外文翻译比较研究战略目标和有效性的传统企业实施电子商务电子商务

1、外文文献译文 设计(论文)题目:中小企业电子商务运营模式推进与管理研究专业与班级: 电子商务0902班 学生姓名: 张 诗 蕊 指导教师: 杨 琳 2013年1月4日指导教师评阅意见指导教师签字：年 月 日 Strategic Aims and Effectiveness of Traditional Companies Implementing E-Commerce: A Comparative Study Ozlem Sipahi and Ozgur Dogerlioglu Department of Management Information Systems, Bogazici Uni

2、versity, Istanbul, TurkeyAbstract: The aim of this study is to explore the factors affecting e-commerce in different sectors, compare the sectors and measure the relations of these factors with the effectiveness in company objectives regarding e-commerce In the scope of the research 75 firms from to

3、urism, finance and textile sectors were selected as the sample and a survey has been conducted to define major differences between these sectors Hypotheses have been defined and tested for 44 surveys received using t-tests and regression analysis in order to explore the factors influencing effective

4、ness of e-commerce in organizations It was found that effectiveness is influenced positively by number of supplier activities performed online and top management support Number of parties using e-commerce has a negative impact on effectiveness.Key words: Strategic use of e-business, effectiveness of

5、 e-commerce, e-commerce, e-business, B2B, B2C, company objectivesINTRODUCTIONOnline activities have been facilitating the living styles and working habits of many people and firms more and more every passing year and as the competition between the organizations increases, organizations become more a

6、nd more willing to catch up with the new technology in order not to be left behind the competitionThe aim of this study is to explore the differences between usage, importance and effectiveness values of different sectors regarding e-commerce .Three sectors; finance, tourism and textile are selected

7、 as the sample sectors and several analysis have been conducted in order to get an overview about the subject and make comparisons between the sectors.Internet is affecting everybodys life and living styles in the recent few years significantly, in a way that makes it possible for the companies to e

8、mploy e-commerce to direct their business activities and to carry out electronic transactions (Chang et a/, 2006) Organizations are changing from a physical, supply-driven and disconnected structure to an intellectual, demand driven and interconnected type (Chang and 11, 2003). Many organizations co

9、nduct a detailed research before implementing such technology, whereas, others make investments based on the experience from the competition(Walden and Browne, 2006).THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDOrganizations prefer to use various strategies to increase their effectiveness. Some of these strategies are rel

10、ated to using information technology resources to increase their competitiveness Resources support organizational success based on the management theory called as resource-based view of the firm ( Zhuang and Lederer, 2006) Transforming a traditional company to a digital one necessitates new investme

11、nts in different processes within the firm Digital improvements in management of relations with suppliers, customers and other parties depend on financial resources of the organization.In a widely used term, e-commerce can be defined as, the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging pro

12、ducts, services and/or information via computer networks, including the internet and technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic FundsTransfer (EFT), electronic mail (e-mail), internet activities such as web pages can be observed under the scope of e-commerce (Turbanet a/, 200

13、4; Mustaffa and Beaumont, 2004)Organizations can be classified into three basic types based on their usage of e-commerce such as brick-and-mortar organizations, click-and-mortar organizations and virtual (pure-play) organizations (Turban et a/, 2004; Bendoly et a/, 2006)B2B e-commerce is defined as

14、performing business operations between an organization and its partners through the use of internet and online technologies (Teo and Ranganathan,2004). Information technology has a significant and major role for facilitating the interaction between the customer organization and its suppliers, as ele

15、ctronic connection between the supply chain members, provided by e-commerce leads to an improved relationship among business partners (Mclvor et al,2003).The improvements in B2B e-commerce brings new advantages for the organizations in the management of supply chain networks and e-enable procurement

16、, distribution, communications, sales and marketing and financial systems among business partners (Harrison and Waite, 2006). Among the effects of B2B e-commerce, the major benefit is the establishment of a new and more cost-effective supply chain network, which creates about 90% of all e-commerce b

17、y value and size (Nagurney et al., 2005). Hence, most organizations consider B2B e-commerce as a necessity to improve their performance as well as profitability (Kaefer and Bendoly,2004). B2B e-commerce enables companies to take their activities in a larger area (Wrigley and Currah,2006) and provide

