to do用法 复习

1、动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一. 动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形加动词原形构成 肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 被动式被动式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done 其否定式在to前加not三三. 动词不定式动词不定式的的功能功能 动词动词不定式不定式有有名词，形容词和副词的名词，形容词和副词的特征特征，因此在句中可，因此在句中可作作主语、宾语主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾、表语、定语、宾补、状语补、状语等成份。等成份。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is fool

2、ish.I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补(1)作主语作主语 位置：位置：不定式不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前之前。意义：不定式作主语意义：不定

3、式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：注：常用常用it作作形式形式主语，将主语，将to do放放在在谓语谓语之后之后，使句子保持平衡。，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour to get there by bus.句型句型2：Its + n. + to doIts our duty to help the poor. It is a great enjoyment

4、to spend our holiday in the mountains.句型句型3：It s + adj. for/of sb. to do sth.1) It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.2) It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.（adj. 是是形容事物的性质的形容事物的性质的 ）（adj. 是是形容人的品质的形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your bir

5、thday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.(2)作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.He agreed to get someone to help us. A: 常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：常见接不定式作宾

6、语的动词有：decide/determine, learn, want, wish/hope/expect; 决定学会想希望决定学会想希望refuse, manage, care, pretend; 拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装offer, promise, choose, plan; 主动答应选计划主动答应选计划agree, ask/beg, help;同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮happen, intend, prepare; 碰巧打算准备碰巧打算准备order, afford, fail 命令能做未做的命令能做未做的事事cant wait to/make up ones mind to/

7、used to /want would like to do迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的事事need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做 A: 常见接不定式作宾语的动词有：常见接不定式作宾语的动词有： 决定决定学会想希望学会想希望 拒绝拒绝设法愿假装设法愿假装 主动主动答应选计划答应选计划 同意同意请求帮一帮请求帮一帮 碰巧碰巧打算准备打算准备 命令命令能做未做的能做未做的事事迫不及待迫不及待下决心做过去常常想做的下决心做过去常常想做的事事B: 疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 作作 作动词（词组）作动词（词组）t

8、ell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out等的宾语时，等的宾语时，不定式前常带引导词不定式前常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但等，但why后加不带后加不带to的不定式的不定式，构成，构成动词（词组）动词（词组）+疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式的结的结构。注意：此用法中的构。注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保不定式的逻辑主语需与句子的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从持一致，否则用宾语从。

9、 1) He taught us how to use the tool.= He taught us how he used the tool. 2) No one could tell me where to get the book. 3) I hope youll advise me what to do. 4) I dont know how to get there. 5) I havent decided whether to go or stay. 6) Can you tell me why do it? _特殊词精讲特殊词精讲:to do doing remember fo

10、rget (do在后在后) 要做要做（do在前）做过在前）做过stop go on （两个字）两件事（两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事（一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性一次性 长期长期 try 尽力做尽力做 尝试做尝试做 startbegin一样一样 一样一样 1) stop doing/to do1) stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，停下来去做另一件事， stop doing停止正在做的某事停止正在做的某事。Eg: 他们停下来吸烟。他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke. 我必须戒烟了我必须戒烟了 I must stop s

11、moking.2) forget 2) forget doing/to dodoing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事，忘记要去做某事， forget doing忘记做过某事。忘记做过某事。Eg： 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作没有做关灯的动作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off. 3)

12、try doing/ to do 3) try doing/ to do sthsth. .try to do sth. 努力努力, 尽力做某事尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事试着做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.4) remember doing/to do4) remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事记得去做某事 remember doing记得做过某事记得

13、做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?5) go on doing/to do5) go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。继续做原来做的事。Eg： 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished

14、 his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What cau

15、sed him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him.obligeoblige 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：口诀：请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某事encourage sb. t

16、o do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命

17、令某人做某事1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如：来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还外，常见的还有：有

18、：adviseallowcause encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等等特别注意：特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。等没有宾补。_ 省略省略to的情况的情况:She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go1)使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看使役动词和感

19、官动词后：一感二听三让四看2) 最好最好(不不)做做3) 为什么不做为什么不做?4) help sb.（to）do sth.5) 宁愿做宁愿做6) would you please do sth. 7) 情态动词情态动词+do8) 助动词助动词+do不定式动词在不定式动词在介词介词 后面后面时，如果这些介词时，如果这些介词之前之前有有 的的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定不定式式 ，否则要否则要带带to。She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice

20、but to gofeel, hear/listen to, let/make/have, look at/see/watch/ noticehad better （not）do sth. why not /why dont you do sth.Would rather do sth. but，except，besides行为动词行为动词do省略省略to除了哭，她什么也不能做。除了哭，她什么也不能做。 除了游泳，你还喜欢干什么除了游泳，你还喜欢干什么?除了离开我别无选择。除了离开我别无选择。前有前有do, 后省后省to.4. it作形式宾语作形式宾语I find/feel to work w

21、ith him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用itit作形式作形式宾语。宾语。 主语主语+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+ adj /n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ g

22、o?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day._1)不定式修饰的名词前有不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，not a，序数，序数词词(first, second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与与其其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。He was the last one

23、 to leave school yesterday. 不定式可作定语:2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。词。I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。（介词with不能省略）3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.4) 4) 有些名词的同根词跟不定式，

24、因此他们也常跟不定式作定语，有些名词的同根词跟不定式，因此他们也常跟不定式作定语，如：如：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, failure, ability,chanceability,chance等。等。 I have no chanceI have no chance to go there. to go there._但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place, 或或

25、way时，不定式后面的介词习惯性省去。时，不定式后面的介词习惯性省去。 He had no place to live. 5) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的而名词或代词时不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定的而名词或代词时不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词。式后面需要有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live in. Please give me a knife to cut with He is looking for a room to live in (5)作状语作状语表示

26、目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him(目的目的) (原因原因)(结果结果) (条件条件)1). 目的状语目的状语: 可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末, 前面可加前面可加in order/so as / soas to表强调表强调. He went to see the artist him

27、self. He ran so fast as to get to school in time2). 结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。结构中。The question is too difficult to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.3). 原因状语原因状语: 主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+ to do表表感情的感情的adj.有有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious (忧虑忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong.Im very sorry to see you.He was afraid to leave him home._动词不定式的时态和语态总结动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。语