GM+全球标准化

1、1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 1 Standardization 标准化标准化 员工参与员工参与 标准化标准化 制造质量制造质量 缩短制造周期缩短制造周期 持续改进持续改进 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 2 Manufacturing Process Validation In-Process Control & Verification Quality Feedback/ Feed- forward Standardized Work Visual Management Work- place Organization Andon Concept Problem Solving Cont

2、inuous Improvement Process Business Plan Deployment Total Productive Maintenance Scheduled Shipping / Receiving Level Vehicle Order Schedules Supply Chain Management Internal Pull / Delivery Simple Process Flow Temporary Material Storage Fixed Period Ordering System/ Order Parts Health and Safety Pr

3、iority Team Concept People Involvement Open Communication Process Values Standardization 标准化标准化 Vision/ Mission Management by TAKT Time Shop Floor Management Qualified People Product Quality Standards Quality System Management Lean Design of Facilities, Equipment, Tooling and Layout Early Mfg. and D

4、esign Integration (DFM / DFA) Small Lot Packaging Controlled External Transportation 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 3 What is it? 是什么？ Group Discussion小组讨论 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 4 Standardization is a dynamic process by which we set standards of terminology, principles, methods, and processes within our organization. 标准

5、化是指在我们的组织内部标准化是指在我们的组织内部 对各种术语、原则、方法及工对各种术语、原则、方法及工 艺建立标准的动态过程。艺建立标准的动态过程。 Definition of Standardization 标准化的定义标准化的定义 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 5 The purpose of standardization is to reduce variation and stabilize, so as to achieve a base from which to grow and improve. 标准化的目的是减少变化与维标准化的目的是减少变化与维 持稳定，在此基础上进步与

6、提持稳定，在此基础上进步与提 高。高。 Purpose of Standardization 标准化的目的标准化的目的 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 6 Why Is Standardization Important? 为什么标准化很重要？为什么标准化很重要？ SAFETY 安全 QUALITY 质量 COMMON DIRECTION 共同方向 JD Powers #1 PRODUCTIVITY 产量 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 7 What Happens When We Do Not Have Good, Clear Standards? 若没有良好、明晰的标准会怎样？若没有良好、

7、明晰的标准会怎样？ Example: 2000 U.S. Presidential Elections: Variation in Voting Machines & Methods Caused Major Election Controversy 事例：事例：2000年美国总统大选：年美国总统大选： 投票机器与方式的不一致导致重大选举投票机器与方式的不一致导致重大选举 纷争纷争 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 8 Standardization 标准化标准化 “THE WEDGE” TO STABILIZE BEST PRACTICE “楔子楔子”楔牢最优方法楔牢最优方法 Continuo

8、us Improvement 不断改进不断改进 Change 改变改变 World Class 世界领世界领 先水平先水平 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 9 A Standard Is The Best Current Practice Based On Many Peoples Experience & Lessons Learned, so 标准是基于多数人的经验教训得来最优现行方法，所以标准是基于多数人的经验教训得来最优现行方法，所以 DONT SHORTCUT THE STANDARD! 切勿缩短标准！切勿缩短标准！ BAD THINGS COULD HAPPEN, ESPECIAL

9、LY SAFETY & QUALITY PROBLEMS 不良的事故会发生，尤其是安全不良的事故会发生，尤其是安全 及质量问题。及质量问题。 IF YOU DONT LIKE THE STANDARD, TRY TO CHANGE IT, BUT NEVER SHORTCUT IT. 若你不满意这个标准，试着改变它，切勿走捷径。 Standard Shortcut 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 10 What Happens When We Do Not Follow Standards? 如果不遵照标准会怎样？如果不遵照标准会怎样？ EVERY YEAR PEOPLE DIE FROM N

10、OT FOLLOWING LOCK-OUT PROCEDURE U.S SUBMARINE HITS JAPANESE FISHING BOAT - SURFACING PROCEDURE NOT FOLLOWED EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL CAPTAIN DID NOT FOLLOW STANDARDS GERMAN PLANE CRASHES IN SWITZERLAND AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES IGNORED 每年都有人死于不每年都有人死于不 遵循关阀规定遵循关阀规定 美国潜艇击沉不遵守美国潜艇击沉不遵守 海面规定的日本渔船海面规

