2015年高考短文改错(总结版)

1、短文改错短文改错第四部分：写作第四部分：写作(共两节，满分共两节，满分35分分)第一节第一节 短文改错短文改错(共共10小题；每小题小题；每小题1分，满分分，满分10分分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处处错误，错误，每句中每句中最多有两处最多有两处。错误涉及。错误涉及一个单词一个单词的的增加增加、删除删除或或修改修改。 增加增加：在：在缺词处缺词处加一个加一个漏字符号漏字符号()，并在，并在其下其下面面写出该加的词。写出该加的词。 删除删除：把多余的词用：把多余

2、的词用斜线斜线()划掉。划掉。 修改修改：在错的：在错的词下词下划一划一横线横线，并在该词，并在该词下面下面写出写出修改后的词。修改后的词。注意注意： 1每处错误及其修改均仅限每处错误及其修改均仅限一词一词； 2只允许修改只允许修改10处处，多者，多者(从第从第11处起处起)不计分。不计分。 My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many ho

3、mework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. _Theredontmuchforhours My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings

4、. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake, listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. _helpfultosit_looksPart 1 短文改错题应注意的短文改错题应注意的“12345”“1”，即一个应关注的基本点，即一个应关注的基本点英英汉差异汉差异 从实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、从实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词）的变形到虚词（冠词、介

5、词、连词）代词）的变形到虚词（冠词、介词、连词）的搭配，从词类的功能到句式的运用等无不的搭配，从词类的功能到句式的运用等无不体现了英汉两种语言的巨大差异，这种差异体现了英汉两种语言的巨大差异，这种差异成为中国学生英语学习的重点和难点。短文成为中国学生英语学习的重点和难点。短文改错材料来自于学生的习作，而中国学生在改错材料来自于学生的习作，而中国学生在使用英语时最常犯的错误就是中式英语。使用英语时最常犯的错误就是中式英语。“2”，即要两条腿走路，兼顾语法和语，即要两条腿走路，兼顾语法和语篇篇 短文改错的考查目的就是以语篇为短文改错的考查目的就是以语篇为单位测试考生发现、判断、纠正英语词单位测试考

6、生发现、判断、纠正英语词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既考查考生的词汇和语错误的能力。它既考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也考查考生的语篇阅读法方面的能力，也考查考生的语篇阅读理解与运用能力。理解与运用能力。“3”，即，即短文改错解题三个原则短文改错解题三个原则1 1、以不改变原文原意为原则。从文体、主、以不改变原文原意为原则。从文体、主旨、结构、人称、时态、逻辑等方面还原文意。旨、结构、人称、时态、逻辑等方面还原文意。2 2、以改动最少为原则。共计、以改动最少为原则。共计10处错误；每处错误；每句至多两错；每错只改一词；可改可不改千万句至多

7、两错；每错只改一词；可改可不改千万不改。不改。3 3、以实词主要改变词形，虚词换词、增词、以实词主要改变词形，虚词换词、增词或去词为原则。或去词为原则。“4”，即短文改错试题设置错误的四，即短文改错试题设置错误的四种类型种类型1）一致性（主谓一致、人称一致、名词或代）一致性（主谓一致、人称一致、名词或代词数的一致等）；词数的一致等）；2）屈折性（实词的变形：动词的时态语态语）屈折性（实词的变形：动词的时态语态语气、非谓语动词形式、名词的数或所有格、形气、非谓语动词形式、名词的数或所有格、形容词及副词的类别或比较级别等）；容词及副词的类别或比较级别等）；3）搭配性（介词、连词、冠词功能及搭配的）

8、搭配性（介词、连词、冠词功能及搭配的辨析）；辨析）；4）逻辑性（特定语境下逻辑关系词汇的正确）逻辑性（特定语境下逻辑关系词汇的正确性，以及肯定还是否定、主动还是被动、真实性，以及肯定还是否定、主动还是被动、真实还是虚拟）。还是虚拟）。“5”，即，即短文改错的五个解题步骤短文改错的五个解题步骤一、通读全文、主旨贯通、时态定位。快速阅读短文，一、通读全文、主旨贯通、时态定位。快速阅读短文，确保确保在做题之前弄清原文大意（文体、话题、篇章结在做题之前弄清原文大意（文体、话题、篇章结构、脉络线索、时态、人称等）。构、脉络线索、时态、人称等）。二、整句理解、结构分析、意群排除。二、整句理解、结构分析、意

