英语教案：必修1 Unit I School life(2)

1、英语学习资料I.词语辨析：1. can / be able to can: （主观的能力）能够、有能力e.g. Can you translate the sentence into English? Even a child can do such a thing. be able to do: （客观上）能够，（经克服困难而）成功做成= manage to do / succeed in doinge.g. I had a car, so I was able to get there in time for supper. The fire was big, but everyone w

2、as able to leave the building.2. gift / present gift: 常指送给团体、机构或个人的贵重的礼品，可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的东西； 赠送gift往往被看作慷慨的行为，一般没有回赠。 present: 多指因出于好心、礼貌、尊敬等原因，送给亲友的一般的具体的礼品，价值可高可低，往往有回赠。 e.g. I dont agree with her in buying children expensive gifts. He bought a wedding present for Joe.3. forget to do / forget doing

3、forget to do: 忘记做某事（这件事没做） e.g. Sorry I forgot to turn off the light. 注：forget 后还可接doing sth.: 忘记做过的事。 e.g. Have you forgotten meeting him before? 后面既能接to do又能接doing的动词还有：remember to do sth.记得要做某事，remember doing sth.:记得做过某事；stop to do sth.:停下来去干某事，stop doing sth.:停止做某事（停下不做了）； mean to do sth.:打算做某事，

4、mean doing sth.:意味着做某事；4. more than / more than more than：非常、不仅、超出 e.g. The film is more than interesting.She is more than a teacher, she is also our good friend. morethan: 与其倒不如 e.g. He is more a doctor than a teacher.She looks more like her father than her mother. 词组：no more than: 仅仅、只有， not more

5、than: 最多、不超过5. besides / except / except for besides: 除外，还（是介词），e.g. Besides some books, he also bought some clothes and shoes. except: 除外，其余的e.g. They all went to see the film except me. except for: 除去、若不是e.g. Except for some spelling mistakes, this passage is well written. The whole building looks

6、 old except for the windows.6. instead / instead of instead: (adv.)作为替代,（与句子连用，可放于句首或句尾）e.g. They didnt go dancing, instead they watched a football match on TV. He was ill, so I went to the meeting instead. instead of: 代替、而不是e.g. We played football instead of watching TV. Instead of doing his homewo

7、rk, he slept all day yesterday.7. compare A to B / compare A with B compare A to B: 把A比作B(用于比喻)e.g. Children are usually compared to flowers. compare A with B: 把A和B相比（用于比较）e.g If you compare this car with that one, youll find this one is better. compare notes：对笔记，交换意见8. select / choose select: 强调以客观

8、标准经过比较、仔细考虑后在许多中加以所进行的精心选择，e.g. After some time, the old lady selected the blue necklace. choose: 强调以主观的判断和意愿，在两个或两个以上中加以选择。e.g. Ive chosen them because of the colour.9. earn / gain / win / achieve earn: vt. 1)赚钱、挣得 earn money = make money；earn salary；earn ones bread / living 2)得到（名声、地位），获得；博得（名声、赞赏

9、）earn sb. sth.e.g. He earned his first fortune when he was in his 40s. She earned confidence again in her studies. This book earned her great fame. gain: vt. （指通过努力或奋斗而）得到、获得、赚得（钱），它的搭配能力很强，以下是常与它搭配的名词：gain experience / wealth / fame / happiness / an idea / an honour / full marks e.g. He gained weal

10、th through foreign trade. You should do your best to gain their respect. vt. 增加（速度、重量）e.g. The car is gaining speed. She eats and eats, trying to gain weight. My watch gains two minutes a day. win: vt. / vi. 1)赢、获胜 / 奖赏 / 名声，其宾语不能是“人”，而常是： win the race / game / the beauty contest / a war / a competi

11、tion / match / argument，e.g. She won the first prize in the English competition. Which side do your think will win the game?win sb. sth.：使某人获得了e.g. Hard work has won him the position of manager. achieve: 1）作“取得（胜利、成功）”、实现（目标、目的）解时，习惯和以下名词搭配： achieve victory / success / ambition / fame / aim / goal,

12、etc. e.g. Nothing in the world would keep me from achieving my ambition. 2) achieve还可以和a lot / much / a grat deal / little / nothing / anything / something连用。 e.g. He studies very hard and achieves a great deal. achievement：n. 成就，常用词组：make great achievements in10. run / operate run：（机器）开动/操作、经营/办（事业