18、s supplier involvement iri their new product development activities (Mclvor et al., 2003), which leads to an increase in productivity (Zank and Vokurka, 2003).B2C e-commerce, also referred as e-tailing, can be defined as the online retail transactions between a company and individual shoppers (Turba

19、n et a/., 2004).According to Chun and Kim (2005) consumers preferring online transactions rather than the traditional methods increase, as the internet provides more information with less transaction costs. Factors that motivate the customers regarding online shopping can be listed as,broader select

20、ions, competitive pricing and greater access to information (Chen and Macredie, 2005).The main factors that influencing B2C e-commerce in order to diminish transaction costs can be defined as, product digitizability, product complexity and sensitivity, product tangibility or industry structure chara

21、cteristics such a market thinness or customer dispersion (Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006).Web site is one of the most important factors in B2C e-commerce and in this context, usability and design attitudes such as download delay, navigation, content, interactivity, responsiveness (Zviran et a/., 2

22、006),information quality, service quality, system use,playfulness and system design quality (Liao et a/.j 2006;Rajagopalan and Deshmukh, 2005) can be considered as the crucial factors affecting user satisfaction.B2B2C e-commerce can be explained as a combination of both the B2B and B2C e-commerce. T

23、his type of relationship can be observed when the customer is not able to give or does not prefer to order directly through the internet. Organizatiods distributors provide information about the products, give relevant advices and consultation as well as take orders (Chang and11, 2003).C2B e-commerc

24、e occurs between individuals who are selling goods and organizations searching for the best offer for the products they are in need of (Turban et al.,2004). C2B e-commerce requires analyzing the buyers necessities and associating them with the best suitable offer by the vendors. The aim of C2B in ge

25、neral, is to be able to get a special offer for a specific product by increasing the demand through collaborating the buyers who need the product. Internet has a major role for this coalition, as it is easier to form groups online (Chen et a/., 2006).Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce can be defi

26、ned as the system of e-commerce that serves as a facilitator in a transaction between individuals or small enterprises (Gonzalez, 2003). By means of C2C e-commerce, customers from different countries can interact with each other, so that the markets of developing countries are accessible worldwide l

27、eading to a positively affected political economic and social structure of the countries (Li and Lin 2005).Mobile Commerce can be described as any transaction with monetary value, either direct or indirect,that is conducted over a wireless telecommunication network (Ngai and Gunasekaran 2007). Mobil

28、e commerce has several advantages such as mobility, net-access convenience, ubiquity, personalization, flexibility and dissemination (Wu and Wang, 2006).E-commerce activities performed by non-business organizations such as academic institutions, non-profit organizations can be classified as non-busi

29、ness e-commerce activities (Turban et a/., 2004). Such activities are more concerned with developing existing transactions to increase efficiency then other previously explained workflows (Roy, 2005).Main benefits of e-commerce to the organizations can be summarized as; global extension (Motiwalla,

30、et al.,2005; Sung, 2006; Apigian et a/., 2005), cost saving (Dinlersoz and Pereira., 2006; Quaddus and Achjari, 2005;Zhuang and Lederer, 2006), supply chain improvement (Soliman and Janz, 2004; Apigian et a/., 2005; Shin, 2005),customization (Chang and11, 2003; Apigian et a/., 2005;Coltman et a/.j 2

31、001), market orientation and expansion(Motiwalla etal., 2005; Dinlersoz and Pereira 2006; Chang and 11, 2003), rapid time-to-market (Macgregor and Vra.zaliq 2006; Zhuang andLederer, 2006; Rabinovich and Inform. Technol.，2008 Bailey, 2004), lower communication costs (Jih et al., 2005;Apigian et a/.,

32、2005), cheaper products and supplies(Lee and Kim, 2003; Apigian et a/., 2005), better customer relationship (Bremser and Chung, 2005; Jih et al., 2005;Porra, 2000).Obstacles of e-commerce are, lack of standards for quality, security and reliability (Meinert. et al., 2006; Wu and Chang, 2006; Wakefie

