英语本科毕业设计

1、本科毕业论文（设计）题目：题目：application of yan fus translation theory in translation of traditional chinese medical terms严复的翻译理论在中医术语翻译中的应用严复的翻译理论在中医术语翻译中的应用姓姓 名：名： 刘刘 双双 双双 学学 号：号： 0810105121108101051211 专业班级：专业班级： 0808 英语本科（英语本科（2 2）班）班 二级学院：二级学院： 外国语学院外国语学院 指导老师：指导老师： 王王 永永 娣娣 完成时间：完成时间： 20122012 年年 5 5 月月 1

2、010 日日 ii教务处制application of yan fus translation theory in translation of traditional chinese medical terms written by: liu shuangshuangsupervised by: wang yongdia thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of bachelor of arts in english to theschool of foreign languagesan

3、hui xinhua universitymay, 2012iacknowledgementsi have benefited a lot during my writing of this thesis, which owes a lot to my tutor, miss wang yongdi. to begin with, i show great thanks to her intellectual inculcation and warm encouragement, which motivates me to finish this paper to a certain degr

4、ee; then i am indebted to her industrious attitude, for she often stays up late to correct the paper, and does anything according to her plan; at last, her keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study.with her help, a complete thesis is fin

5、ally completed through my efforts; and moreover, i also give my gratitude to my classmates, parents, and other teachers from the school of foreign languages of xinhua university, who have spirited me up, for their great support.iiapplication of yan fus translation theory in translation of traditiona

6、l chinese medical termsabstract from 1980s, tcm has become gradually hot in the world along with the reform and opening. a lot of chinese medicine literature has been translated, and tcm has been introduced to foreign countries. so there are more and more people to be specialized in translating tcm

7、both in domestic and foreign countries. during the practice of translation, the translation of chinese medicine terms is the core. in recent years, despite more and more scholars have realized the importance of translating chinese medical terms, however, it lacks a uniform standardization in the tra

8、nslation of tcm terms for various reasons. this article first reviewed the current situation and existing problems of translation of traditional chinese medical terms. in the light of the lack of standardization in translation of tcm terms, the author analyzed the components of yan fus translation t

9、heory faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance and the feasibility of this theory in the practice.key words: translation theory; traditional chinese medicine terms; applicationiii严严复的翻复的翻译译理理论论在中医在中医术语术语翻翻译译中的中的应应用用摘摘 要要20 世纪 80 年代以来，伴随着改革开放的不断深入，世界中医热开始升温，大量的中医药文献被翻译、介绍到国外，国内外涌现了许多研究中医翻译的专业人员。中医翻译实践中

10、，中医术语的翻译是一个核心。近些年来，尽管越来越多的学者已经意识到了中医术语翻译的重要性，然而由于种种原因，目前中医术语的翻译还缺乏一个统一的标准，不够规范化。因此，此论文探讨中医术语翻译的现状和存在问题,并且针对目前中医术语翻译缺乏规范性和标准的现象,分析严复的翻译理论“信、达、雅”的具体含义，进而提出和分析严复的“信、达、雅”翻译标准用于指导中医术语翻译的可行性。 关键词关键词: 翻译理论；中医术语；应用ivcontentsacknowledgements.iabstract in english.iiabstract in chinese.iiichapter one introduct

11、ion.11.1 background .1 1.2 research rationale and objective.2chapter two literature review.3chapter three theoretical framework43.1 introduction to yan fus translation theory.43.1.1 main idea.43.1.2 integrity.53.2 study of yan fus translation theory.63.2.1 from essence of translation.63.2.2 from pra

12、ctice of translation.6chapter four application of yan fus translation theory in translation of tcm terms.8 4.1 features of tcm terms.8 4.2 application of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.9 4.2.1 application of faithfulness.9 4.2.2 application of vexpressiveness.11 4.2.3 application of elega

13、nce.13 4.3 summary.15chapter five conclusion.16bibliography.171chapter one introduction1.1 background from 1980s, tcm has become hot in the world along with the reform and opening. a lot of chinese medicine literature has been translated, and tcm has been introduced to foreign countries. so there ar

14、e more and more people to be specialized in translating tcm both in domestic and foreign countries. during the practice of translation, the translation of chinese medicine terms is the core. in recent years, despite more and more scholars have realized the importance of tcm terms, however, it lacks

15、a uniform standardization in the translation of tcm terms for various reasons. in the current study, there are three common situations in the translation of tcm. one is that most of the translators could not create a new group of translation terms, so they just use western academic terms to express

16、the concept of tcm. the second situation is that some of the translators did not consider the standardization of translation, but create translation terms in accordance with their own understanding. the third situation is that some translators use the same word or phrase to translate the terminology

