英汉翻译lecture 19

1、LECTURE 19: CHAPTER 8 1 Comments on ex17 Translation of official documents Exercises I I COMMENTS ON EX17 (1)In some cases，intelligent people implementing intelligent polices are responsible for producing a “boomerang effect”; They actually create more of what ever it is they seek to reduce in the f

2、irst place. (2) The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of good-will. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies see

3、m instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会 酒吧等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses） now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity h

4、ouses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. (3) The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As

5、fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. ANALYSIS l 语段翻译研究的总体原则是“从大出着眼，从小

6、处着 手”Think globally, act locally l 确立语篇大情景，为正确理解和表达语段建立宏观 方向 (1)触发：人们有时一候很聪明，后续：采取一些 明智的政策，结局：效果适得其反； (2)触发：政府想减少年轻人的暴力死亡事件， 后续：立法提高饮酒年龄，结局：效果适得其反； (3)触发：政府试图减少非法毒品，后续：毒品 替代品变得更有竟争力，结局：效果适得其反。 l显化隐性小情景，提高译文粘连性和连贯性：段(3)中 居中的fields, confiscated, l调整小情景，增强译文的逻辑性和可读性：created the conditions for 但是，上述政策效果

7、适得其反，引发了更 多的校园暴力。以前，一些大学生在酒吧 和娱乐室喝酒，受到保安严密监视(更不用 说，老板们为保住买酒许可权而限制过度 饮酒)，而现在他们躲进联谊会和公寓，尽 情地饮酒，不再控制他们的行为。 政府试图减少非法毒品交易，但效果同样 适得其反。近年来，联邦政府已经非常成 功地减少了街头毒品交易，烧毁了很多毒 品种植地，没收了违禁品，结果街头毒品 价格暴涨，于是便宜的替代品开始在市场 上有竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换 品比被替代的毒品危害更大。 II STYLISTICS TRANSLATION stylistics practical writing literary writ

8、ing official document science report journalismad, etc 1 WHAT IS OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS? announcements declaration legal documents 2 FEATURES OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS uAccuracy “中外合资” “中外合作” Beginning in 1979, China began to explore several forms of flexible business arrangements， including countertrade，ex

9、port processing， equity joint ventures and contractual joint ventures (or co-production). u Standardization This contract, made as of the day of July 1，2012 by and between AA Co ,(hereinafter called Party A) and BB CO,LTD.，(hereinafter Called Party B). 本合同于二零一二年七月一日由AA公 司(以下简称甲方)与BB公司(以下简称乙 方)签定。 uO

10、FFICIALESE Lengthy Clumsy Heavy Cumbersome 当事人一方有另一方不能履行合同的确切 证据时，可以暂时中止履行合同，但是应 当立即通知另一方；当另一方对履行合同 提供了充分的保证时，应当履行合同。当 事人一方没有另一方不能履行合同的确切 证据，中止履行合同的，应当负违反合同 的责任。 （中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法第三章） u THE SPECIAL MEANINGS DERIVED FROM COMMON WORDS wordsCommon meanings Special meanings offer提供报盘 clean干净清洁（没有 附带纠纷的） f

11、uture将来期货 float漂备用金 3 Sample of contract This contract is made and entered into on the 15th of June, 2001 by and between Shanxi Coal Chemistry Co. Ltd, having its registered office in Jiexiu, Shanxi, China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller”), and Mitsubishi Corporation, having its registered offic

12、e in Tokyo, Japan ( h e r e i n a f t e r r e f e r r e d t o a s “Buyer”). 本合同由中国山西介休山西煤化有限 公司（下称“卖方”）与日本东京日本 三菱公司（下称“买方”）商定，于 2001年6月15日签订。 评论：合同文本属法律文件，译文必须 精确，风格要符合正式用语要求。上文 中两个被动语态的谓语动词分别译成意 思明确的两个谓语动词；两个分词短语 在译文中皆译为前置定语；但时间状语 的位置根据汉语习惯作了调整。（注意 原文词语的用法。） WHEREAS, Seller desires to sell to Buyer