13、）e.g. They ran the factory twenty-four hours a day. Who is running this restaurant? a state-run factory：一家国营工厂 operate：操作（机械）、使运转，经营、营运（公司、企业）e.g. Can you operate this computer? This company operates ten factories.11. continue / go on：继续 continue：既可接to do，又可接doing，意思一样，还可在后面直接接story 、article、 speech

14、、journey等名词作宾语。 e.g. The teacher continued (telling / to tell) the story. go on：1) go on doing sth.：继续干前面做过的事。 e.g. After a short break, they went on working in the fields. 2) go on to do sth.：（在做完了一件事后）接着干另一件事 e.g. After doing exercise I, please go on to do exercise II. The English class was over a

15、nd the students went on to have a PE class. 3) go on with sth.：指一度中止，后又继续，后面只接名词。 e.g. With the money he earned, he went on with his research. The students went on with their studies after a three-day holiday.12. faraway / far away faraway：adj. 遥远的, 作定语用。 e.g. a far away village, far away：adv. 远方，作状

16、语或表语。e.g. He lives far away. Our school is far away from here.II.重点词语和句型1. the entrance to：去的入口。to表示功能 e.g. key to the door, answers to the exercises, secretary to the manager,.2. inform：告知、通知 inform sb. of sth.：通知某人某事e.g. Have they informed you of the progress of the work? be well informed：消息灵通；kee

17、p sb. informed：随时向某人通报情况；inform oneself of sth.：使熟悉（了解）3. donate：捐赠、献出 donate sth. to sb.：把某物捐赠给某人 e.g. Five times he donated his blood to the patients. Half of his money is donated to charity.4. welcome：1）n. 欢迎、迎接e.g. The students gave us a warm welcome at the school gate. 2）vt./vi. 欢迎、迎接(welcomed,

18、 welcomed)e.g. I welcome any suggestions from you. The hostess welcomed us and led us to the sitting room. 3） adj. 受欢迎的 be welcomee.g. (You are) Welcome to China (our school). You are welcome to ask me questions on English study.5. had better do sth.：最好做某事 had better在英语里出现的频率较高，要掌握它的基本用法以及他的一般疑问句和反意

19、疑问句的构成。 e.g. You had better not go home now, hadnt you? Had he better stay here for supper? 比较：Its better to do A (than do B)：做A(比做B)更好 e.g. Its better to see a film than just sleep at home, isnt it?6. the more, the more：越，就越。注意：前半句是条件句，后半句是结果。e.g. The more you read, the better your compositon will

20、be. 相当于： If you read more, your composition will be better. The faster you drive, the more dangerous it will be.在口语中，我们常把这一句式进行简化e.g. The faster, the more dangerous. The sooner, the better.7. Upon finishing his studies upon/on: 一就，常用句式有：upon doing sth. / upon ones + n.相当于：as soon as sb.do sth.e.g. U

21、pon getting to Shanghai, he called me from the airport. On his return from abroad, he visited some of his friends. 区别：at也可以作“一就”解，但它后面只接名词作宾语。 e.g. The baby smiled at the sight of its mother. The students cheered at the good news.8. require: vt. 要求1) require sb. to do sth.: e.g The teacher required

22、us to listen carefully.2) Sth. require doing / to be done. = want / neede.g. The floor requires cleaning / to be cleaned 3) require that(should) do sth.e.g. She required that the boy be sent to school at once.9. regret: 1) regret (not) doing sth.: 后悔（没有）做，（一般指以前的事）e.g. How I regret not having taken

23、your advice! 2) regret to do sth.: 难过地（遗憾地），后面常接动词say, tell等。e.g. I regret to say that I dont agree with you. 象regret一样，后面既可接to do又可接doing 的动词还有：remember to do sth.：记住要做某事，remember doing sth.：记得做过某事； forget to do sth.：忘了做某事， forget doing sth.：忘记做过某事； try to do sth.：尽力做某事， try doing sth.：试着做某事； stop

24、to do sth.：停止去做某事， stop doing sth.：停止做某事；mean to do sth.：打算做某事，mean doing sth.：意味着做某事10. German：德国人、德语，当解释“德国人”时，直接加s构成复数，不是把man改成men。常见的这类此还有：RomanRomans；humanhumans；WalkmanWalkmans；等等。11. introduce：vt. 向（某人）介绍、引见（某人）introduce sb.( to sb.)e.g. Would you please introduce yourself to us? 把（新事物）引进、引入

