第三册unitthree

1、Unit Three1. I hear an underground railway station is going to be built in your neighbourhood.1）hear vt.（1）听说（多跟从句）I hear you want a secretary. 我听说你需要一个秘书。Mr. Smith had heard that they were leaving shortly for SouthAfrica.史密斯先生已经听说他们不久将去南非。“ hear”可用在插入语中，如：The neighbourhood is now, I hear, quite pea

2、ceful. 我听说附近一带现在相当地平静安宁。 在上述两种用法中一般不能用进行时，间或可以用，表示“反复听说（到）”。I have been hearing a lot of things about you since I ve been back in this country. 自从我回国以来经常听到关于你的许多事。（2）听见，听到（多作 vt. ）A）跟名词或代词They both heard a knock at the side-door.他们两人都听见了边门的敲门声。As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为

3、你的朋友，我想把我所听到的告诉你。B）跟带不定式的复合结构Oh, Robert, I didn t hear you come in. 哦，罗伯特，我没听见你进来。It s so quiet you could hear a pin drop! 周围是如此安静，你甚至可以听到一根针掉在地上的声音！“ hear ”可用于被动结构，这时不定式要带 toShe was heard to leave the house.有人听到她离开家了。C）跟带现在分词的复合结构She could hear the rain pattering against the windows. 她能听见雨点正拍打着窗户。Y

4、ou could hear her singing as she ran upstairs. 你可以听见她跑上楼梯时正唱着歌。“hear ”可用于被动结构：Voice were heard calling for help.有人正在喊救命。（ “ blowing ”表示“风正在刮” ） 不定式表示的是一个完成的动作，如：“ open”表示已打开了” 。）*在这种结构中现在分词多表示一个正在进行的动作，如： I heard the wind blowing.而在前面带不定式的结构中，I heard the door open. （D跟带过去分词的结构She heard the front doo

5、r shut.她听见前门被关上了。I ve heard him criticized many times.我已经听见过他被批评过好几次了。一条地下铁道 一个地下印刷所 地下活动 地下工作者2）underground adj. 地下的，秘密的an underground railway an underground press underground activities underground workersunderground n.地下铁道（=subway（A.E.）by underground乘地铁2. Construction is already under way.be unde

6、r way 在进行之中Our plans are under way.我们的计划正在执行中。All the preparation are well under way.一切准备工作正在顺利进行中。be under consideration在考虑中be under construction在建造中3. Some walls have been knocked down and some houses have been pulled down.1）knock down （down 为副词 ）（ 1 ）拆除（掉） ，拆卸They are going to knock down those ol

7、d buildings soon. 他们不久将要拆除那些旧建筑物。The machine will be knocked down before being packed for shipment. 这台机器在包装货运之前将被拆卸掉。（ 2 ）打倒，撞倒A bus knocked her down.一辆公共汽车把她撞倒了。He knocked down the thief with one blow of his fist.他一拳把那个贼打倒在地。2）pull down 拆（房子）They are pulling down the house in the street.他们正在拆毁街上的房子

8、。It is easier to pull down than to build up.拆除一幢房子比建造一幢房子要容易。4. Not too much yet.1）这里相当于 The traffic hasn t been affected too much yet.交通还未受到太多的影响。“ too much ” 修饰动词 affect当 too much 修饰名词时，只能接不可数名词，如：too much water 太多的水too many 修饰复数的可数名词，如：too many books 太多的书much too 修饰形容词或副词，如：much too short 太短了2）bl

9、ock（ 1） blockvt. 堵住，阻塞They blocked the entrance to the cave with big rocks.他们用巨石将洞口堵塞起来。You can t leave the city. All the roads are blocked by snow.你出不了这座城市了，所有的道路都被积雪给堵塞了。（2）block vt. 阻碍，阻挡Her sickness blocks my plans for the party.她的病阻止了我去参加晚会的计划。The player tried to block his opponent.这位球员试图挡住他对手（

10、的前进）（3）block n. 一大块（木头、石头等） ；街段；阻塞，障碍物 a block of wood 一大块石头 a block of ice一大块冰You go two blocks, and then turn left.你走过两个街区然后向左拐。There was a block in the pipe and the water couldn t flow away.水管里有一障碍物，水流不走的。5. in three years or soor so “大约，约莫, ，左右”，一般放在所修饰词的后面She had a little money, ten pounds or s

11、o.她有点钱，大约 10 英镑。He was a man of twenty-five or so.他在 25 岁左右。可以用 about 替代 or so ，但 about 放在所修饰词前，如： in about three years.6. That sounds splendid.1）sound link v.听起来，似乎（1）跟形容词How sweet the music sounds!这段音乐听起来多优美动听啊！The report sounds true. 这份报告听来是真实的。（2）跟名词Your idea sounds （like） a good one. 你的这个主意听起来不

12、错。She sounded a modest woman.她似乎是个谦逊有礼貌的妇女。7. Rain becomes acid when it combines with carbon dioxide in the air. 1）combine vt.&vi.（1）combine vi. 联合，合交，化合The two countries combined together against their enemy. 这两个国家联合起来共同抗击他们的敌人。combine with 化合成 ,Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. = Hydrog

13、en and oxygen combine to form water. 氢和氧化合成水。（2）combine vt.把 , 结合起来，联合，合并combine , with ,We should combine theory with practice.我们应当把理论和实际联系起来。Some films combine education with recreation. 有些影片使教育和娱乐融合在一起。Education must be combined with productive labour. 教育必须和生产劳动相结合。（3） combination n.结合，联合（不可数）The

