选修八第四单元词汇vocabulary

1、Unit 4 Pygmalion 1. hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇犹豫；踌躇 (1)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事犹豫做某事 hesitate about/over/at. . . 对对感到犹豫感到犹豫 (2)hesitation n. 犹豫犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地毫不犹豫地 Premier Li said “The government will not _ _ help you out of poverty. ” 李总理说李总理说“政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困。政府会毫不犹豫地帮你摆脱贫困。” She seems to _ _ _

2、 the private question. 她好像不愿意回答这个私人问题。她好像不愿意回答这个私人问题。 hesitate to hesitate about answering He accepted the job without hesitation. 他毫不迟疑地接受了这份工作。他毫不迟疑地接受了这份工作。 【熟词生义【熟词生义】读句子猜含义读句子猜含义 Embarrassment caused the speaker to hesitate. ( ) 口吃；话语吞吐口吃；话语吞吐 【高考链接【高考链接】 (2009福建高考福建高考)We are at your service. D

3、ont _ to turn to us if you have any further problems. A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 【解析【解析】选选B。 2.mistaken adj. 错误的错误的;不正确的不正确的 mistake n 背叛背叛；暴露出；暴露出 e.g. Quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money. I wont betray his trust. She would not betray his secrets to me. His

4、face betrayed that he was angry. betray +n./n.+ to 表示表示“出卖出卖, 背叛背叛, 辜负辜负”; betray +n./n.+(to be)- that表示表示“无意中显示无意中显示, 暴暴 露露”。 其名词形式为其名词形式为betrayal, 如如: an act of betrayal 背背 叛的行为。叛的行为。 归纳拓展归纳拓展 完成句子。完成句子。 1. He betrayed his friends _ the enemy. 2. His accent at once betrayed the fact _ he was a for

5、eigner. to that 5. condemn vt. 谴责；使谴责；使注定；判处注定；判处 condemn sb. /sth. as 谴责谴责/指责某人指责某人/物为物为 condemn sb. to do sth. 使某人注定做某事使某人注定做某事 condemn sb. to sth. 迫使迫使(某人某人)处于处于(某种某种)状态；使某状态；使某 人注定人注定 be condemned to death 被判死刑被判死刑 His bad leg condemned him to a wheelchair. 他的残腿使他不得不坐在轮椅上。他的残腿使他不得不坐在轮椅上。 The mea

6、t _ _ _ unfit for human consumption. 这种肉不适合人们食用。这种肉不适合人们食用。 was condemned as He _ _ _ _ for murder. 他因谋杀罪被判处死刑。他因谋杀罪被判处死刑。 【点津【点津】(1) condemn表示表示“宣判、判处宣判、判处”时与时与sentence相同。相同。 (2)be condemned to 与与be doomed to意义相同意义相同, 都表示都表示“注定注定 会会”。 was condemned to death 6. acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人相识；了解；熟人 I mad

7、e his acquaintance at a party. =I made the acquaintance of him at a party. 我是在一个聚会上认识他的。我是在一个聚会上认识他的。 He has some little acquaintance with the language. 他稍微会一点儿这种语言。他稍微会一点儿这种语言。 Even on first acquaintance it was clear that he was a man of rich experience. 【归纳【归纳】填写适当的介词填写适当的介词 make the acquaintance

8、_ sb. 结识某人结识某人 _ first acquaintance 初次见面初次见面 have acquaintance _ sth. /sb. 对某事物对某事物/某人了解某人了解 of on with 7. fortune U 成功；好运成功；好运, 运气；运气；C 财富；大笔的钱财富；大笔的钱 (1)make a fortune 发财发财 seek ones fortune 外出找出路外出找出路 try ones fortune 碰运气碰运气 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的幸运的 be fortunate to do sth. / in doing sth. 幸运地做某事幸

9、运地做某事 (3)fortunately adv. 幸运地幸运地 _,the fire was discovered soon after it had started. Fortunately Now many villagers go to the big cities to _ _ _. 现在很多村民去大城市碰运气。现在很多村民去大城市碰运气。 She is _ in having such a kind husband. 她有这样一位好心的丈夫她有这样一位好心的丈夫, 真是幸运。真是幸运。 try theirfortune fortunate 【高考链接【高考链接】 (2010全国卷全

10、国卷)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _ . A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 【解析【解析】选选C。 8. superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的优秀的；较高的；上级的 n. 上级；长官上级；长官 观察句子观察句子, 写出黑体部分的词性和含义写出黑体部分的词性和含义 I acknowledged him as my superior. ( ) Which of the two method

