语言学期末复习最新

1、Reviewing Notes for LinguisticsRequireme nts for the final exam1.满分：100分。保持卷面整洁，否则扣卷面2分。2. 交卷时请将试题卷与答题卷一起交，否则扣分。3. 学生必须将姓名、班级、学号完整填写在规定的密封栏目内，否则视为废卷。4. 学生必须签到，否则出现遗漏由学生本人负责。5. 仔细阅读试题和答题要求，按试题编号在答题纸上作答，作答在试卷上无效Exercise types:I . Choose the best answer. 1 分（15 个,1 分一个） n . Decide T or F 10分（10 个,1 分一个

2、）IH . Filling the blanks. 10 分（10 个,1 分一个）IV . Analyze the Ianguage facts as required. 5分（7-9个小题，根据所学语言学知识和原理分析语言材料。）V . Questions 15分（3-4个问题，简明回答。）Chapter One Language and linguistics:Famous lin guists:SaussureChomskyHallidaynationality, contributions to the study of linguistics, theoriesbran ches

3、in lin guistics（P.12）Properties of Ian guage:Arbitrari nessDualityProductivityCultural tran smissi ondefi niti on; example; comparis on with ani mal Ian guagePrescription vs. descriptiondifferencesChapter Two Phoneticsphon etics:definition focus classification and description of consonants; vocal co

4、rds; the velum difference between voiceless sounds and voiced sounds; voici ng difference between nasal sounds and oral sounds; nasalityThe places of articulati onThe manners of articulati onthe different types of speech soundsclassification and description of vowels(pp. 32-34):Hight; mid; lowFront;

5、 cen tral; backRoun ded; unroun dedMon ophtho ngs; diphth ongsMi ni mal pairComplementary distributionDistinctive featuresNarrow transcription and broad transcription phon eme and allop onedefinitionexamplesChapter Three PhonologyPho no logy and pho netics(p40)SimilarityDifferenceSyllable (syllable

6、structures P52)Stress (word stress P53)Inton ati onToneExamplesChapter Four Lexiconword classGrammatical(f un cti on, empty) words and lexical(c ontent, full) words closed-class words and ope n-class words variable and inv ariable wordstypes; examplesFree morphemes and bound morphemesRoots, types of

7、 affixesIn fleet ional morphemes and derivati onal morphemesdefinition; examplesWord-formatio n:In flectio nderivatio nConv ersi onCompo undingInven ti onBle ndingAbrrevati onAero ny mback-formatio nOno motopoeiaterms of word-formation and terms of words based on word-formation; examplesChapter Five

8、 Clause and syntaxdefinition of syntaxgrammatical and un grammatical; examplesterms of all the syn tactic categories; examplesImmediate Con stitue nts An alysis:defi niti onanalysis of a structurally ambiguous sentenceIC Analysis by using labeled tree diagram(P.86)IC Analysis by using vertical bars(

9、p.87)IC Analysis by using square brackets(p.87)seve n major clause typesexamples (p.89)Grammatical categories:nu mber; ten ses; case; gen der; aspect; voice; mood; agreeme nt;pers on explanation or examplesSema ntic roles of clause eleme nts:Age ntPatie ntRecipie nt or Ben eficiaryExperie ncerIn str

10、ume ntLocativeTemporalExamplesChapter Language and Meaningsemantics(p.124); pragmatics(p.14O; pp.149-150)definitionsimilarities and differencesSema ntic Trian glethe drawing of the triangle explanation of the triangle examplesense relati on betwee n words:synonymy; antonymy; hyp onymy; polysemy; hom

11、onymy types of each sense relationtermsexamplesComp onen tial An alysisdefinitionexamplessentence meaning:lexical meaning and grammatical meaningSense relati ons betwee n senten ces:X is equivale nt with Y.X is con tradictory with Y.X en tails Y.X presupposes Y(Chapter 8)examplesCo ntextConv ersati

12、onal ImplicatureexplanationexamplesChapter Eight Pragmaticssema ntics and pragmatics;uttera nee meaning and speaker meaning;differe nt types of con text;deixis;presuppositi on;coopertive prin ciple;conv ersatio nal implicature;注：本章的 8.5 Linguistic Politeness和 8.6 Speech Acts不考。 definitionexamplesMAJOR TI