33、ld and Whitten, 2006; Park and Kim, 2006; Roy, 2005), difficulties in the integration of legacy systems and e-commerce software (Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006; Lee and Kim, 2006, Shan andHua, 2006;Keams, 2005; Taylor et a/., 2004), inconvenience of intemet accessibility (Kamel, 2006), customers p

34、reference of touch and feel products (Efendioglu and Yip, 2004),cultural differences (Kamel, 2006; Tarafdar and Vaidya,2006; Efendioglu and Yip, 2004), lack of top management commitment (Lee and Kim, 2006; Teo and Ranganathan,2004).MATERL&LS AND METHODSDuring the literature review period, a draft of

35、 the questionnaire has been prepared. Pilot questionnaire has been applied to a group of respondents and their opinions about the questionnaire have been collected. After the revision of the survey, three sectors subject to comparison were selected among the companies performing some of their activi

36、ties via internet. Finance,Tourism and Textile were chosen and the questionnaires were sent to the companies acting in these sectors.Twenty five companies from each sector were selected randomly among the list of companies at similar sizes, applying similar online activities and the questionnaires w

37、ere sent by e-mail to the representatives in each company. The sample size is conservative, as it is challenging to get a response from the companies. After 2 weeks, organizations without response were recalled by telephone and with periodical reminding, response rate was increased.In the finance se

38、ctor, 16 0ut of 25 companies responded without error. In textile sector, response rate was 15 0ut of 25. Finally, in tourism 13 0ut of 25 companies responded. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCHThe aim of this research was to examine different sectors regarding their frequency of usage, preferences, impo

39、rtance assigned to activities, effectiveness rates, problems faced and top management support. Results obtained are compared in order to realize the differences between the sectors and to develop a model for describing the factors influencing effectiveness of e-commerce. According to the analyses co

40、nducted in the study, there is no significant difference between the parties connected online between the tourism, finance and textile. There are no significant distinctions between the online activities for customers, but there exist differences between the online activities for suppliers.As the ef

41、fectiveness rates of the sectors are compared, number of objectives that have high mean values of effectiveness rates is more than the other two sectors in the finance sector. Similarly, when the importance of problems in the e-commerce and top management sections are analyzed, in the finance sector

42、, more factors are analyzed as important and top management support rate seems more than the other sectors.As the importance of each objective was compared with the effectiveness of the same objective, it is observed that there is no direct relation between the importance and effectiveness rate of t

43、he objectives.Finally all factors are regression analysis, in order tested together with a to find out which factors affect effectiveness. Effectiveness is affected positively by Number of supplier activities performed online and Top management support average. Number of parties using e-commerce inf

44、luences effectiveness negatively.Findings of this study can form a basis for future research, as a model of effectiveness has been created by analyzing the relations between number of online parties, online activity performance, importance of e-commerce objectives, types of problems, top management

45、support rate and effectiveness. Besides these, a comparison of sectors has been made according to these variables.Main limitation of the study was the response rate of the organizations. As it is difficult to gather data from organizations in different sectors, number of sectors has been selected as

46、 three. If the number of sectors can be increased or the same research has been done with different sectors, the scope of the study can be enlarged and more specific results can be obtained in the future.比较研究战略目标和有效性的传统企业实施电子商务土耳其，伊斯坦布尔,Bogazici大学,Dogerlioglu Ozlem Sipahi和Ozgur部门的管理信息系统摘要：本研究的目的是探讨电

47、子商务在不同行业的影响因素,比较了行业和衡量这些因素的关系与公司目标的有效性在关于电子商务在75年的范围从旅游研究公司、金融和纺织行业被选为研究样本,进行了一项调查来定义这些行业之间的主要差别。假设已定义和测试了44项调查收到了使用T型检验比较和回归分析,以探讨电子商务的有效性的影响因素在组织中发现积极影响的有效性由数量的供应商活动在线执行和最高管理层的支持方使用的数量有一个负面影响,对电子商务的有效性。关键词:战略使用电子商务、有效性的电子商务、电子商务、企业电子化、B2B、B2C、公司目标介绍：在线活动已经促进了生活方式和工作习惯的许多人们和公司越来越多的岁月流逝,组织之间的竞争增加,组织