9、群排除。分析词法、句分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题，法、逻辑上是否有问题，增加、删除或修改词汇。增加、删除或修改词汇。 三、三、先易后难、边校边改、广泛撒网。先易后难、边校边改、广泛撒网。四、复读检查、验证答案、有错必纠。一要注意已改四、复读检查、验证答案、有错必纠。一要注意已改错误的正确性，二错误的正确性，二要注意错误点的分散与比例、项目要注意错误点的分散与比例、项目与类型。与类型。五、转涂题卡、清晰书写、规范作答。五、转涂题卡、清晰书写、规范作答。Part2 短文改错的考点及解题训练短文改错的考点及解题训练 总的来说，短文改错的设置主要集中在对总的来说，短文改错的设置主要集中在对词的用法

10、词的用法，行文逻辑行文逻辑与与句子结构句子结构等三个方面判等三个方面判断错误并改正。以下通过案例来逐个分析：断错误并改正。以下通过案例来逐个分析：I.词的错误词的错误1.名词名词1) 考查名词单复数考查名词单复数,可数与不可数的误用可数与不可数的误用2) 考查名词形容词词性误用考查名词形容词词性误用1.You must pay great attention to your healthy.2.He always gave her valuable Christmas and birthday present.healthyhealth presentpresents2. 动词动词1) 考查动

11、词的时态误用考查动词的时态误用,特别是现在时和过特别是现在时和过 去时的误用去时的误用2) 考查动词的语态误用考查动词的语态误用3) 考查主谓一致误用考查主谓一致误用4) 动词短语搭配误用动词短语搭配误用1.He works very hard in the past.2.The teacher with his students are playing football.3.He got home and found his house had broken into.worksworkedareis been3. 形容词和副词形容词和副词1) 形容词和副词在修饰上的误用形容词和副词在修饰上

12、的误用 (修饰名修饰名词、代词用形容词，作名词的宾语补足语词、代词用形容词，作名词的宾语补足语用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、短用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语结构及句子等用副词语结构及句子等用副词)2) 比较级中形容词和副词的形式误用比较级中形容词和副词的形式误用 3) 词义上的误用词义上的误用1.Mary wanted to buy him something real special.2.Surprising, he didnt pass the examination. 3.He could play football as good as, if not better tha

13、n Jack. 4.They are strong against me going there. 5.He always makes his room tidily. realreallySurprisingSurprisinglygoodwellstrongstronglytidytidily1. He said he could play football well than Jack. 2.English is wide used in the whole world. 3.Most of the teachers think high of that boy.4.I dont fee

14、l good today, so I want to ask for a leave. 5.The ill boy was taken good care of in this hospital. betterwell widewidelyhighhighlygoodwellillsick4.冠词冠词1) 不定冠词不定冠词a和和an互换互换2) a / an在特殊语境下的多余和短缺在特殊语境下的多余和短缺3) 定冠词定冠词the在特殊语境下的误用在特殊语境下的误用1. He was not a honest boy, so his classmates didnt trust him. 2.

15、There is an university in our city.3. Please have a fun at the party. 4. He was put in the prison because he stole so many things from a house. aananaathe5. 连词连词主要设置在两个需要连接词的分句之间，主要设置在两个需要连接词的分句之间，连词错误或有时误用副词来连接分句。连词错误或有时误用副词来连接分句。1.He was ill, because he didnt go to school.2.He should have told us

16、the secret, and he didnt.3. Work hard, then you will succeed. becausesothenandandbut6.介词介词主要设置错误为主要设置错误为:1.介词的短语搭配误用介词的短语搭配误用2.副词短语副词短语(every day, each day, this morning, that day, next week等等)前误用前误用介词介词3.连词连词(the moment, the first time, every time等等)前误用介词前误用介词1.Many people in the west are on the ha