13、 and Buyer desires to purchase from Seller the Commodity in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth hereunder. NOW, THEREFORE, it is mutually agreed as follows: 按照以下规定的各条款，卖方愿意向 买方销售、买方愿意自卖方购买所述商 品。 为此双方同意如下条款： 评论：上述合同用语中的连接词语与一 般意义有所不同，类似于现代汉语中的 文言口吻，以保持其风格的严肃性和意 义的准确性。另外注意，上一页注明简 称的“卖方”

14、和“买方”两个说法下文 用大写；合同指定词义的单词也用大写。 1. DEFINITIONS: In this contract, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the meaning a s s i g n e d t o t h e m : “Dollar” shall refer to the currency of United States of America. 1.1.词语定义词语定义: : 在本合同中，除非上下文另有要求， 否则以下词语的指定意义为： “美元”

15、指美利坚合众国的货币。 评论：法律用语中，插入语顺序往往 不作大的调整，免得引起歧义；法律 用语中，助动词不用will,而用shall，表 示明确的意图，汉语译文明确表示出内 容即可。下文亦然。 “Loading port” shall mean one or two safe berth(s) at the port of Tianjin Xingang, Peoples Republic of China. “Discharge port” shall mean one or two safe berths at the port of Oxelosund, Sweden. “Ton” s

16、hall mean a metric ton of 1,000 kilogram. “Contract period” shall mean each from the date of contract to March 31, 2005. “装货港”指中华人民共和国天津新 港的一个或两个安全的码头。 “卸货港”指瑞典奥斯陆松德港的 一个或两个安全的码头。 “吨”指1,000公斤构成的1公吨。 “合同期间”指合同签订日到2005 年3月31日之间的全部时间。 Any expression or abbreviation defined by Incoterms 2000 (or any ame

17、ndment thereof) published by the International Chamber of Commerce shall have such defined meaning when used in this Contract except to the extent that this Contract expressly alters the defined meaning. 除非本合同另有特别指定，否则国际商会 2000年出版物（及其修订版）的任何表述 法及缩写的精确意义都适用于本合同。 评论：法律用语在翻译中采用严格直译， 不过句子顺序仍然要按照汉语习惯作调整，

18、 也要保持简洁，注意原文红色部分的译法。 1. COMMODITY: Metallurgical Coke in bulk, produced by Shanxi Coal Chemistry Co. Ltd. at the Coking plant in Shanxi Province, Peoples Republic of China. 1. 合同合同商品商品: 由山西煤化有限公司在其位于中华人民 共和国山西省的焦化工厂生产的散装冶金焦 炭。 评论：增词译法仍需要用在法律文件中， 如上文的红色字眼；顺序要作调整，依据 是文化差异。 5. PAYMENT: 5.1 Invoice amou

19、nt shall be calculated by multiplying unit price by loaded quantity based on the bill of lading. 5. 付款付款: 5.1 商业发票金额由单价乘以提单数量计算。 说明：商业发票与普通销售发票不同，前者 用于贸易或服务，形式是打印的文件，后者用 于零售；提单是运货人向发货人出具的文件， 文件上列明收到所运的货物，及交货日期。 归纳 1. 通过任何方式交换的贸易文本 皆属法律文件。 2. 翻译法律文件的要求首先是内 容精确，术语地道，其次是尽量 通顺，避免产生歧义。 3. 只有了解贸易的详细操作，才 能

20、准确翻译与贸易有关的材料。 Exercises Previously nobody knew what SME means, let alone having a plan in place for supporting them. As the former Soviet Union has been mainly built on large enterprises, each with thousands of employees, it can be imagined how difficult it is to change direction and to shift toward

21、s stimulation of the development of Small and Medium Enterprises. Nowadays SME is a well-accepted and well-known term and special legislation as well as other efforts have been put in place to stimulate these. Previously nobody knew what SME means, let alone having a plan in place for supporting them. 以前，谁也不懂中小企业是什么 意思，更不用说制定计划支持它了。 评论：按照下文意思