17、 for different concepts in order to blindly pursuit the uniform translation.1.2 research rationale and objective although there were many previous researches on the application of translation theory in the translation of tcm terms, few introduced the theory systematically. this thesis is from the pe

18、rspective of yan fus translation theory to guide the translation of tcm terms. and yan fus translation theory has three components, namely, faithfulness (信), be true to the original works in spirit; expressiveness (达), be accessible to the target reader, in other words, the translator should use the

19、 common and fluent language to make sure that his translation can be understood completely and easily by readers; and elegance (雅), be in the language the target reader accepts 2as being educated, that is, be attractive to the target reader in style. with the analysis of the tcm terms translation, b

20、oth the readers and learners will obtain a new perspective of appreciating or evaluating tcm. only in that way can we broaden the application of yan fus translation theory, achieve the best correlation between the original and the translation, thereby achieving the goals of cross-cultural communicat

21、ion.3chapter two literature review traditional chinese medicine (tcm), one of the most excellent traditional culture of the chinese nation, has formed an unique theoretical system for thousands of years of medical practice, and has become a flower in the field of world medicine science, especially i

22、n the treasure-house of the world traditional medicine.british scholar, nigel wiseman, is one of the representatives of the translation of tcm terms in western. for many years, he devoted to the translation of tcm terms and its international standardization, and had a lot of works, for example, chin

23、ese-english dictionary of chinese medicine, which was far-reaching. he raised a popularization of the tcm series of terms, and proceeded with bold innovation and exploration. his translation study has been controversial and concerned all the time. but his thought had a greater influence on the pract

24、ice and the development of international standardization of tcm terms translation.at home, many researchers have conducted similar research into yan fus translation theory and the translation of tcm terms. since yan fu，the modem enlightenment thinker and translator, put forward the three difficultie

25、s in authorship things, the discussion of the translation criteria, surrounded by the comments of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, has been off and on. in the field of translation, each airs his own views. the scholars all express their own intelligent views. among them, there are some peo

26、ple who support his theory, while such people against him are not rare, and they think the theory is out of date. li zhaoguo, the director of the center of shanghai foreign language university of traditional chinese medicine, thinks that traditional chinese medicine is different from the western med

27、icine, because its humanistic medicine, not pure technology product. western medicine deals with equipment and sheets, while the traditional chinese medicine pays attention to communication with people.all in all, the translation circle at home and abroad has already made some surveys on tcm. 4 chap

28、ter three theoretical framework3.1 introduction to yan fus translation theory in the translation theory, the greatest contribution of yan fu is the faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance theory, which is mentioned in the comments on evolution and ethics. his theory has spread up to now in circles

29、 of culture and translation and it can be said that until now there has not a theory on translation, whether in domestic or in foreign, which can have such a lasting and extensive influence. of course, there are a lot of criticism and discussions about the theory. because of his very short narrative

30、, many people have different understanding in the three words as a translation principle. opinions differ from each other. in order to radically reform, a more comprehensive interpretation will be given on the basic of the origin of the comments on evolution and ethics. comments on evolution and eth

31、ics begins with 译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。 and its translation is, the translation work has three difficulties, namely faithfulness, faithful to the original, expressiveness, elegance, that is the level of word must be high. in fact, it is not easy to follow the principle of faithfulness,

32、 but if only pay attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignore the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so the principle of expressiveness should be paid equal attention. 3.1.1 main idea comments on evolution and ethics is equivalent to the preface of modern translat

33、ion, which shows the principle and translation purpose that the translator follows in the book, so that it becomes easier for readers to read. the main points expressed in this article are as follows. first, the translator should follow the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness 5and elegance, wh

34、ich is the standard of translation. second, the principle of faithfulness is the most important. the most basic requirement of faithfulness is faithful to the original both in the content and in the form. but the translator often has to give up faithfulness to the form, in order to pursuit faithfuln

35、ess to the content. third, the principle of expressiveness is that when the translator translates, he should express the content of the original well, so as to make the readers fully understand the nature of the original. and as long as the translator follows the principle of expressiveness, we can

36、say that the principle of faithfulness also be followed. fourth, in addition to following the principle of expressiveness, the translation should also follow the principle of elegant, which is required to emphasize rhetoric and ask for polish, whose reasons are that, one is in order to widely receiv

37、e the readers recognition and cherish as much as possible, the other is to follow the principle of elegant. 3.1.2 integritythe above section is about the main idea of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, this section will study the integrity of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.yan fu

38、thought that the three parts of the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance are an integrity and they closely contact with each other and are dependent on each other. however, there is a relative progression in all three, namely, the principle of faithfulness is the most important, but i