17、bit of eating too much sugar and fat. 2.He got up very late in this morning.3.He went to bed at the moment I went home. 4.As most of my classmates, I am also an only child in my family. 5.He said he would visit me in next week. onin inatAsLikeinII. 行文逻辑错误行文逻辑错误1.人称逻辑误用人称逻辑误用2. 肯定否定误用肯定否定误用3. 非谓语中逻辑误

18、用非谓语中逻辑误用 1.The boy cried and that made his father scold her. 2.Burying in the cave for so long, she died unluckily.3.Do you have any hobby now? If so, you are asked to develop one.4.Disappointing at what he told her, she went to see it for herself.herhimBuryingBuriedsonotDisappointingDisappointedII

19、I. 句子结构上的错误句子结构上的错误1. 在句子结构对称上的误用在句子结构对称上的误用1.Students are supposed to listen, to take notes and complete timely all the work given by teachers. 2.He doesnt like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. tocleancleaning2. 在三大从句中连接词在三大从句中连接词,关系词和连接副词关系词和连接副词的误用或缺失。的误用或缺失。1.How

20、can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up? 2.I doubt that he will come to join us in the discussion. 3.He is always absent from meetings, that made his boss very angry. 4. I put the book that I can find it easily. thatthatwhetherthatwhichthatwhere3. 固定句型固定句型(强调句，虚拟语气等强调句，虚拟语气等)1.You wil

21、l perhaps find rather difficult to give him a proper answer.2.The problem was too difficult that he didnt do it. 3.He suggested that we could go home at once.4.It was in this room where he was born. ittoosocouldshouldwherethat做短文改错题为什么发现不了错误？做短文改错题为什么发现不了错误？1、不明确短文改错题型主要特点和易考点；、不明确短文改错题型主要特点和易考点；2、不

22、总结反思短文改错解题的经验和规律；、不总结反思短文改错解题的经验和规律；3、不朗读精读导致语感和语用精细性不强；、不朗读精读导致语感和语用精细性不强；4、不能克服汉语的干扰自身中式英语严重；、不能克服汉语的干扰自身中式英语严重；5、不了解短文改错题中陷阱和干扰的设置；、不了解短文改错题中陷阱和干扰的设置；1）平行与并列）平行与并列2）插入与切割）插入与切割3）拆分与转移）拆分与转移4）省略与隐藏）省略与隐藏5）追加与覆盖）追加与覆盖6）语用变更）语用变更7）语用重叠）语用重叠8）形义相近）形义相近9）汉译干扰）汉译干扰逐句找错，逐句找错，错在那里？错在那里？动词形，动词形，名词数名词数还要注意

23、形和副还要注意形和副代词代词格格，细领悟细领悟介词短语须关注介词短语须关注习惯用法习惯用法要记住要记住冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾Part 3 短文改错口诀短文改错口诀At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his1._father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._a big one. It was almost as taller as the room!3._They put them in the corner of the sitting4._On_chose_tall_it动词形动词形介词短语须关注，习惯用

24、法要记住介词短语须关注，习惯用法要记住还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟room. Kate was covered it with a lot of5._Christmas light. The sitting room looked6. _really beautifully at the moment. There was 7. _a fire burning in the fire place, but the Christmas8. _tree lights were shone brightly. Jim and his9. _parents singing

25、and dancing happily.10._was_lights_beautiful_andshiningwere动词形动词形还要注意形和副还要注意形和副动词形动词形名词数名词数冠词连词须关注冠词连词须关注动词形动词形_短文改错复习训练的思路和要领短文改错复习训练的思路和要领 1、抓住词类，关注差异；抓住词类，关注差异； 2、 强化读写，朗读背诵；强化读写，朗读背诵； 3、 总结反思，分类统计；总结反思，分类统计； 4、 主动出击，有备无患；主动出击，有备无患； 5、 积累经验，讲求原则：积累经验，讲求原则： 1） 按要求规范答题；注意拼写：大、小写，变形规则，书写按要求规范答题；注意拼写