11、定的日本渔船 德国忽视空中飞行条德国忽视空中飞行条 例在瑞士坠毁例在瑞士坠毁 船长不遵循标准导致船长不遵循标准导致 EXXON 瓦尔迪瓦尔迪兹兹石石 油泄露油泄露 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 11 STANDARDIZATION EXERCISE 标准化练习 Think of any example inside or outside work where standards not being followed led to a bad situation 想想工作中或其它不遵守标准导致不良事件想想工作中或其它不遵守标准导致不良事件 发生的例子。发生的例子。 Discuss as a t

12、eam and report Take 5 minutes 小组讨论、汇报小组讨论、汇报-5分钟分钟 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 12 Always Remember The Priorities 牢记的重点牢记的重点 Safety 安全安全 People 员工员工 Quality 质量质量 Responsiveness 响应响应 Cost 成本成本 Importance 重要 For Example, Sometimes We Have To Sacrifice Efficiency To Achieve Safety 例如：有时我们必 须为了安全而牺牲 效率 1MFG GMDAT/DI

13、MC 13 MAKE RULE 制订条例制订条例 TEACH RULE 讲授条例讲授条例 KEEP RULE 遵守条例遵守条例 DO THE RIGHT THING! 做合理的事情 LEAD BY EXAMPLE! 榜样领导 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 14 Standardization On A Broader Scale Leads to Communization 更大范围的标准化以达到共有化更大范围的标准化以达到共有化 w One “Language” 同一语言 w Common Principles 通用原则 w Common Methods 通用方法 w Common Pro

14、cesses 通用程序 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 15 Standardization vs. Commonization 标准化与共有化标准化与共有化 If one family made a recipe for their Kimchi, then it would be Standardized. 如果一个家庭为其如果一个家庭为其 泡菜定个菜谱，就是标准化。泡菜定个菜谱，就是标准化。 But all families are still different so we are not Commonized (sometimes common is not appropriate)

15、. 但是每个家庭做法不一样则没有达到共有化。（有时共同的并但是每个家庭做法不一样则没有达到共有化。（有时共同的并 非是正确的）非是正确的） 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 16 Manufacturing Process Validation Product Quality Standards Quality System Management In-Process Control & Verification Quality Feedback/ Feed- forward Standardized Work Visual Management Management by TAKT Time

16、Work- place Organization Andon Concept Problem Solving Continuous Improvement Process Business Plan Deployment Total Productive Maintenance Controlled External Transportation Level Vehicle Order Schedules Supply Chain Management Internal Pull / Delivery Simple Process Flow Small Lot Packaging Tempor

17、ary Material Storage Fixed Period Ordering System/ Order Parts Health and Safety Priority Qualified People Team Concept People InvolvementOpen Communication Process Values Vision/ Mission Shop Floor Management Standardization 标准化标准化 Early Mfg. and Design Integration (DFM / DFA) Lean Design of Facili

18、ties, Equipment, Tooling and Layout Scheduled Shipping / Receiving Workplace Organization 工作场地布置工作场地布置 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 17 Workplace Organization 工作场地布置工作场地布置 What is it? 指什么？指什么？ Group Discussion 小组讨论小组讨论 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 18 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 19 Workplace Organization, 5S 工作场地布置工作场地布置, 5S Put order to

19、the workplace by making Standards that allow “out-of-standard” conditions to be visible! 制定标准使工作场地井井有序，制定标准使工作场地井井有序， 并使非标准的东西暴露出来。并使非标准的东西暴露出来。 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 20 Where is Workplace Organization Important? 哪些工作场地布置重要？哪些工作场地布置重要？ On the shop floor. . . 车间地面车间地面 . . . in the office! 办公地点办公地点 1MFG GMD

20、AT/DIMC 21 How is workplace organization done? 怎样布置工作场地？怎样布置工作场地？ Workplace Organization 工作场地布置工作场地布置 5S 5 Self Discipline/ Cont. Improvement 不断改进不断改进 4 Sustain/Maintain 维护维护 2 Sort/Standardize 整顿整顿 1 Sift/Clear 整理整理 3 Sweep/Clean 清扫清扫/清洁清洁 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 22 Sift/Clear 整理整理 uDivide the needed and n