39、f the translator only pays attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignores the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so on this occasion the principle of expressiveness should be paid more attention. and the principle of elegant serves for the principle of expressivene

40、ss. it is very important to have a good knowledge of the integrity of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, because the theory of 6faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance as a whole is accorded with the nature of translation, which has its scientific value, although it is not a complete and s

41、ystemic theory. 3.2 study of yan fus translation theory whether the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, as the guiding principle of translating or standard of evaluating translation work, is right or wrong, is determined by whether it accords with the nature of translation and the p

42、rocess of translating. therefore, this section will discuss from the following two aspects.3.2.1 from essence of translationafter all, the most practical, specific and urgent question translation involves is to the understanding of the original and then express in the target language, so it is natur

43、al to think the essence of translation is interlingual meaning conversion(peter newmark, 1990).lots of practical experience of translation indicates the reason for the generation and development of translation is the communication between people who speak different languages and have different cultu

44、ral backgrounds. so exchange and communication are the overall aim and purpose of translation. any information which has no communication function is useless at all, so the universal demand of translation is that the translation message must be easy to be understood and accepted, in order to play a

45、role in communication and propaganda education. it can be said that, without communication, there is no translation. therefore, translation is not only a linguistic activity, but also a communication activity, even it is mainly the communication activity.3.2.2 from practice of translation the above

46、section has explored the rationality of faithfulness, expressiveness 7and elegance, and this section will observe and study the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance from the process of translating.at all times and in all over the world, from the perspective of many translators experie

47、nce and research of chinese and foreign translation experts and linguists, the process of translating generally includes three stages, namely, having a good knowledge of the original, expressing well in the translation and perfecting the translation.the principle of faithfulness actually means under

48、standing stage, because only having a good and deep knowledge of the original, it can say that follow the principle of faithfulness. yan fu also specifically pointed out three common mistakes easy to make in the first stage, namely, scratching the surface of the original, making biased understanding

49、 and few people debating. if the translator makes one of the three mistakes, he will not be able to follow the principle of faithfulness, needless to say the principle of expressiveness. yan fu thought that the principle of faithfulness and the principle of expressiveness are mutual conditions, ther

50、es no doubt that the principle of faithfulness is the most important, but if the translator only pays attention to the principle of faithfulness and ignores the principle of expressiveness, then the translation is in vain, so in this case the principle of expressiveness should be paid more attention

51、. in other words, even though the translator has a good knowledge of the original, he doesnt know how to express or does not realize his expression is not so good, then the understanding is in vain for the translator. and it is consistent with the analysis of the relationship between the two phases.

52、 in addition, yan fu also thought that the translation should not only follow the principle of expressiveness, but also follow the principle of elegant, that is the third stage-perfecting the translation. and he attached great importance to this stage, in order to widely receive the readers recognit

53、ion and praise as much as possible, namely, so as to improve the readability and the acceptability of the translation by improving the level of words. thus it can be seen, the theory of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is 8the most refined summary of the requirements of the three stages of

54、translating.chapter four application of yan fus translation theory in translation of tcm terms as mentioned before, there are three common situations in the translation of tcm. in response to this phenomenon, the author believes that yan fus translation theory can be used to guide the translation of

55、 chinese terms, so as to improve the accuracy and standardization of the translation of tcm terms.4.1 features of tcm terms tcm is one of the treasures of human civilization, which has strong vitality from its unique theoretical system and exact clinical curative effect, because it is the only chine

56、se traditional science and technology that retains the most complete system to this date, and continues to develop with its own unique system all the time. the unique theory of tcm consists of its particular concepts, which are conveyed by the chinese medicine terminology constituted by chinese uniq

57、ue language. tcm term has its unique characteristics, but it is different from other science (most natural scientific terms of our country are from foreign countries and mainly are the translation of unified term), most of the tcm terms have formed in ancient, some even have a history of several tho

58、usand years and form their own term systems. tcm term has four features. now the author will list one by one. first, it has historic significance. because tcm formed in the ancient time, it must be of historic property. most terms are ancient chinese, sometimes some term is both word and words, such

59、 as 气; sometimes short sentences can be regarded as a word, such as 土克木, 肺生气 and 心开窍于舌; moreover, some terms may evolve from their ancient meanings to modern meanings, etc. second, it is of humanities. tcm is a discipline based on biology, blended with 9physics, chemistry and mathematics, and penetr

60、ated with humanistic philosophy. especially the humanistic philosophy has a direct influence on tcm terms, such as 阴阳(yin and yang), 五行(wood, fire, earth, metal and water), all of them have very strong taste of chinese traditional literature. third, its description is qualitative, rarely quantitativ