11、s is superior? ( ) A soldier must obey his superior officers. ( ) Johnson is superior to Mr. Wang in maths. ( ) n. 长者长者, 上级上级, 长官长官 adj. 较好的较好的, 出众的出众的 adj. 上级的上级的 adj. 比比优越优越/好好 9. overlook vt. 俯瞰；未看到；忽视；不理会俯瞰；未看到；忽视；不理会 观察句子观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义写出黑体部分的含义 The house on the hill overlooks the valley. ( ) H

12、e overlooked a spelling error on the first page. ( ) Ill overlook your mistake this time. ( ) It is easy for us to overlook our own faults. ( ) 俯瞰俯瞰 未看到未看到 不理会不理会 忽视忽视 1. generally speaking 一般来说一般来说 (2012安徽高考安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth. 一般来说一般来说,

13、 一个人的智力极限在刚出生时就决定了。一个人的智力极限在刚出生时就决定了。 _ _, women love children better than men do. 一般来说一般来说, 女人比男人更爱孩子。女人比男人更爱孩子。 【点津【点津】 generally speaking相当于相当于in general或或as a general rule, 表示表示“一般而言；大体上一般而言；大体上”。 Generally speaking 【拓展【拓展】补全下列补全下列“adv. +speaking”的短语的短语 _ speaking 严格地说严格地说 _ speaking 就个人而言就个人而言

14、_ speaking 坦率地说坦率地说 _ speaking 诚实地说诚实地说 strictly personally frankly honestly 【想一想【想一想】高考中经常考查到评注性状语高考中经常考查到评注性状语, 动脑想一想动脑想一想, 我们我们 平时学了哪些词或短语作评注性状语？平时学了哪些词或短语作评注性状语？ 【参考答案【参考答案】 评注性状语是对整个句子进行解释和说明评注性状语是对整个句子进行解释和说明, , 表明说话人的看表明说话人的看 法和态度法和态度, , 通常位于句首通常位于句首( (间或位于句中或句尾间或位于句中或句尾), ), 常用逗号常用逗号 与句子隔开。评

15、注性状语一般有下列几种形式：与句子隔开。评注性状语一般有下列几种形式： 一、副词：一、副词：personally, honestly, frankly, obviously, clearly, briefly, luckily, fortunately, naturally, actually 等。等。 例如：例如： Briefly, the work was done well. 简言之简言之, 这份工作干得不错。这份工作干得不错。 二、副词短语：二、副词短语：what is worse, worse still, strangely enough, not surprisingly 等。例

16、如：等。例如： Whats worse, he lost his parents in the accident. 更糟的是更糟的是, 他在这次事故中失去了双亲。他在这次事故中失去了双亲。 三、动词三、动词-ing短语：短语：. . . speaking, judging from等。等。 注意这种注意这种- ing结构与后面句子的主语没有逻辑上的关系结构与后面句子的主语没有逻辑上的关系, 因此不必变成因此不必变成 过去分词短语。例如：过去分词短语。例如： Judging from his clothes, he must be from a rich family. 从他的衣着判断从他的衣着

17、判断, , 他一定来自一个富有的家庭。他一定来自一个富有的家庭。 四、不定式短语：四、不定式短语： to be honest, to make things worse, to tell the truth, to be sure, to speak frankly 等。等。 例如：例如： To be honest, the twins dont look alike at all. 说实话说实话, 这对双胞胎看上去一点都不像。这对双胞胎看上去一点都不像。 五、介词短语：五、介词短语： of course, from. . . point of view, in short, in brief

18、, in a word, to ones surprise, as a matter of fact, in actual fact, between ourselves (you and me)等。例如：等。例如： As a matter of fact, their suggestion has proved practicable. 事实上事实上, 他们的建议证明是可行的。他们的建议证明是可行的。 2. in terms of. . . 就就来说；从来说；从角度角度 In terms of natural resources, it is one of the poorest count

19、ries in Western Europe. 从自然资源来看从自然资源来看, 它是西欧最穷的国家之一。它是西欧最穷的国家之一。 _ _ _ money, some are quite rich. 从金钱的角度上说从金钱的角度上说, 有些人非常富有。有些人非常富有。 ofIn terms 【拓展【拓展】翻译下列翻译下列term短语短语 come to terms with _ _ 关系良好关系良好/不好不好 _ 就长就长/短期而言短期而言 in ones terms _ on equal terms _ 达成协议达成协议, 和好和好 be on good/bad terms in the lo

20、ng/short term/run 在某人看来在某人看来 在平等的条件下在平等的条件下 3. Will that be of any use to you? 那对你有用吗？那对你有用吗？ (1)介词介词of后面接表抽象意义的名词后面接表抽象意义的名词, 如如value, use, help, importance, significance等等, 相当于该名词相对应的形容词。相当于该名词相对应的形容词。 该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰该名词前面可以用表程度的词加以修饰, 如如little, no, great, much, some等。等。 (2)介词介词of后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的

