新视野book3 unit4-section-A

1、Unit 4 A Defining Moment New WordsPart 1: Reading Alouddefine shiftcaptain particular citizengasdistrictsafetydispatchcentralslightcomplexinvestigationalertrarelyscentquarterconductleakdisastertremendouslossevacuationsealNew Wordsneighborhood smoothlyannounce uneasy remainprayneighboringshockwaveeno

2、rmousexplosivefoundationremarkablePart 1:Reading AloudExpressions Whats up? hang up wake up get moving on ones hands on top of seal offto oneselfPart1: Reading AloudPart 2:Exploring the topicI would complain about my bad luck.I may feel completely panic(慌乱的）.I sometimes find myself scared.I usually

3、ask for help.I usually remain calm . ReturnI tend to find out the cause and solve the problem.Reference1. 1. What do you usually do when What do you usually do when something something dangerous suddenly happen to youdangerous suddenly happen to you? ?A Defining Moment A defining moment is a critica

4、l or important moment, which may change your whole life when it falls upon you. It becomes defining because whatever choice one makesto stand tall, to fall backward, or to move forwardone knows he/she will never be the same. It is a moment that requires one to demonstrate his/her courage or fear, wi

5、sdom or foolishness, ability or inability to react, concern and love for him/herself or others. So when such a moment is upon one, the big question is how he/she reacts. Paras.1-5 The background information of the story.Time: Place:CharactersInvolved:Beginning (of the story):Jan. 29th, 1996A living

6、quarters in An Asian communityDennis, Sherm, Dan, Dispatch, the Police ChiefA citizen smelled natural gas in a district nearby.Part 3:Comprehension details for students:Paras. 6-16: The development of the story 6-9: Dennis and his colleagues made a careful gas investigation and found there was a lar

7、ge gas leak.The building was in danger of explosion, what should they do by then?10-16: Dennis reported this dangerous situation to Dispatch, and with proper actions taken, no one was killed in the following big explosion.Action 1: evacuate all the buildingAction 2: seal off the neighborhoodAction 3

8、: Sherm was sent in to check out the situationEvacuate the people inside and seal off the neighborhoodThe Dispatchs callConfirm the gas leakContact theDispatchand ask for helpThe captain sent Sherm to check out the situation. Sherm received the order and prayed.The building blew andno one got hurt.T

9、he whole proceduregas investigationPara. 17: The End of the Story : The building did blow, but nobody was killed or even injured, due to Dennis and his colleagues careful check and timely evacuation.Indication: Dennis felt rather proud about the good result of this terrible gas-leak disaster, and he

10、 believed that his responsible action proved his value and personal pride over his job as a firefighter. The narrator tells us a defining moment in his career. As a firefighter, he attached great importance to the “ gas investigation”, as the Dispatched called it. He woke up his colleagues and condu

11、cted a careful investigation of the reported area. He found that there was a real natural gas leak, and he took immediate action. He asked help from the Dispatch and from the police. With the cooperation of the firefighter, the police and the residents, the natural gas leak didnt bring great damage

12、to life. Owing to the narrators high alertness and his conscientious attitude towards work, a great disaster has been avoided. This is a great moment in the narrators career life, and it showed that the narrator is the right person for the job. Part 4: Grammar tips:一：现在分词短语作伴随状语一：现在分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语出现的

13、条件是：伴随状语出现的条件是：1) 由一个主语发出两个动作由一个主语发出两个动作2) 或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。态。注意：注意：1:伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。同时发生的。 2:句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。 Part 4: Grammar tips:现在分词短语作伴随状语现

14、在分词短语作伴随状语:两种动作同时发生：两种动作同时发生： Example 1:1: The children run out of the room. They were laughing happily.Combined sentence: The children run out of the room, laughing happily.Example 2:2: They stood there for an hour. They were watching the game.Combined sentence: They stood there for an hour, watchi

15、ng the game.Part 4: Grammar tips:现在分词短语作伴随状语：现在分词短语作伴随状语：一种动作伴随一种状态一种动作伴随一种状态 Example 3:3: We went home. We were exhausted.Combined sentence: We went home exhausted.Example 4:4: She watched out of the window. She was lost in thought.Combined sentence:She watched out of the window, lost in thought.Pa

16、rt 4: Grammar tips:Exercises for students: exercise 1:1: She came up. She was holding a briefcase.Combined sentence: She came up, holding a briefcase.exercise 2 :2: He rushed off. He forgot to take his raincoat.Combined sentence:He rushed off, forgetting to take his raincoat.Part 4: Grammar tips:Exe

17、rcises for students: exercise 3:3: I worked right through the semester. I neglected food and rest.Combined sentence: I worked right through the semester, neglecting food and rest.Absolute construction独立主格独立主格【独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构的概念】 独立主格结构是一种非谓语动词结构，可以理解为独立主格结构是一种非谓语动词结构，可以理解为一个在句中做一个在句中做 的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其

18、的短语，用于修饰整个句子。其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子分开，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何与句子分开，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。连接词。 1 The old man stood up, waving goodbye to us. The old man stood up, his hand rising up in the air. 状语状语独立主格结构具有两个特点：独立主格结构具有两个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独 立存在。立存在。

19、2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构有三种类型：独立主格结构有三种类型：1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+(being)+表语表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语语)3. with/without + 复合宾语复合宾语 （不定式、现在分词、过去（不定式、现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）(一一)非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语动词独立主格结构 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词 (不定

20、式、现在分词、过去分词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)1. “名词名词/代词代词+不定式不定式”结构结构 由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作还未发生的动作或状态或状态，在句中常作，在句中常作 ，偶尔作，偶尔作 。e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.e.g. No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class. 如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。原因状语原因