48、越来越愿意跟上新技术为了不被抛在后面的竞争本研究的目的是探索使用之间的差异、重要性和有效性值不同的部门关于电子商务。三个部门：金融、旅游、纺织行业选为样本,进行了一些分析为了得到关于这个话题的概述,使行业之间的比较。互联网影响到每个人的生命和生活风格在最近的几年里显著,使得有可能采用电子商务公司直接向他们业务活动和开展电子交易(Chang et a / 2006)组织正在改变从物理,供应驱动的和断开连接的结构来一个知识,需求驱动的和相互关联的类型(Chang和11,2003)。许多组织进行详细的研究在实现这样的技术,而其他投资,使基于经验的竞争。(瓦尔登湖和布朗,2006)理论背景：组织更喜欢

49、使用不同的策略来增加它们的有效性。这些策略都与使用信息技术资源来提高他们的竞争力资源支持组织成功基于管理理论称为资源基础理论的公司(壮族和莱德尔,2006年)改变传统的公司一个数字一个需要新的投资在不同的内部过程改进管理公司数字与供应商的关系,客户和其他党派依靠金融资源的组织。在一个广泛使用的术语,电子商务可以被定义为,这个过程的购买、出售、转让或交换产品、服务和/或信息通过计算机网络,包括互联网和技术,如电子数据交换(EDI),电子资金转移(EFT)、电子邮件(电子邮件),互联网活动,如web页面可以观察到的范围内的电子商务电子商务的实体组织基于它们的用法可以分为三种基本类型，单击组织、砂浆

50、组织和虚拟(纯)组织。通讯 土耳其伊斯坦布尔Bogazici大学 Technol.J,2008B2B电子商务的定义是执行业务操作一个组织及其合作伙伴之间通过使用互联网和网络技术(Teo and Ranganathan,2004),信息技术有一个重大和主要角色之间的交互作用对促进客户组织和它的供应商,作为电子连接供应链成员提供的电子商务会导致一种改进业务伙伴之间的关系。(Mclvor et al,2003) 改进的B2B电子商务带来了新的优势为组织管理的供应链网络和e使采购、分销、通信、销售和营销和金融系统在业务合作伙伴。(Harrison and Waite, 2006)在B2B电子商务的影响

51、,其主要优点是建立一个新的、更具有成本效益的供应链网络,这创造了大约90%的电子商务的价值和大小。(Nagurney et al., 2005)因此，大多数组织考虑B2B电子商务作为提高性能的必要性以及盈利能力。(Kaefer and Bendoly,2004)B2B电子商务使得公司能够把他们的活动在一个更大的区域(Wrigley and Currah,2006)并提供供应商参与新产品开发活动的iri(Mclvor et al., 2003)这导致增加生产力(Zank and Vokurka, 2003).B2C电子商务,也称为网路零售,可以定义为在线零售业务的公司和个人消费者之间(Turba

52、n et a/., 2004)根据消费者喜欢在线交易而不是传统的方法增加,随着互联网提供了更多的信息,更少的交易成本。激励因素,对于网上购物的顾客可以列为,更广泛的选择,有竞争力的价格和更大的获取信息。(Chen and Macredie, 2005)他主要因素影响B2C电子商务,以减少交易成本可以被定义为,产品数字化、产品的复杂性和灵敏度,产品可触知或产业结构特征会形成这样一个市场小或客户分散的情况。(Strebinger and Treiblmaier, 2006)网站是最重要的因素之一在B2C电子商务,在这种背景下,可用性和设计态度如下载延迟、导航、内容、交互性、(Zviran et a

53、/., 2006)响应性信息质量、服务质量、系统使用、嬉闹和系统设计的质量可以被认为是关键的因素影响着用户的满意度。(Liao et a/.j 2006）B2B2C电子商务可以被解释为是两者的结合B2B和B2C电子商务。这种类型的关系可以观察到当客户无法给或者不喜欢通过互联网直接订货。Organizatiod的经销商提供产品信息,给相关的建议和咨询以及接受命令。(Chang and11, 2003)C2B电子商务发生的个体间的销售货物和组织寻找最好的产品提供他们需要的产品(Turban et al. 2004)C2B电子商务需要分析买家的必需品和关联的最佳适合的提供供应商。C2B一般的目的,是

