分词（done）这个动作由他人 （即非主语本身 ）来完成含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。) doesnt like sports,so she has decided_ join the PE club.ttot to)2. Would you like_ the Wutong Mountain tomorrow If my mother _, I ll go with

16、 you.A. climbing; will allow; allows（ ） It s going to rain. Remembe_r_ an umbrella when you go to school. All right, Mom.A. taking B. bringing C. to take D. to bring（ ） little boy pretended _ when his mother came in.A sleeping B asleep C to asleep D to be asleep（ ） book is well worth plan_ one.Ato b

17、uy B buying C buy D buys（ ） 6. A British high school is going to allow students _ lessons in the afternoon.A .startB. starting C. to start to（ ）7.Im sorry, Mr. Hu. I_ my English exercise book at home.It doesn t matter. Please remember _ here this afternoon.A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. for

18、got; to take D. left; to bring（ ） 8. How kind you are! You always do what you can others.B. helping C. helpsD. to help（ ） 9. The show was so funny that it made everyone again andagain AlaughBlaughed C laughing D to laugh（ ） 10. I remember _ to Beijing when I was a child.take be taken taken（ ）11. Tho

19、ugh he often madehis little sister_ ,today he was madeby his little sister.; to cry ; crying ;cry cry;cry（ ） 12. The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.driveto driveC. drivingt drive( ) 13. Now more and more people are busy about the Internet.A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned( ) It

20、s too hot. Would you mind the door- . Please do it.A. to open; OKB. opening; Certainly notC. opening; Of courseD. to open; Good idea( ) 15. No matter how hard it is, well keepuntil we make it.A. failed B. failing C. triedD. trying( ) 16-Are you enjoyingin Ningbo-Yes, we are.A. to liveB. livingC. liv

21、es D. lived( ) 17. We couldnt help (laugh) after we heard the funny storyA. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed( )18 ， Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we don t break anything.(2017)B. madeC. to make( )19 . The boss asked Tim to go and _ out if there was anyone else absent.(2016)