《英国贵族精神对中国公民意识的》

1、攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 英国贵族精神对中国公民意识的 启示：与中国现代贵族的对话学生姓名： 邓 蓓 学生学号： 200810201015 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2008级英语本科1班 指导教师： 何学德 副教授 二一二年五月The Inspiration from English Aristocratic Spirit to Chinese Citizen Consciousness: the Dialogue with Chinese Modern AristocratsDeng Bei Under the Supervision ofHe XuedeSchool of For

2、eign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2012ContentsAbstractIKey wordsI摘要II关键字IIIntroduction1I. The characteristics of English Aristocratic Spirit2A. Chivalry Code21. Loyalty22.Courage23.Honesty24. Respect35. Fairness3B. Social Morality and Responsibility3C. Independence4D. Limitation of

3、mind5II. The Characteristics of Chinese Citizen Consciousness6A. The Consciousness of Right and Responsibility6B. The Consciousness of the nation7C. The Consciousness of Equality and Equity8D. The Consciousness of Democracy and Legality8E. The Consciousness of Morality and Civilization9III. The Diff

4、erence between English Aristocratic Spirit and Chinese Citizen Consciousness10A. The Idea of Freedom10B. The Idea of Respect12C. Social Responsibility and Morality13D. Self-consciousness14IV. The Inspiration from English Aristocratic Spirit to Chinese Citizen Consciousness16A. The Proper Methods of

5、Self-realization16B.Patriotism16C.The Correct Concept of Money and Career17D.The Responsibility for the Modern Society17Conclusion19Acknowledgements20Bibliography21AbstractEnglish aristocratic spirit has promoted the development of English society for a very long time. Chinese modern citizen conscio

6、usness, especially in the aspect of Chinese modern aristocratic spirit, has some imperfections. China can draw the experience and sparkles from the United Kingdom. English aristocratic spirit consists of chivalry code, social morality and responsibility, independence and certain limitation. The Chin

7、ese citizen consciousness consists of the consciousness of right and responsibility, the consciousness of nation, the consciousness of democracy and legality, the consciousness of equity and equality, the consciousness of morality and civilization. There are some differences between English aristocr

8、atic and Chinese citizen consciousness in the aspects of freedom concept, respect concept, social responsibility and morality and self-consciousness. The sparkles of English aristocratic spirit provided some inspirations for Chinese citizen consciousness, and could lead it to a better direction of d

9、evelopment. Key wordsEnglish aristocratic spirit; Chinese citizen consciousness; differences; inspirations; Chinese modern aristocracy摘要英国贵族精神在很长的一段时间里促进了英国社会的发展。中国现代社会的公民意识，尤其是中国现代贵族意识，在一定程度上存在缺陷。中国公民意识可以借鉴英国贵族精神之中的闪光点。英国贵族精神包括骑士精神，社会道德和责任感，独立意识等。中国公民意识包括权利与责任意识，国家与名族意识，民主与法制意识，平等与公平意识，道德与文明意识。与此同时

10、，英国贵族精神与中国公民意识在自由观念，尊重观念，社会责任感与道德心，自我意识等方面存在差异。英国贵族精神在这些方面的优秀之处启示着中国公民意识,并能使中国公民意识向着一个更好的方向发展。关键字英国贵族精神; 中国公民意识; 差异性; 启示; 中国现代贵族IntroductionAt present, China is in a transitional period with rapid economic development. This is the main factor that affects Chinese citizen consciousness. “The question

11、 of crisis in moral convictions of morals of China about transition period, though the academia has not formed the same view on the intensity, origin of the crisis in moral convictions of morals yet, but the understanding that this prerequisite has existed in the crisis in moral convictions of moral

12、s is still identical” (Lu Youzhi, 2006). The appearance of the four “modern kongfu masters”, namely Dongxie(used-leather-shoe-made jelly and yogurt from eastern China), Xidu(industrial-gelatin-made capsules from western China), Nandi(sewage oil from southern China), Beigai(Sanlu high calcium milk po

13、wder which contains melamine from northern China), was a very convincing example of the unsatisfactory and serious situation of Chinese citizen consciousness. English aristocratic spirit was once the main spirit of English society which accelerated the progress of English society for a very long tim

14、e. “English people were proud of and satisfied with the aristocratic system rather than disapproved it. They regard aristocracy as a representative of dignity and noble moral character” (Zhu Pingan, 2005). China could draw experience from Britain for the better development of her citizen consciousne

15、ss. Using the good aspects of English aristocratic spirit for reference and borrowing the experience from it are for the benefit of Chinese society which could lead the development of Chinese citizen consciousness to a right direction. I. The characteristics of English Aristocratic SpiritThe charact

16、eristics of English aristocratic spirit mainly include the following four parts: chivalry code, social morality and responsibility, independence and so on.A. Chivalry Code“Chivalry code is not just a principle of living, but also a psychological state of the Aristocracy”(Qian Chengdan, Chen Xiaolv,