54、能够获得特殊报价为一个特定的产品通过增加需求的买家通过合作所需要的产品。互联网有一个主要角色,这个联盟,因为它更容易形成组织在线。 (Chenet a/. 2006)C2C电子商务(C2C)可以被定义为系统的电子商务,作为中介在一个事务中个人或小型企业之间沟通。(Gonzalez, 2003)通过对C2C电子商务,客户来自不同国家相互之间交流,所以,市场的发展中国家都可以访问到一个积极影响世界领先水平的政治经济和社会结构的国家。(Li and Lin 2005)移动商务可以被描述为任何事务与货币价值,要么直接或间接地,这是通过无线网络进行通信。(Ngai and Gunasekaran 200

55、7)移动商务有几个优点如移动,净访问方便、无处不在、个性化、灵活性和传播。(Wu and Wang, 2006)电子商务活动由非商业组织如学术机构,非营利组织可以分为非商业的电子商务活动。 (Turban et a/. 2004) 这样的活动更关心发展中现有的事务来提高效率和其他前面解释的工作流程。(Roy, 2005)电子商务的主要好处的组织可以概括为；全球扩展成本节约供应链的改善,定制、市场定位和扩张,快速上市时间,降低通信成本更便宜的产品和供应还有更好的客户关系。电子商务的障碍是,缺乏标准的质量、安全性和可靠性,困难在集成遗留系统和电子商务软件,互联网带来的不便,客户的偏好的可访问性触摸

56、和感觉产品、文化差异、缺乏最高管理层承诺。 MATERL&LS和方法在文献回顾期间,一个草案已经准备的问卷。飞行员问卷已经应用于一个组的受访者,他们的意见调查问卷收集。修订后的调查,三个部门受到比较被选在公司执行他们的一些活动通过互联网。金融、旅游、纺织被挑选和问卷被送到代理在这些领域的公司。25个从每个部门的五家公司被选定的企业名单中随机在类似的大小,应用类似的在线活动和问卷由电子邮件发送到每个公司的代表。样本大小是保守的,因为它是具有挑战性的,从公司得到回应。2周后,组织没有响应通过 被召回和定期提醒,反应率增加。在金融领域,25家公司中16家公司没有错误的反应。在纺织行业,响应速度是25

57、家公司中15家。最后,在旅游25家公司中13家公司回应。结论和未来的研究本研究的目的是审查不同部门关于他们使用频次、偏好、重要性分配给活动、有效性率、面临的问题和最高管理层的支持。结果比较,以实现部门之间的差异,并建立一个模型来描述电子商务影响因素的有效性。根据分析研究中进行得出的结果,没有显著区别双方之间的连接在线旅游、金融和纺织品。没有明显的区分为客户的在线活动,但是存在差异的是在线活动的供应商。随着利率的有效性部门相比,数量的目标,有很高的利率平均值有效性比其他两个部门在金融部门。同样的,当问题的重要性在电子商务和高层管理部分进行了分析,在金融领域,更多的因素进行了分析和最高管理层的支持

58、同样重要率似乎更比其他行业。为每个目标的重要性与同一个目标的有效性,这是发现没有直接关系的重要性和有效性率的目标。最后所有因素回归分析,为了测试一起来找出哪些因素影响效果。有效性是积极影响的数量供应商活动在线执行和最高管理层的支持平均。很多政党使用电子商务影响负面效果。本研究的结果可以形成一个基础为未来的研究,作为一个模型的有效性已经创建了通过分析一些在线的政党之间的关系,线上活动性能,电子商务目标的重要性,类型的问题,最高管理层的支持率和有效性。除了这些,一个比较的领域是根据这些变量。这项研究的主要限制是反应速率的组织。因为很难从组织收集数据在不同的领域,如果数量的部门可以增加或相同的研究使用了不同的领域,研究的范围可以扩大和更具体的结果可以得到未来。妹质论拂珍热褒窑直怪测郁苇婚吵娱彤哪携越怂跃养韭秧斟身颁遥珍拐宵钎测汉汁娱吵排锑募田越而久痒论拂斟遥褒遥例扦爆钎植