25、introduce sth. into / to a placee.g. Many advanced technologies are introduced into/ to Chna every year. 引导（人）认识（某物） introduce sb. to sth.e.g. That art exhibition introduced me to modern art. introduction：n. make an introduction：作介绍；make a self introduction：做自我介绍；an introduction to sth.：入门；a letter

26、of introduction：一封介绍信12. develop：vt. 发展、开发、使发达； e.g. We will do our best to develop our economy. Sports can develop mind and body. vt. 养成（习惯）、培养（兴趣） e.g. develop / form the habit of：养成的习惯；develop an interest (of)：培养兴趣；a developed country：一个发达国家；a developing country：一个发展中国家13. display：vt. 陈列、展示，displ

27、ay sth.= exhibit sth. e.g. display some pictures / ones work vt. 流露出（感情等）= showe.g. She displayed no fear at all when facing difficulty. n. 展示、陈列e.g. be on display：展示中； a display of：的展出 out of display：为了夸耀14. approve：vt. / vi. 赞成、支持，同意、批准e.g. I quite approve (of) you idea of holding a meeting. We do

28、nt at all approve (of) your going with them . approval：n. e.g. You should get their approval before you can leave.15. serve：1) vt. 为服务e.g. Serve the people. He has served the family all his life.I have served the students as an English teacher for many years.2) vi. 服役 e.g. How long have you served i

29、n my army? 3) vt. 供应、端（饭、菜、茶等）e.g. This restaurant serves nice food and dishes. Usually tea is serves before a meal. service：n. 服务16. make sure：vt. / vi. 确定、弄明白、妥帖1）+ (that) 从句。 e.g. Please make sure that the door is locked before you leave. He went and made sure that she had returned.2) + of + n. e

30、.g. Youd better make sure of the time of the film. Ive made sure of your seats on the plane.sure的短语有：be sure of / about：对肯定、有把握；be sure to do：务必、一定要做； for sure：必定、一定，= surely e.g. He is ill for sure.17. available: adj. 可以找到、得到 e.g. The dress is available in all sizes. There is no water available in

31、60 kilometers. be available for ：对有用e.g. No dictionary here is available for my study. There is only a little money available for the trip.18. be open to：向开放；易接受e.g. The park is open to public on Sundays. This museum is open to students free. Is the shop open or closed? Im open to any kind advice.II

32、I. 语法点拨：定语从句（2）a. 以下情况(指物时), 关系代词只使用that不用which1. 先行词是不定代词时,如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, the one, little, few, much e.g. 1. I have never taken anything that is hers. 2.I told him all that I know. 3.He gave her everything that he had. 4.She has something that you can borrow. 5.Th

33、ere is not much that can be done.2. 先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, just the等修饰时 e.g. 1.I have read all the books that you gave me. 2.You can take any book that you like. 3.Every dictionary that our library bought is good. 4.This is the very book that I want to find. 5.The flower is the onl

34、y thing that I will take with me.3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时: e.g. 1. This is the best book that I have ever read. 2. The first class that he gave was very interesting. 3. The second place that I want to visit is Shanghai. 4. The most important thing that you should remember is to try your best.4. 先行词既有人又

35、有物时: e.g. 1.We talked about the persons and things that we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found.5. 在Who, Which引起的疑问句中: e.g. 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book that you bought yesterday?b. 当先行词为指人的代词时, 引导词只用wh

36、o 不用that e.g. 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. Do you mean the one who is standing by the window? 4. He, who has failed in the test, must do it again.IV巩固练习：1. That is the only book _ he has borrowed from the library this

37、term . A. which B. that C. whom D. what 2. All _ is needed is plenty of time. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which3. Is there anything else _ you want to buy? A. which B. that C. who D. what4. Finally the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen. A. that B. which C. whatever D. all5. This is th

38、e very book _ I want to borrow. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C6. He is the only person _ I want to see. A. that B. who C. / D. all the above7. Every machine _ we bought is very useful. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C8. You can take any seat _ is free. A. which B. where C. that D. in which9. He is

39、 my best friend _ Ive ever made. A. that B. who C. whose D. A and B10.There is not much _ can be done. A. that B. which C. / D. A and C11. The waves were high, but he had a branch in hand, so he _reach the band. A. couldB. was able toC. mightD. had to12. I regret _ about it, so I went to ask him again. A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. being told13. I asked him to give me a hand, but he, _ , caused me much trouble. A. insteadB. instead ofC. in steadD. in stead of14. She came, _ the news. A. informing