预防滑倒、绊倒、跌倒

1、Slips, Trips, and Falls PreventionSlips, Trips, and Falls Prevention滑倒、绊倒和跌倒的预防滑倒、绊倒和跌倒的预防Issue S T FIssue S T F问题问题 滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒跌倒STFs represents #1 cause of injury滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（跌倒（STF）是）是造成损伤的第造成损伤的第1原因原因STFs occur in any part of the workplace whether inside or outside. STF的发生会出现的发生会出现在室内外工作场所的任何

2、地方在室内外工作场所的任何地方STFs may result in serious outcomes STF可能导致严重后果可能导致严重后果STFs cost to both worker and employer can be great STF可以给雇员和雇主带来巨大的可以给雇员和雇主带来巨大的损失损失STFs is like stepping on money STF带来经济损失带来经济损失To Worker对对雇员雇员而言：而言：To Employer对对雇主雇主而言：而言：Pain疼痛lost wages损失薪水temporary or permanent disability暂时或

3、永久性残疾reduced quality of life生活质量减低Depression沮丧消沉loss in productivity and business生产和业务受损increased industrial insurance premiums工伤保险费用升高costs associated with training replacement worker与培训替代雇员有关的成本cost of medical treatment医疗成本Slip滑倒滑倒绊倒绊倒TripDefinition of STFDefinition of STF滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（跌倒（STFSTF）的

4、定义）的定义When your foot (or lower leg) hits an object and your upper body continues moving, throwing you off balance.当你的脚部（或小腿）碰到一个物体，而你的上身继续移动时，你会失去平衡。Occurs when you are too far off your center of balance.当你距离自身的平衡中心点过远时，你会跌倒。 When you step down unexpectedly to a lower surface (Misstep) and lose your

5、 balance, e.g., stepping off a curb.当你突然踏空（失足）并失去平衡时，比如，在道牙上踏空。When there is too little friction or traction between your feet (footwear) and the walking or working surface, and you lose your balance.当你的脚部（鞋）与行走或工作的路面之间的摩擦力或牵引力过小时，你因此失去平衡。Trip绊倒绊倒Definition of STF Friction: The resistance encountere

6、d when an object (foot) is moved in contact with another (ground). Friction is necessary in order to walk without slipping. STF摩擦力摩擦力的定义：一个物体（脚部）与另一个物体（地面）接触并在该物体上移动时产生的阻力。摩擦力是平稳行走的必要因素。Fall跌倒跌倒Common types of STF Injuries:Common types of STF Injuries:滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒造成的常见伤害类型：跌倒造成的常见伤害类型： Sprains, str

7、ains 扭伤、拉伤扭伤、拉伤 Bruises, contusions 瘀伤、挫伤瘀伤、挫伤 Fractures 骨折骨折 Abrasions, lacerations 擦伤、破口擦伤、破口Commonly affected Body Parts:Commonly affected Body Parts:容易受伤的身体部位：容易受伤的身体部位： Knee, Ankle, Foot 膝盖、踝部、脚部膝盖、踝部、脚部 Wrist, Elbow 手腕、肘部手腕、肘部 Back 后背后背 Shoulder 肩膀肩膀 Hip 髋部髋部 Head 头部头部According to the U. S. De

8、partment of Labor, slips, trips, and falls make up the majority of general industry accidents.根据美国劳工部的数据，滑倒、绊倒和跌倒占一般工伤事故的大部分。25% of reported claims per fiscal year are due to STF在每财年的上报索赔记录中，25%与滑倒、绊倒和跌倒有关。Over 17% of all disabling work injuries are the result of falls在所有导致残疾的工伤中，超过17%是由跌倒造成的。Human

9、Factors Increasing the Risk of Human Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and FallsSlips, Trips and Falls增加滑倒、绊倒增加滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生的人为因素跌倒发生的人为因素Factors of STF导致滑倒、绊倒&跌倒的因素Health and physical condition can impair a persons vision, judgment, and balance.健康和身体状况会影响一个人的视觉、判断力和平衡性-Eyesight, visual perce

10、ption视力、视觉感知-Age年龄-Physical state, fatigue身体状况、疲劳-Stress, illness压力、疾病-Medications, alcohol, drug药物治疗、饮酒、吸毒Behaviours actions you choose and control can contribute to a slip, trip, and fall injury if you set yourself up for one.行为 如果你马虎大意，那么你选择和支配的行为将会导致滑倒、绊倒和跌倒损伤。Carrying or moving cumbersome objec

