定语从句-限定性

1、1) , who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. （Line 2）2) which he described as“The greatest palace that ever was” （Line 13）3) which were not available in Europe at that time . （Line16）4) who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. （Line 27）5) which became one of the best selling books in Europ

2、e.（Line 30）6) to which he replied, “I have only told half of what I saw!” （Line 35） Which of the clauses give: information to identify the persons/objects? extra information about a person or a thing, which can be left out? 1) , who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. （Line 2）2) which he described

3、as “The greatest palace that ever was” （Line 13）3) which were not available in Europe at that time . （Line16）4) who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. （Line 27）5) which became one of the best selling books in Europe.（Line 30）6) to which he replied, “I have only told half of what I saw!” （

4、Line 35） Observe the two groups of sentences carefully. Can you find the difference between them ? 2) 3) 4) 1) 5) 6) There is a comma before the clause. No comma before the clause.1) The old man that you met at the school gate is a professor. The old man is a professor, who is over 80 years old.2) T

5、he temple which we visited last week dates from Song Dynasty. The temple, which is a place of interest in our hometown, dates from Song dynasty.n 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常

6、去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开用逗号分开.n 例如：例如：This is the house which we bought last month. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. Summary类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式引导词引导词限制性限制性定语从定语从句句起限定作用起限定作用,若省略若省略,原原句意义不完句意义不完整整修饰先修饰先行词行词通常紧接先通常紧接先行词后行词后,无无逗号逗号a. 作宾语时可省略。作宾语时可省略。b. 可用可用that.c.可用可用who 代替代替whom非限制

7、非限制性定语性定语从句从句补充说明补充说明,若省去若省去,不不影响句意影响句意修饰先修饰先行词或行词或整句整句有逗号与主有逗号与主句隔开句隔开a.作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。b. 不用不用thatc. 不用不用who 代替代替whom1. 限制性定语从句修饰前面的名词，使其有别于其他同类名词，可以清楚表达所修饰名词的特征。告诉我这件事的那个人没有告诉我他的姓名。The man who told me this didnt tell me his name.他弄出的响声把大家都吵醒了。The noise that he made woke everybody up.2. 非限制性定语从句

8、位于名词之后，不做限定性描述，仅作说明和补充。彼得开了整整一天车，他建议在下一个城镇停留。Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.她送给我这本词典，这是她在书店买的。She gave me this dictionary, which she had bought in the bookshop.3.在限制性定语从句中，如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。1. The letter which/that I receiv

9、ed was from Ben.2. They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.3. In the dark street, there wasnt a person to whom she could turn for help.1. 史密斯先生去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。史密斯先生去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 Mr.Smith, who used to be my teacher, retired last year. 2. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

10、This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3.他没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。他没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。 He didnt understand what I meant, which greatly upsets me. ConclusionConclusionn当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。制性的。n非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词行词, , 对

11、其进行修饰对其进行修饰, , 这时从句谓语动词这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。要用第三人称单数。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句引导词的选择引导词的选择 His mother, loves him very much, is strict with him.他的妻子，你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。他的妻子，你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。 His wife, you met at my home, was a teacher. （1）先行词指人）先行词指人,在从句中作主语，引导词用在从句中作主语，引导词用who:who（2）先行词指人）先行词指人,在句中作宾语在句中作宾语whom: who

12、m他的妈妈很爱他他的妈妈很爱他,对他也很严格。对他也很严格。1.1.关系代词关系代词whomwhom在在限制性限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用定语从句中作宾语时可用whowho代替代替whomwhom，但但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用可用whowho来代替来代替。This is the girl _ I met in the street. A young man had a new girl friend, _ he wanted to impress. whomwhom/who/that注意：无论先行词指人或者指物注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语在

13、句中作主语或者作宾语，或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用能用that和和why，要用，要用for which代替代替why. （3）先行词指物）先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语which: 那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫叫Kate。 The girl, name is Kate, is the top of the students in our school. 封面是红色的那本书是我的。封面是红色的那本书是我的。 The book, cover is red, is mine. whos

