句子成分63741

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx句子成分63741【精品文档】一. 简单句的五种基本句型。1.主语 + 谓语Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。（Li Ming是主语； works是谓语。）The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。（The accident是主语； happened是谓语 ）Spring is coming.春天就要来了。（Spring是主语； is coming是谓语。）2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语Li Lei always helps me when I have difficult

2、ies.当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。（Li Lei是主语， helps是谓语，me是宾语。 ）She plans to travel in the coming May Day.她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。（She是主语， plans是谓语，to travel是宾语。）I dont know what I should do next.我不知道下一步该干什么。（I是主语； dont know是谓语， what I should do next是宾语。）3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。（Th

3、is kind of food是主语， tastes是系动词， delicious是表语。）He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。（He是主语， looked是系动词， worried是表语。）4. 主语 + 谓语 + 双宾语Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。（Her father是主语， bought是谓语， her是间接宾语， a dictionary是直接宾语。）The old man always tells the children

4、 stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。（The old man是主语，tells是谓语， the children是间接宾语，stories about the heroes是直接宾语。）上述句子还可以表达为：Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.（Her father是主语， bought是谓语， a dictionary是直接宾语 her是间接宾语。）The old man always tells stories

5、 about the heroes to the children in the Long March.（The old man是主语，tells是谓语， stories about the heroes是直接宾语，children是间接宾语。）5. 主语 + 谓语+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（You是主语， should keep是谓语，the room是宾语，clean and tidy是宾语补足语。）We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。（We是主语，made是

6、谓语，him是宾语，our monitor是宾语补足语。）His father told him not to play in the street.他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。（His father是主语，told是谓语， him是宾语， not to play是宾语补足语。 ）二. 句子成分名词解释1.主语：句子所陈述的对象。2.谓语：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。3. 宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。4. 系动词：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词（look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel）、保持类系动词（

7、keep, stay 和 remain）、状态变化类系动词（become、get、turn 和 go）等。5. 表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。6. 定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。7. 状语： 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。8. 补语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。注意：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分；定语和状语时一个句子的修饰性成分，不是主干成分。在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。如：She knewthat the teacher had seen the film.“that the teacher had s

8、een the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。1.动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。如：He askedwhose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。2.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。如：I agree withwhat you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。3.形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。如：I am afraidthat I will be late.恐怕我要迟到了。1.that

9、:没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分2.whether/if:表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。I dont knowif /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。3.连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children dont knowwhat is in their stockings（what 在宾语从句中做主语）Could you te

10、ll mewhy you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）1.时态：当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。He said that he

11、could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说过地球绕着太阳转。2.语序：任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。小简老师讲的以上内容足够同学们应付中考了。在高中阶段，宾语从句还会在这些内容上进行扩充，所以，同学们一定要在初中时打下良好基础，这样在高中再学英语时就不会手忙脚乱了。让我们来简单做几道习题巩固一下吧：1.The girls asked if they _

12、 some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3.The students want to know whether they_ dictation（听写）today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are4.She asked Linda if_ go a

13、nd get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelledkey:A D C B C主要连词：when、while、as soon as、before、after、since等。【注意1】时间状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in

14、Beijing.我到北京就将给你打电话。I will give you a call when I arrive at London.【注意2】since 的用法： since引导的时间状语从句必须是一般过去时，其主句必须时现在完成时。例如：Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.【注意3】while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须时持续的; when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以持续也可以不持续。例如：While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.主要连词：if, unless等。【注意】条件状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：If he comes