21、ot needed items at the job site, and quickly remove the unneeded items. 区分开工作场所中必要和不必要的东西，迅速将不必要的东西清除。区分开工作场所中必要和不必要的东西，迅速将不必要的东西清除。 uAreas of Focus 重点区域重点区域 1)Tools 工具工具 2) Inventory/Storage 库存库存/储存储存 3) Equipment 设备设备 Keep needed Items 保留必要东西保留必要东西 Remove unneeded Items (waste) 清除不必要东西（废清除不必要东西（废

22、料）料） The Most Difficult thing for us to do 这是最难做到的 1 Sift/Clear () 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 23 Red Label Campaign Hammer Obsolete Pliers Rusted Sift/Clear 整理整理 1 Sift/Clear () If In Doubt Throw It Out! 毫不毫不 犹豫扔掉犹豫扔掉 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 24 Sort/Standardize 整顿整顿 A Place for everything . . . and everything in its p

23、lace 所有工作的场地，所有工作井所有工作的场地，所有工作井 井有序。井有序。 FThe location of equipment, tooling and material should be clearly defined, displayed and maintained. F各种设备、工具、材料明确 区分，放置，维护。 L850 Hose 30 pcs. Small Bolts小螺栓小螺栓 700 pcs Med. Bolts中等中等 螺栓螺栓 500 pc. Large Bolts大螺大螺 栓栓 300 pcs. L850 Rubber Hose 橡胶管橡胶管 2 Sort/St

24、andardize () 1 Sift/Clear () 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 25 Sort/Standardize 整顿整顿 Make A Standard! 制定标准制定标准 3. Mark the Location 标明位置标明位置 2. Determine a Location 确定放置地点确定放置地点 Where is the best place?哪 里是最恰当的 ？ 1. Categorize 分类分类 How often do I use this? 经常 使用吗？ 2 Sort/Standardize () 1 Sift/Clear () 1MFG GMDAT/D

25、IMC 26 Sweep / Clean 清扫清扫/清洁清洁 3 Sweep () 2 Sort () 1 Sift () “ “Sweeping” is checking! 清扫既是检查！清扫既是检查！ Check 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 27 Responsibility Chart Kim Lee Park Seo Cho Target: Major 5S 1/qtr. WhoTask 1 2 3 4 5 Sustain/Maintain 维护维护 uIdentify Tasks 确定任务确定任务 uAssign Responsibility 划分责任划分责任 uSet Targ

26、ets 设定目标设定目标 3 Sweep() 2 Sort() 1 Sift() 4Sustain() Safety/5S Checks Must Be Performed Everywhere and At Every Level Of The Organization! 安全安全/5/5S S检查应该人人处处开展！检查应该人人处处开展！ Standards are worthless if there is no system to check! 如果没有系统检查， 标准即毫无用处。 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 28 Self-Discipline/ Continuous Improv

27、ement 自律自律/不断改进不断改进 5 Self Discipline/ Cont. Improvement 自律自律/不断改进不断改进 4 Sustain/Maintain 维护维护 2 Sort/Standardize 整顿整顿/标准标准 1 Sift/Clear 整理整理 3 Sweep/Clean 清扫清扫/清洁清洁 It is everyones responsibility! 这是每个人的职责！这是每个人的职责！ 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 29 5S EXERCISE5S练习 How would you use the 5S process to improve the

28、situation below? 你怎样用你怎样用5S程序来改善下图的情形？程序来改善下图的情形？ Utilize ALL 5Ss 利用所有利用所有5S程序程序 Discuss as a team and report Take 10 minutes 小组讨论、汇报小组讨论、汇报10 分钟分钟 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 30 5S EXERCISE INSERT WORKSHEET 插入工作表插入工作表 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 31 Anything outside the standard is WASTE! 所有标准外的东西都是浪费！ WPO is a key means o