21、状语条件状语条件状语2. “名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词”结构结构该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等。方式或伴随状语等。(1) 作作 状语：状语：Everyone having sat down, the teacher began his class. 每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。每个人都坐好后，老师开始上课。(相当于时间状语从句相当于时间状语从句: When everyone had sat down)(2) 作作 状语：状语：The boy leading the way, we had no troub

22、le getting out of the forest. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就走出了森林。(相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句: Because the boy led the way)时间时间原因原因2. “名词名词/代词代词+现在分词现在分词”结构结构(3) 作作 状语：状语： My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于条件状语从句：（相当于条件状语从句：If my health allows） W

23、eather permitting, we will go our for a walk.(4) 作作 状语：状语： We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。 条件条件方式或伴随方式

24、或伴随3. “名词名词/代词代词+过去分词过去分词”结构结构该结构在句中常作该结构在句中常作 时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴时间状语、原因状语、方式或伴随状语、条件状语等。随状语、条件状语等。(1) 作作 状语：状语：The test finished, well have our summer vocation. 考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。考试结束以后，我们将开始暑假了。(2) 作作 状语：状语：Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, Nick felt on edge. 上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张。上千只眼睛看着他，尼克感到紧张。时间时间原因原因(3)

25、作作 状语：状语：When in trouble, Sam would sit alone, head bend. 萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着，头低着。萨姆遇到麻烦时，总是独自坐着，头低着。3. “名词名词/代词代词+过去分词过去分词”结构结构(4) 作作 状语：状语：More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。如果给我们更多的时间，我们就能完成这项工作。方式或伴随方式或伴随条件条件【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】1. 名词或代词名词或代词+不定式不定式其中的不定式通常表

26、示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。其中的不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。 2. 名词或代词名词或代词+现在分词现在分词其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在其中的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况进行）。有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。的状态或动作。 3. 名词或代词名词或代词+过去分词过去分词其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。其中的过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。 Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the spor

27、ts ground. 他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式定式to settle） The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了，许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动

28、词（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式形式settled表示动作表示动作已经结束）已经结束）【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）（两个动作同时进行） The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）【综合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构综

29、合比较三种非谓语动词独立主格结构】1. Darkness _ in, the young people strolled on the streets. A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set2. A new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. A. to have been worked outB. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out3. There are various kinds of metal

30、s, each _ its own properties (特性特性). A. has B. had C. to have D. having 【当堂检测当堂检测】4. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting5. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been said C. Goodbye said D

31、. When goodbye said6. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. A. tears rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down 【当堂检测当堂检测】1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词 （不定式、现在分词、过去分词）（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+(being)+表语表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短名词、形容词、副词、介词短 语语)3. with/without + 复合宾语复合宾语 宾语宾语+宾

32、语补足语宾语补足语（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）非谓语动词独立主格结构非谓语动词独立主格结构复习复习 独立主格结构有三种类型：独立主格结构有三种类型：无动词独立主格结构无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结构往往看作是构往往看作是“名词名词/代词代词+being+表语表语”结构中省略结构中省略了了being,主要有如下几种情况：主要有如下几种情况：1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+名词名词 Many peop

33、le come to visit the city, . 很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。很多人来参观这个城市，其中大多数是外国人。 I received many Christmas gifts, . 我收到了很多圣诞礼物，其中一些是书籍。我收到了很多圣诞礼物，其中一些是书籍。2.逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词形容词 He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地转向我。他睡眼惺忪地转向我。 （his eyes和和sleepy之间省去了之间省去了being） The little girl entered the room, with cold. 小女孩

34、走进了房间，她的脸冻红了。小女孩走进了房间，她的脸冻红了。most of them foreignerssome of them booksher face red3. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+副词副词 School over, we all went home. 放学了，我们都回家了。放学了，我们都回家了。 （school和和over之间省去了之间省去了being） , I cant focus my mind on the work. 音乐开着，我不能专心工作。音乐开着，我不能专心工作。（二）无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构4. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+介词短语介词短语 He is stan

35、ding in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。 , it is going to rain soon. 天空黑云密布，很快就要下雨。天空黑云密布，很快就要下雨。 The music onDark clouds in the sky注意注意: 1. 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁,往往将往往将“逻辑主语逻辑主语+介词短语介词短语”中的冠词或代词都省略。中的冠词或代词都省略。 The guard stood by the doo

36、r, (a) gun in (his) hand. 警卫站在门旁，手里拿着枪。警卫站在门旁，手里拿着枪。 She came in, (a) smile on (her) face. 她进来了，脸上带着笑。她进来了，脸上带着笑。（二）无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构2. 独立主格结构中的独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：略： 一是在一是在“There being + 名词名词”结构中；结构中； 二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由

37、于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。（二）无动词独立主格结构（二）无动词独立主格结构1. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were2. _, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weathe

38、r B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. _, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C.

39、 The manager was ill D. Being ill（三）（三）“with/ without”引导的独立主格结构引导的独立主格结构“介词介词with/without +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构可以构成独结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构定语。上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现，即：中都能体现，即： with/without +名词名词/ /代词代词 +形容词形容词 副词副词 介词短语介词短语 不定式不定式 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词 1. with/ without +名词名词/代词代词+形容词形容词 ，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。老人感到很不快乐。2. with/ without +名词名词/代词代词+副词副词 ，she had to stay at home alone. 因为她姐姐出去了，她只能独自待在家里。因为她姐姐出去了，她只能独自待在家里。3. with/ without +名词名词/代词代词+介词短语介词短语 He stood at the door, . 他站在门旁边，手里拿着一台电脑。