14、 combination of yellow and blue forms green.黄色和蓝色合成绿色。结合体，联合体（可数）John and Tom are a strong combination at football.John 和 Tom 在踢足球方面组合得很好。 组合（可数）Some possible combination of x, y, and z are xy, xz, and yz. x,y,z 三个字母的一些可能的组合是 xy, xz 和 yz.8, factory chimneys pour back smoke into,1）pour vt.颠倒pour , in

15、to , 把, 倒入 ,我把瓶里的牛奶倒入玻璃杯里。你自己再倒杯茶吧。涌出（入）I poured the milk from the bottle into the glasses. Pour yourself another cup of tea.小溪水流入了小河里。在夏季旅游者成群地涌入伦敦。 伤口处鲜血在大量地往外流。2） pour vi. 大量流出（入等） ，（人畜） pour into 涌入，倒入，大量流入 pour out of 大量流出，从 , 涌出 The stream poured into the river. Tourists pour into London in su

16、mmer. Blood poured out of the wound.After school, the students poured out of the classroom. 放学后学生从教室中大量涌出。倾盆而下下了一整夜的倾盆大雨。3）pour vi. 下倾盆雨， （雨）It was pouring all night.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。）4）用于谚语It never rains but it pours. （喻事情不发生则已，一旦发生便接踵而来。9., turn rain into aid.1）turn , into , 使变为 Frost turns water into ic

17、e.严寒的大气使水变成了冰。Im going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children. 我打算将我的车库改为孩子们的活动房。 turn into vi. 变为 Tadpoles turn into frogs. 蝌蚪变为青蛙。 It turned into a nice day.天气转好了。2）together with和 , 一道；连同一起；和；加之等引导的词组时，谓语动词的单复He sent her some roses, together with a nice letter. 他送给她几枝玫瑰和一封热情洋溢的信。 当主语后面

18、跟有 together with, as well as, with 数形式随主语而定。John, together with his brother, has gone to the party. John 和他的哥哥一起参加了那个晚会。Making the beds, together with other light jobs, kept Grandma busy until noon. 铺床和其他一些轻活，使奶奶一直忙到中午。10. The chemicals in the rain water are so strong that they have been known to ma

19、ke holes in leaves caught in the rain.1） so, that ,如此的 , 以致于,她还这么小，你必须原谅她。He ran so fast that none of us could catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快以致于我们中没人能赶上他。 She was so young that you must excuse her.2） leaves caught in the rain 这里 caught in the rain be caught in the rainHe has been caught in the rain and

20、is wet through.leaves 的定语淋到雨的叶子 是过去分词短语作 淋雨；突然遇上雨On his way home, he was caught in the rain.11. Over the years, acid rain has damaged not他淋雨了，全身湿透。 在回家的路上他突然遇上了一场雨。 only vast areas of forests but lakes and streams as well.1）over prep. （指时间）在 , 中， （多年）以来，度过（一段时间）Over the years, we had to watch every

21、penny. 在这几年中，我们必须不浪费一分钱。 Over the years he has become more and more patient.这几年里他变得越来越有耐心了。2）not only , but , as well 不但 , 而且 , 相当于 not only , but（also） , , 连接两个并列成分He can speak not only English but French as well. 他不但能讲英语而且会讲法语。 The old worker not only gave us a lot of advice but helped us to do th

22、e work as well. 这位老工人不但给我们许多建议，而且还帮我们做这项工作。12. Red spruce trees in eastern USA, for example, are found to be slowly dying from the effects of acid rain.也可以把句子改成以 it 为形式主语的主语从句。It is found that red spruce trees in eastern USA are slowly dying from the effects of acid rain.1）die vi. died / died;dyingd

23、ead adj. death n.2）die from 因 , 致死；由于 , 而死（如因伤、污染、过于劳累而死） He died from a wound / pollution.他因负伤 / 污染而死了。The disease from which he died was at that time incurable. 导致他死亡的那种疾病在当时是无法治愈的。3）die of 因（患） , 而死， , 死了（如因某种疾病、饥、寒、年老、情感而造成的死 亡）Man dies of hunger / old ages.人类因饥饿（或年老）而死。Her sister died of cancer

24、. 她妹妹死于癌。13. In nearby Canada, the entire hardwood forest is believed to be threatened with exitction.也可以把句子改成以 it 为形式主语的主语从句：It is believed that the entire hardwood forest is threatened with extinction.1） nearby adj. / adv. 附近的 / 地We went to a nearby town. 我们到附近的一个镇上去了。There is a football match bei

25、ng played nearby. 附近正在举行一场足球比赛。2）be threatened with 受到 , 的威胁 /threaten, with , 以 , 威胁 , He threatened me with violence. 他用武力威胁我。I was threatened with a beating unless I obeyed. 除非我服从，否则要受到被揍一顿的威胁。 threat n. 恐吓be under （the ） threat of, 受到 , 的恐吓14. , its rivers and streams are so polluted that the fishes,fish n. 鱼（可数，一般单、复数同形） ；鱼（肉），（不可数） fishes 表示不同种类的鱼I caught a fish.我抓到了一条鱼。The old man had been many great fish.那个老人见过许多大鱼。There were fishes of many hues and sizes. 有许多种颜色和大小的不同种类的鱼。15. Certain species of birds cannot find food ,1)species n. 意为