26、：大、小写，变形规则，书写清晰；清晰； 2） 不要马虎：注意添词、去词的位置，修改时又写了原词；不要马虎：注意添词、去词的位置，修改时又写了原词； 3） 添词、去词项目必须有；添词、去词项目必须有；句首不添词不去词，句尾也可能句首不添词不去词，句尾也可能添词、去词；添词、去词； 4） 要重视平行结构和句间衔接；要重视平行结构和句间衔接； 5） 修改不足十处时一定要补足做全；修改不足十处时一定要补足做全；可改可不改千万别改；可改可不改千万别改； 6） 感觉有多种改法时，一定要从语篇入手深入分析（语境、感觉有多种改法时，一定要从语篇入手深入分析（语境、语法、搭配、逻辑、结构）；语法、搭配、逻辑、结

27、构）； 7） 先易后难，广泛撒网，改后验证。先易后难，广泛撒网，改后验证。 One student Tom said to his teacher John that he together with his classmates were not good at doing proof-reading in the exam, because they hard knew where on earth the sentences were wrong. Considered this, John decided to give his students a unusual class to

28、tell them some skill of correcting. Two days later, the students learned many useful skills in that class, but they say they were no longer puzzled the moment they did proof-reading. Tom and his classmates said it was their teachers class which made them to know how to do proof-reading, while John t

29、ook for granted that he helped his students. _Consideringwashardlyanandthatitsaid_skills猛猛虎虎下下山，山，一一试试身身手！手！Part 4 短文改错训练短文改错训练从从20142014年高考考试说明新样卷看短文改错的变化年高考考试说明新样卷看短文改错的变化 Dear Bob, I saw your note yesterday afternoon since I came back from school. You suggested that we go to concert this Friday e

30、vening. Im sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day. He is going to Canada to do him PhD, and leave China this Sunday. I think I should say good-bye for him. Id really like to go to the concert. I knew the performances will continue until next weekend, so how do you think about going next Friday

31、evening? Please let me know that we can go together then. Give me a phone at 12300456. Thanks. Li Hua_ 1. 1.短文体裁：短文体裁：虽然仍来自于学生习作，但所给短文的体裁由叙虽然仍来自于学生习作，但所给短文的体裁由叙述性的记叙文变为应用体的书信。述性的记叙文变为应用体的书信。 2. 2.考查项目：考查项目： 1 1）明显增强的的项目：）明显增强的的项目：从属连词（从属连词（2 2题）、动词时态（题）、动词时态（2 2题），题），弥补了单项填空题型取消所带来的对这两项语法考查的不足。弥补了单项

32、填空题型取消所带来的对这两项语法考查的不足。另外增词项目增加了一题。另外增词项目增加了一题。 2 2）新出现的项目：）新出现的项目：a. a. 实词替换（实词替换（phonephonecallcall），以固定短语的），以固定短语的形式出现，但考查的是词汇在语篇应用中的正确性，特别是近形式出现，但考查的是词汇在语篇应用中的正确性，特别是近义词的辨析能力。义词的辨析能力。b. b. 特殊疑问词（特殊疑问词（howhowwhatwhat），以词法和句），以词法和句法的形式出现，但涉及句式在语篇中的功能性运用。法的形式出现，但涉及句式在语篇中的功能性运用。c. c. 系动词系动词bebe，以删除的形

33、式考查谓语动词的正确性，但也间接考查了考，以删除的形式考查谓语动词的正确性，但也间接考查了考生在英语学习中是否关注英汉差异、避免中式英语的学习策略。生在英语学习中是否关注英汉差异、避免中式英语的学习策略。 3) 3) 基本保留的项目：基本保留的项目：冠词、代词、介词各一题，保持与旧样题冠词、代词、介词各一题，保持与旧样题内容的稳定性。内容的稳定性。 4 4）未体现的项目：）未体现的项目：名词所有格及复数、形容词和副词、非谓名词所有格及复数、形容词和副词、非谓语动词、并列连词等，但未体现并不意味着不考，而且可以在语动词、并列连词等，但未体现并不意味着不考，而且可以在新题型（语言知识运用第二节）中考。新题型（语言知识运用第二节）中考。从从20142014年高考考试说明新样卷看短文改错的变化年高考考试说明新样卷看短文改错的变化短文改错练习短文改错练习（2014考前校内自编原创模拟）考前校内自编原创模拟）：Dear Peter, Our school is planning t