17、2003). It passes on from generation to generation and finally becomes a national spirit deep down in English peoples heart, which tells people to be loyal, brave, vigorous, and honest. Chivalry code mainly consists of several kinds of morality as follows:1. Loyalty Loyalty is one of the chef codes o

18、f the knights as well as the most precious part in chivalry code. The knights always kept loyal to their sovereign and to themselves. They fought for honor and never surrendered to anything even death.2. Courage There is no doubt that the cowards dont deserve the title of knight. The ancestors of Br

19、itish aristocrats were mostly the leaders of military. They fearlessly fought in every war. And now, this kind of courage internalizes into a spirit rooted in the blood of the aristocrats to confront every dilemma.3. HonestyHonesty is the necessary quality of every man. The knights are no exception.

20、 Knight belonged to the last level in European aristocratic system. In that way, honesty and integrity became required for the knight to establish a fine reputation. At the same time, “be faithful to your soul” is a principle of the knights prior to any other principles.4. Respect The respect in chi

21、valry code mainly refers to the respect for woman. Women were seen as a weaker class of the middle British society. At first the knight felt responsible to protect women. However, this kind of responsibility turned into respect after the 12th century and it was gradually accepted by the upper class

22、and became a part of the social value.5. Fairness Zhang Xiaoyan and Meng Yanzhi(2010) explained in the essay that fairness was a very important component of chivalry code and it can be found everywhere in a knights behaviors no matter when dealing the relationship between the aristocratic class and

23、the ordinary class, or dealing the relationship among the aristocratic classes. At the same time, fairness played a very important role in the duels of knights. as aristocracy put high value in them, the duels were seen as a combination of the quality of justice and equity.B. Social Morality and Res

24、ponsibilityThe social morality in English aristocratic spirit is by no means the feeling of satisfactory brought by the richness of material wealth. It is actually the spiritual force promoted by the richness from the psychological level. This kind of force has been already forged into the blue bloo

25、d, being a part of it. It will not be changed easily, nor will it be banished. “The ownership consciousness of English aristocracy in middle age determined their assumption of the major social responsibility. They concerned about the development of the country and society” (Wang Tian, 2011). For exa

26、mple, during the Second World War king Edward went to visit the slum. He stood in front a shabby house with a smile and gently asked an old and poor lady inside the house that if he could come inside. Even though he was the king who had privilege to do nearly anything, he chose to respect his people

27、. This kind of action is not a hypocritical show. King Edward did it from the bottom of his heart which made this small behavior morality. Aristocratic social morality, including noble temperament, open mind and dignity, strides in the front of social values. The social morality in English aristocra

28、tic spirit is a dignified morality which has a great significance in advancing social morality as a whole. Also, to some degree it is the result of aristocratic education.During the process of English aristocratic development, the aristocratic class has been placed at the core of English political s

29、tage. For that reason, the English aristocracy has held the attitude of being responsible for the people and the nation as a whole. The aristocracy is a bridge of communication and bonding between the king and the ordinary people because ordinary people had no rights to get into to governmental syst

30、em directly according to the political structure in England back then. The aristocracy played so important a role to sustain the stable and united situation of the whole nation, and to keep the political communication between the upper class and the lower class. Moreover, the aristocratic class can,

31、 to some degree, offer some protection for the ordinary and prevent the direct disoperation because of the kings absolute power. A strong flow of social responsibility can be seen from these above.C. Independence“A lot of things are included in the consciousness of aristocratic independence such as

32、financial freedom, marital freedom and so on”(Zhu Pingan, 2005). Above all of these freedoms, the freedom of the inner world was the most important and significant one. It can be put into another word: The inner world freedom is the keystone and the ancestor of all other types of freedom for English

33、 aristocratic class. English aristocratic class, adopting an extremely positive attitude, struggled with the feudal crown to win over their own interests and rights. The sprang up of the civil rights movement in 1215 was a example. Great Charter is not only the result of the ordinary peoples resista

34、nce to the feudalism, but in a broader sense, the result of the aristocratic classs fighting for their legal rights. In the overall history of England, through the endless struggles, English aristocratic class gradually regained their own rights. The struggles of their rights started from gaining th

35、e right to decide their family business(in middle ages, the Kings kept most of the powers to their own hands which resulted in not only the loss of civil rights of the ordinary people, but also the damage of the aristocratic rights. All the people, the aristocrats included, were the servants of the

36、king who could barely decide their family business.). Then they advocated the limitation of the kings power, all of which reflected the keen consciousness of freedom and independence of the aristocracy.D. Limitation of mindEvery coin has two sides. Although there are many shinny and sparkle points i

37、n the spirit of the English aristocracy, it has its own limitation. The aristocratic status for the most part passed from generation to generation. It seems to be their destiny to keep their stand in the upper level of the society. The aristocracys comfortable living style coming along made the aris