29、f visualizing and eliminating waste WPO WPO是暴露及消除浪费的主要途径是暴露及消除浪费的主要途径 Why workplace organization? 为什么要场地布置？为什么要场地布置？ 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 32 Why workplace organization? 为什么要场地布置？为什么要场地布置？ Good 5S Leads to Good Safety! Good 5S Leads to Good Safety! No trip, slip hazards, etc. No trip, slip hazards, etc. 做

30、好做好5 5S S等于安等于安 全！就没有跌倒滑倒等的危险。全！就没有跌倒滑倒等的危险。 SAFETY QUALITY Items always in same place means less Items always in same place means less likely to make mistakes likely to make mistakes 事物特定放置意事物特定放置意 味着少犯错误。味着少犯错误。 EFFICIENCY Items always in same place means less Items always in same place means less

31、 wasteful and more repeatable motions wasteful and more repeatable motions 事物特定放置就是减少多余重复的动作。事物特定放置就是减少多余重复的动作。 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 33 Example of Cabinet 5S 橱柜橱柜5S范例范例 Cabinet “Before 5S” 5S之前的橱柜之前的橱柜 Cabinet “After 5S” 5S后的橱柜后的橱柜 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 34 Example of 5S 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 35 Manufacturing Process

32、 Validation Product Quality Standards Quality System Management In-Process Control & Verification Quality Feedback/ Feed- forward Standardized Work Visual Management Management by TAKT Time Work- place Organization Andon Concept Problem Solving Continuous Improvement Process Business Plan Deployment

33、 Total Productive Maintenance Controlled External Transportation Scheduled Shipping / Receiving Level Vehicle Order Schedules Supply Chain Management Internal Pull / Delivery Simple Process Flow Small Lot Packaging Temporary Material Storage Fixed Period Ordering System/ Order Parts Health and Safet

34、y Priority Qualified People Team Concept People InvolvementOpen Communication Process Values Vision/ Mission Shop Floor Management Standardized Work 标准化工作标准化工作 Standardization 标准化标准化 Lean Design of Facilities, Equipment, Tooling and Layout Early Mfg. and Design Integration (DFM / DFA) 1MFG GMDAT/DIM

35、C 36 Standardized Work 标准化工作标准化工作 The documented, current best method to Safely and Efficiently perform work that meets the necessary level of Quality. 为了达到一定的质量标准，以为了达到一定的质量标准，以文件化文件化 及最可行的方法来安全有效地开展工作及最可行的方法来安全有效地开展工作 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 37 Without Standardization 没有标准化没有标准化 With Standardization 有了标准化

36、有了标准化 Standardized Work 标准化工作标准化工作 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 38 Materials 物料物料 Standardized Work 标准化工作标准化工作 Standardized work is used when there is a definable, repeatable process. 当工序明确可重复时，采用标准化工作当工序明确可重复时，采用标准化工作 Production 生生产产 Office 办办公室公室 Standardized Work Can Be Performed Everywhere! 随处随处都可以都可以开开展展标标准

37、化工作准化工作! 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 39 Team Leaders 班班长长 Team Members 班班组组成成员员 Group Leaders 工段工段长长 Everyone can perform standardized work! 每每个个人都可以人都可以进进行行标标准化工作！准化工作！ Managers 主任主任 Engineers 工程工程师师 Employees Should Be Involved In Developing Standardized Work They Know The Job The Best! 员工应该加入标准化工作开展 因为他们最了解工

38、艺！ 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 40 Standardization 标标准化准化 Improvement 改改进进 Standardized Work (标标准化工作准化工作) Standardized Work Is A Baseline for Continuous Improvement! 标标准化工作是不准化工作是不断断改改进进的基的基线线 ！ Standardization 标准化标准化 Standardization 标准化标准化 Standardization 标准化标准化 Improvement 改改进进 Improvement 改改进进 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC

39、 41 Each Individual Has Good Ideas If We Do Not Document The Best Methods Then We Are Not Fully Utilizing The Teams Brainpower and We Will Never Improve Or We May Actually Get Worse! 每每个个人都有好主意人都有好主意如果我如果我们们不把最好方法文件化，不把最好方法文件化，则则不可能充分利用不可能充分利用团队团队 的智能，的智能，不但不能取得不但不能取得进进步，甚至步，甚至会会越越来来越糟糕！越糟糕！ SAFETY,