21、名词后面还可接一些表示人或物属性的名词, 如如size, color, height, length, age, shape, quality等等, 用来描述人或事物的属性用来描述人或事物的属性, 在句中作表语或后置定语。在句中作表语或后置定语。 句型转换句型转换 The book will be very valuable to students of history. =The book will be _ _ _ to students of history. 这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。 The two rooms are the same in siz

22、e. =The two rooms are _ _ _ _. 这两个房间大小一样。这两个房间大小一样。 The Nobel Prize is very important to Chinese literature. =The Nobel Prize is _ _ _ to Chinese literature. 这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。这项诺贝尔奖对中国的文学很重要。 of great value of the same size of great importance 4. show. . . in带或领带或领进来进来 It was the nurse who showed me

23、in. 是护士把我领进来的。是护士把我领进来的。 Tom, please show our guest in. 汤姆汤姆, 请把我们的客人领进来。请把我们的客人领进来。 【拓展【拓展】 show sb. out 领某人出去领某人出去 show sb. around/round. . . 领某人参观领某人参观 show off 炫耀炫耀 show up 出席出席, 到场到场 on show 在展出在展出 选用上面短语填空选用上面短语填空 I _ the foreigners _ our school. 我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。我领着外国人参观了我们的学校。 Why didnt you _

24、_ at the conference last night? 昨晚你为什么没出席会议？昨晚你为什么没出席会议？ showedaround show up 5. in need of 需要需要 Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help. 当有人需要救助的时候当有人需要救助的时候, 行动胜于言语。行动胜于言语。 The hungry children were _ _ _ food. 这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。这些饥饿的孩子需要食物。 【点津【点津】 in need of表示表示“需要需要”；而；而in need表示表示

25、“在危难中在危难中, 在困难中在困难中”。 inneedof We are collecting money for children _ _. 我们在为贫困儿童募捐。我们在为贫困儿童募捐。 【拓展【拓展】补全下列补全下列“in+n. +of”短语短语 in _ of 为了为了.表示敬意表示敬意 in _ of 负责负责 in _ of 希望希望 in _ of 代替代替 in _ of 支持支持 in _ of 寻找寻找 in _ of 为了纪念为了纪念 in need honour charge hope place favour search memory 6. fade out (声音

26、、画面声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡逐渐模糊；渐淡 fade away 消失消失, 逐渐减弱；褪色逐渐减弱；褪色 It was dark and all the sounds had _ _. 天黑了天黑了, 所有的声音已逐渐消失了。所有的声音已逐渐消失了。 The idea seemed to fade out and the club was never formed. 这个想法似乎被淡忘了这个想法似乎被淡忘了, 俱乐部始终没有建立起来。俱乐部始终没有建立起来。 The shapes faded away into the night. 那些影子消失在夜色中。那些影子消失在夜色中。 faded

27、 out . 选词并用其适当形式填空选词并用其适当形式填空 compromise, acquaintance, hesitate, classify, overlook, horrible, comfort, mistake, fade, disgust 1. If you have any questions, please ask me for help without _. 2. Lets _ and each pays half the damages. 3. We must think how we can make the room more _ for you. 4. If Im

28、 not _, thats the man we saw on the bus. hesitation compromise comfortable mistaken 5. We can _ the sea from the window of our room. 6. That was a really _ thing to say! 7. All my _ voted for the plan I came up with at the meeting. 8. Our happiness began to _ and our heart began to grow heavy. 9. Th

29、e books in the library are _ according to the subjects. 10. His _ jokes made everybody present _. overlook horrible acquaintances fade classified disgustingdisgusted compromise, acquaintance, hesitate, classify, overlook, horrible, comfort, mistake, fade, disgust . 同义句转换同义句转换 1. It is impossible to

30、make the girl an upper lady because of her phonetics. =It is impossible to _an upper lady because of her phonetics. 2. Its a pleasure to get to know your sister. =Its a pleasure to _your sister. 3. We could do nothing but look at him surprisedly. =We could do nothing but look at him _. pass the girl

31、 off as make the acquaintance of in surprise/amazement 5. The plane with loud noises disappeared gradually in the distance. = The plane with loud noises _in the distance. 6. It is necessary to clean the house thoroughly before we move in. =The house is _a thorough cleaning before we move in. 7. As to salary, the job is great, but it has its disadvantages. =The job is great _salary, but it has its disadvantages. faded out in need of in terms of 8. The book is of great help to his writing. = The book is _to his wri