11、ts, or too many objects, that obstruct your view impair your balance and prevent you from holding onto handrails 手提或搬动笨重的物品或过多物品会妨碍你的视野，影响你的平衡并使你无法扶着扶手。Poor housekeeping (allowing clutter to accumulate, not maintaining clean dry floors, etc.)不合格的环境整洁状况（使混乱状态不断加重，未能保持地面的干净和干爽等）Using improper cleaning

12、 methods (e.g., incorrectly using wax or polish; or trying to clean up grease spill with water)使用不当的清洁方法（如，不当使用蜡或上光剂；或试图用水来清洗油脂溢出物）Not using signage when slip or trip hazards exist当滑倒或绊倒危险存在时，没有使用标志牌Inattentive Behavior: walking, distractions (e.g., using cell phone, talking and not watching where y

13、oure going, etc.)分散精力的行为：走路时分散注意力的行为（如，打电话、走路时与人交谈及没有注意观察等）Taking shortcuts; not using walkways or designated, cleared pathways; being in a hurry, rushing around抄近路：未使用通道或指定的无障碍物路径；匆忙赶路Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and FallsTrips and Falls滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊

14、倒&跌倒发生增加的因素跌倒发生增加的因素 Clutter混乱的环境混乱的环境 Not Paying Attention马虎大意马虎大意Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Fallsand Falls令滑倒、绊倒令滑倒、绊倒&跌倒风险增加的因素跌倒风险增加的因素 Not Paying Attention马虎大意马虎大意Improper Method of Carrying Items不当搬运物品不当搬运物品 Other common hazards

15、to Look out ForOther common hazards to Look out For 警惕其他常见的危险警惕其他常见的危险Factors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Falls contdFactors Increasing the Risk of Slips, Trips and Falls contd 滑倒、绊倒滑倒、绊倒&跌倒风险增加的因素（续）跌倒风险增加的因素（续）HousekeepingHousekeeping环境整洁环境整洁 Close file cabinet or storage drawers关上文件柜或

16、抽屉 Report cables/wires that cross walkway报告出现在通道上的电缆/电线 Keep working areas and walkways well lit and clear保持工作场所和通道的良好照明及清洁情况 Report burned out bulbs报告灯泡短路 Be aware of your surroundings and report any perceived danger留心周围的物品，报告潜在的危险Housekeeping DONTsHousekeeping DONTs环境整洁环境整洁 避免避免-Prop fire doors op

17、en. 长时间打开防火门 Store materials in stairwells. 在楼梯间存放物品-Store trash cans in front of doorway. 将垃圾桶摆放在门口-Use cinderblock to prop open the doors. 为保持门的敞开状态而用炉渣砖抵住门-Use chair to block an emergency cut-off valve. 用椅子挡住紧急切断阀-Place chairs in dangerous areas. For example, the chair in the picture could repres

18、ent a struck against hazard. Someone could sit in the chair, and strike their head on the pipe and valve behind it. 将椅子放在危险区域。比如，图片中的椅子可能是导致碰撞的危险因素。坐在椅子上的人可能将头撞到身后的管子和阀门上。-This chair could also encourage smoking in the stairwell. 这把椅子也可能增加人们在楼梯间吸烟的几率。 Slip, Trip and Fall HazardSlip, Trip and Fall Ha

19、zard滑倒、绊倒和跌倒危险滑倒、绊倒和跌倒危险PROBLEM问题 Slip: if it is wet outside and the mat is folded back, then the floor is getting wet instead of the mat absorbing the water.滑倒：如果户外潮湿而垫子翻卷，那么垫子就无法起到吸水的作用，地面也会随之变得潮湿。Trip: the mat is folded back and someone could catch their foot on the mat and trip.绊倒：因为垫子翻卷，有人可能将脚刮

20、到垫子并因此绊倒。Fall: both a wet floor and caught foot could contribute to a fall. 跌倒：潮湿的地面和脚刮到垫子的情况都可能导致跌倒的发生。Can you identify the hazardCan you identify the hazard你能发现危险吗你能发现危险吗This slide represents a trip hazard. Here you can see an electrical cord in the middle of the walkway. This cord is plugged into an electrical outlet.本页显示出一个绊倒风险。图片中，一条电线横在通道的中间。这条电线插在插座中。 Contact Facilities Management to rearrange the room so that the piece of equipment is close to the outlet or have an additional outlet installed.联系设施管理部门来重新安排房间的布局，使这台设备紧靠插座或者安装额外的插座。 If there is no way to rearrange the room or