40、 QUALITY, EFFICIENCY 安全、质量、效率 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 42 Would You Want To Get Into A Plane Where The Crew Did Not Exactly Follow A Standardized Check Process? Even Though They Have Performed It Hundreds Of Times! 你会你会不不会会乘坐乘乘坐乘务员务员不不履行履行标标准准检查检查程序的程序的检查的检查的 飞飞机机？-即使他即使他们们重复操作过重复操作过无无数数遍。遍。 1. Check Fuel (检

41、查汽油) 2. Check Tires (检查轮胎) 3. Check Instruments (检查仪表盘) 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 43 Continuous Improvement Standardization There Is a Real Balance Between Standardization and Continuous Improvement. 标标准化准化与与不不断断改改进进之之间间有有个个天平。天平。 We Must Control The Balance to Be Sure That We Are Neither to Strict With Stand

42、ardization, Nor Too Flexible. 我我们们必必须须控制控制这个这个天平以确保天平以确保 既既不要不要死死守守也不也不要要脱脱离离标标准化准化 BUT 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 44 Lego Exercise 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 45 Standardized Work Basics WHY What will happen if standard is not followed 若不遵守若不遵守标标准准会怎样会怎样？ Why is it important?Why is it important? 为为什什么么重要重要 WHAT What to d

43、o?What to do?做什做什么么 Work Elements With Times vs. Takt 工作要素工作要素时间与时间与生产节拍生产节拍 HOW How to do it?How to do it?怎样怎样做做 Work Sequence/Diagram 工作次序工作次序/图图 表表 Key Points For Safety & Efficiency 安全安全&效率要点效率要点 Quality Points & Checks 质质量要点量要点与与 检查检查点点 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 46 Cycle Time 001L Actual Takt Time 5” ” 4

44、” ” 3” ” 2” ” 1” ” Time Standardized Work Basics Make Waste Visible! 暴露暴露浪浪费费！ Work Flow Diagram 工作流程表工作流程表 Time Chart 时间时间表表 Waste of Motion! 动动作浪作浪费费 Non-Value Added! 非增殖非增殖时间时间 Value Added 增殖增殖时间时间 Wait Time! 等待等待时间时间 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 47 Ensures standard across shifts via sign-off Documents change

45、s to the Standardized Work Visualizes worker movement via sketch. Symbol MOVING LINE STANDARD OPERATION SHEET Group / team JOB NAME Operation: S Element Name ys Work mt element be Registered Handwork/Model op Number l Total handwork / walking by model sec. Cycle time sec. Volume % Weighted average R

46、eturn Walk (R3) (R2)(R4) (IR) (L3) (L1) (L4) (R1) (L2) (IF)(E) (CF)(CR) (T) C Quality Checks Safety for Operator Critical Process for CRTL4IRL3IFL2L1CFESUBMATLocation LH Frequency CRTR4IRR3IFR2R1CFESUBMAT Location RH Frequency Cycle Time Chart weighted average cycle time Option or Model Time Volume

47、% s Walk Time walking Actual Takt Time Signature Team Ldr Superv. Shift Mgr. Shift A Shift B Shift C Revisions Mo./Yr.Sign.What Change Confirmation of Adherence DateSignature Elements Of Good Standardized Work ( ) 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 48 (Shift ) Symbol MOVING LINE STANDARD OPERATION SHEET Group / team J

48、OB NAME Operation: S Element Name ys Work mt element be Registered Handwork/Model op Number l Total handwork / walking by model sec. Cycle time sec. Volume % Weighted average Total Return Walk (R3) (R2)(R4) (IR) (L3) (L1) (L4) (R1) (L2) (IF)(E) (CF)(CR) (T) C Quality Checks Safety for Operator Criti

49、cal Process for CRTL4IRL3IFL2L1CFESUBMATLocation LH Frequency CRTR4IRR3IFR2R1CFESUBMATLocation RH Frequency Cycle Time Chart weighted average cycle time Option or Model Time Volume % s Walk Time walking Actual Takt Time Signature Team Ldr Superv. Shift Mgr. Shift A Shift B Shift C Revisions Mo./Yr.