14、ewhose（4）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引引导词都用导词都用whose: 运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。 The sports meeting will be put off till next month， we will have made all the preparations.第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。 The next day we arrived in New York, _ we were in

15、terviewed on the radio. when（5）先行词在句中作时间状语用）先行词在句中作时间状语用when：（6）先行词在句中作地点状语用）先行词在句中作地点状语用where：where（7）如果先行词作介词的宾语）如果先行词作介词的宾语 先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词whom 先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词which 他熟悉的那个女孩是排球运动员。他熟悉的那个女孩是排球运动员。 The girl, _ he is familiar, is a volleyball player. 第二次世界大战造成数百

16、万人的死亡，于第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束年结束。 The Second World War, _ millions of people were killed, ended in 1945. with whomin which（7）补充： 在非限制性定语从句中, all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词n 如先行词指人则用whom，n 如先行词指物则用which引导从句。 1. He has told us many stories, all of _ are about t

17、he famous Long Match.2. The students of Class 1, some of _ came from America, went camping yesterday.whichwhomMore practice1.这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都去过长城。这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都去过长城。 The old man has two sons, both of whom have been to the Greet Wall.2.我有两本故事书，没有一本是马克我有两本故事书，没有一本是马克.吐温写的。吐温写的。 I have two story-books,

18、 neither of which was written by Mark twain.3.我班有我班有60个孩子，其中个孩子，其中40个是女孩。个是女孩。 There are sixty children in my class, forty of whom are girls.n which which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是整个引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是整个句子句子, ,它在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为它在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为“这一点这一点”, ,放在主句放在主句后后。n asas引导非限制性定语从句，用在引导非限制性定语从句，用在“suchsuch as”, a

19、s”, “the same “the same as”as”结构中，常译作结构中，常译作“像像一样一样的的”。as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句n As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)n He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)n As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整个句

20、子，作宾语，置于句首指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句首)n Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)As的用法的用法as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用但下列情况多用as：1. 当与当与such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I hav

21、e the same plan as you.2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正正象象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。等。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句句John has been working in the office for three hours.句句It made him tired. 句句Mary treats me just like a baby

22、.句句I cant bear it.John has been working in the office for three hours，which made him tired.Mary treats me just like a baby，which I cant bear.句句China is a developing country.句句It is known to all.句句We won the game.句句We all expected it As is known to all，China is a developing countryWe won the game，as

23、we expected.关系代词：关系代词：which / who / whom / whose / as 关系副词：关系副词：when / where非限制性定语从句中不用关系词非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that/why；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词Conclusionn 著名篮球球星将访问我们学校，他来自美国。著名篮球球星将访问我们学校，他来自美国。 The famous basketball star, who comes from America, will v

24、isit our school.n 西安是一座美丽的古城，我去年去过。西安是一座美丽的古城，我去年去过。 Xian, which I visited lat year, is a nice old city.n 他下个月会回来，那个时候他就完成学业了。他下个月会回来，那个时候他就完成学业了。 He will return next month, when he will have finished his studies.More practicen 我曾经学习过的学校，建于我曾经学习过的学校，建于30年前。年前。 The school, where I once studied, was b

25、uilt 30 years ago.n John说他一直在办公室工作，这是真的。说他一直在办公室工作，这是真的。 John said he had been working in the office, which is true.n 正如我们预料的一样，英国队赢得了足球比赛。正如我们预料的一样，英国队赢得了足球比赛。 As is expected, the England team won the football match.More practice1. 孙中山孙中山1912年成为中华民国年成为中华民国(the Republic of China)的总统，死于的总统，死于1925年。年。

26、 Sun Yat-sen, who became President of the Republic of China in 1912, died in 1925.2. 长江长达长江长达6000多千米，是世界第三长河流。多千米，是世界第三长河流。 The Yangtze river, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long , is the third longest river in the world.More Practice1. 那座房子在地震中幸存，它是一百多年前建造的。那座房子在地震中幸存，它是一百多年前建造的。 Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, survived in