38、tocrats drifted away from the ordinary life a dramatically. Also, they lived after conventions more than any one in the English society, so their inventiveness are limited to some degree. All in all, because of the aristocratic status, limitation of mind was inevitable.II. The Characteristics of Chi

39、nese Citizen ConsciousnessChinese citizen consciousness belongs to Chinese social consciousness. For that reason, Chinese citizen consciousness is decided by a certain kind of social economic basis just like any other kind of social consciousness. Zhang Xueqing(2010) said in his essay that at presen

40、t, with the globalization of the world economy, Chinas economy has undergone tremendous changes and great uprising. At the same time, China has been implementing the socialist marketing economy which requires the combination of the macroeconomic regulatory and the market economy for several years. A

41、ll of those factors keep putting more indigents into Chinese citizen consciousness than before. However, the predominant components of Chinese citizen consciousness are steady and can not be changed easily. The following five points are the main indigents of Chinese citizen consciousness:A. The Cons

42、ciousness of Right and Responsibility Right can be divided into two branches from different point of view: the legal right and the moral right. “The legal right is a kind of force to realize individuals own interests permitted and given by the law of a nation” (Baidubaike, 2010). It can be seen as t

43、he core indigent of the concept of civil right. In modern China, the Constitution (1982) stated the rights of people. Franchise (the right to vote), the right to be elected, personal freedom and other kinds of rights were included. Moral right is also a kind of force to realize individuals own inter

44、ests, but only on the basis of moral principles. To a certain degree, legal rights and moral rights are bond. In another word, the realization of the moral rights is through the realization of the legal rights. For example, an individuals right to protect his own life, body even virginity from being

45、 arbitrarily violated is a moral right from the very beginning. After it was written in a nations law, the nation began to support and protect the moral right through compulsory force. And in that way, the moral right is realized. In China, the rights and obligations are unbreakable units, the momen

46、t you get the rights, you begin to shoulder the obligations. In another way of speaking, it is actually the consciousness of responsibility.B. The Consciousness of the nationProtecting the unity of China and the solidarity of all the 56 nationalities is a part of the necessary and important content

47、of Chinese citizen consciousness. The Constitution (1982) of Peoples Republic of China stated that the people of China have a compulsory obligation to protect the unity of China and the solidarity of all the 56 nationalities. To establish a strong nation and a harmonious circumstance for peoples wel

48、l-being, the first step is to make the country united. Otherwise, the people in the country will not live in a minute of satisfaction and the whole nation is doomed. To have a united country is the dream of all the Chinese people, whether at home or abroad. Because only when the country is steady an

49、d united can the policies be implemented. Only under that condition can the economic and cultural development and other kinds of construction be well protected and promoted. Only under that condition can the prosperity of the whole country be in front of the people in there. The progress and rapid d

50、evelopment after Hong Kong and Macaos return is a very convincing example. China is a country of multiple nationalities. The destiny of the nation is closely related to the destiny of the 56 nationalities and reversely it is still true. 56 brothers and sisters are living together in a big family whi

51、ch forms the Chinese nationality. Sticking to the consciousness of equity, solidarity and the synchronous progress of the whole nation will have a great influence on the advancement of Chinese society,C. The Consciousness of Equality and Equity The consciousness of equality and equity has been long

52、a part of Chinese citizen consciousness. It can be dated back to a very long time. As an endless and common pursuit in peoples spiritual world, this kind of consciousness appears in different eras and dynasties of Chinese society with varied forms and patterns through the time line. The theory of “t

53、he unity of the nature and people”, put forward by Zhuangzi, a well-known philosopher in the period of warring states in Chinese history, and developed into a systematic theory by Dong Zhongshu in Han dynasty, reflected the consciousness of equality and equity in essence. It emphasized the connectio

54、n and communication between the nature and man and advocated the consistency of nature and man. Today, China advocates the built of a harmonious society and a harmonious world. At the same time, China promotes the social equity as well. Those policies find expression in the consciousness of equality

55、 and equity in Chinese citizen consciousness.D. The Consciousness of Democracy and Legality The Constitution (1982) stated that China is a country of democracy and legality. The concept of democracy and legality of socialism penetrates, silently and unconsciously, into the consciousness of Chinese c

56、itizen via different set of the nations varied policies, such as the system of peoples Congress, the grassroots democratic self-government and so on. Chinese citizens bear the consciousness of democracy and legality tightly on their minds to actively throw themselves into the administration of the s

57、tates affairs, which brings great dynamics and power into the continuous progress and development of Chinese society.E. The Consciousness of Morality and Civilization As a very important type of social consciousness, morality reflects peoples value preference on the proper and right side in a fixed

58、society. The consciousness of morality and civilization is in peoples minds, especially when living in todays China of the fast and significant economic development. Actually, Economic prosperity is not equal to the prosperity of morality and civilization. On the contrary, the boost of economy has an unspeakable impact, not so optimistic one, on the mould of morality and the built of civilization. Under