50、Sign.What Change Confirmation of Adherence DateSignature Elements Of Good Standardized Work 标标准化工作要素准化工作要素 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 49 Use as basis for training & Problem Solving 作作为为培培训训 问题问题解解决决的基点的基点 Must support the user & be posted visually 有利于有利于操作者或操作者或张贴张贴 到明到明显处显处 User involved in development 操作者操作者

51、参参加改加改进进 Always respect Std. Work of others 尊重尊重他人的他人的标标准化工作准化工作 Perform regular checks of Std. Work 定时检查定时检查 标准化工作标准化工作 Final Notes on Standardized Work 标标准化工作后注准化工作后注 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 50 Final Notes on Standardized Work 标标准化工作后注准化工作后注 The True Test of Good Standardized Work is When Someone Does Not

52、 Come to Work and the Job Still Gets Done Safely, Efficiently and with Quality 真正经得检验的标准化工作是当有人缺席时仍能 安全、有效、高质地完成工作 What Do I Do? 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 51 Manufacturing Process Validation Product Quality Standards Quality System Management In-Process Control & Verification Quality Feedback/ Feed- forward S

53、tandardized Work Visual Management Management by TAKT Time Work- place Organization Andon Concept Problem Solving Business Plan Deployment Total Productive Maintenance Scheduled Shipping / Receiving Level Vehicle Order Schedules Supply Chain Management Internal Pull / Delivery Simple Process Flow Sm

54、all Lot Packaging Temporary Material Storage Fixed Period Ordering System/ Order Parts Health and Safety Priority Qualified PeopleTeam Concept People Involvement Open Communication Process Values Vision/ Mission Shop Floor Management Management by TAKT Time 生产节拍生产节拍管理管理 Standardization 标标准化准化 Early

55、Mfg. and Design Integration (DFM / DFA) Lean Design of Facilities, Equipment, Tooling and Layout Controlled External Transportation Continuous Improvement Process 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 52 Takt Time = Number of vehicles required per time period 此此阶阶段需要生段需要生产产台台数数 Weekly 周 Monthly 月 Yearly 年 Takt Time is Co

56、nstant! TAKT TIME是不是不变变的！的！ Takt Time: Determines the speed of the line 决决定流水定流水线线速度速度 The time available to produce a component or single unit. 生生产产一一个个部件或一部件或一辆车辆车的的时间时间 Determined by the number of vehicles required by the end of each day to meet the production target. 由需要由需要达达到的每日生到的每日生产产目目标标的的车辆

57、数决车辆数决定定 Operational Time Per Period 某某阶阶段生段生产时间产时间 Takt Takt 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 53 I Love Lucy Video Part II I Love LucyI Love Lucy (Start video at Chocolate Assembly Line)录录象象从从巧克力的生巧克力的生产线开产线开始始 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 54 I Love Lucy Video Part II Group Discussion 小小组讨组讨 论论 uWhat GMS Standardization Princip

58、le concepts did we (not) see in the video? 在在录录象看到或象看到或没没看到看到哪哪些些GMS的的 标标准化原准化原则则 uDiscuss as an open forum not by teams 论坛讨论论坛讨论 非小非小组讨论组讨论 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 55 I Love Lucy Video Discussion What did we see in the video: 从录象可我们看到： Lack of Standardized Work: 缺乏标准化工作 No documented standardized work on j

59、ob 车上没有 标准文件化 No standardized work to use as basis for training 没有标准化工作作为培训 基础 No quality standard for completed chocolate 巧克力做完后没有质量标准 Lack Of Management By Takt Time: 缺乏生产节拍管理 Takt Time arbitrarily changed 主观改变生产节拍 No communication or planning of Takt Time change 生产节拍改变没有协商或计划 No visual indication

60、 of workstation beginning and end 从头到尾都没有工位 的目视化标识 Others: No way to call for help No way to stop line or prevent defects from leaving station I Love LucyI Love Lucy 1MFG GMDAT/DIMC 56 Example of Unlean Chocolate Factory 不精益的巧克力工不精益的巧克力工厂厂例例子子 Takt time slowed down TAKT TIME 减减慢慢 Cycle time not adju