Unit2KingLear重点语学习

1、Unit 2 King Lear重点词语学习respectfuladj. showing or feelingrespect: The oniookers stood at a respectfuldistanee. Wewere brought up to be respectful of authority.shorte nverb (sth to sth) to make sth shorter; to become shorter:vn Injury problemscould shorte n his career. a shorte ned vers ion of the game

2、 Her n ame s Katheri ne, gen erally shorte ned to Kay. v In November the temperatures drop and the days shorte n.moder nize (BrE also -ise)verb1. vn to make a system, methods, etc. more modern and more suitable for use atthe prese nt time update:The compa ny is in vesti ng $9 milli on to moder nize

3、itsfactories. 2. v to start using modern equipment, ideas, etc.:Unfortunately welack the resources to moder ni ze.burde nnoun1. the (of sth)| a (on / to sb) a duty,responsibility, etc.that causes worry,difficulty or hard work:to bear / carry / ease / reduce / share the burde n The main burden of car

4、ing for old people falls on the state. the heavy tax burden onworking people I don t want to become a burden to my children when I m old.2. (formal) a heavy load that is difficult to carry beast of burdenverb vn1. sb / yourself (with sth) to give sb a duty, responsibility, etc. that causesworry, dif

5、ficulty or hard work: They have burdened themselves with a high mortgage.I don t want to burden you with my worries. to be burdened by high taxation2. be burdened with sth to be carrying sth heavy: She got off the bus, burdened with two heavy suitcases.responsibility noun (pl. -ies) 1. U, C (for sth

6、 / for doing sth)| (to do sth) a duty to deal with or take care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong:We are recruiting asales manager with responsibility for the European market. They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced. It is their responsibility to ensure

7、 that the rules are enforced. to take / assumeoverall responsibility for personnel parental rights and responsibilities Idon t feel ready to take on newresponsibilities. to be in a position of responsibility I did it on my own responsibility (= without being told to and being willing to take the bla

8、me if it had gone wrong). The responsibility for doing this rests with the department managers. 2. U (for sth) blame for sth bad that has happened:The bank refusesto accept responsibility for the mistake. Nobody has claimed responsibility for3. U, C the bombing. We must all bear some responsibility

9、for what happened.(to / towards sb)| (to do sth) a duty to help or take care of sb because of yourjob, position, etc.: She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees. I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.allocateverb sth (for sth)| sth (to sb/sth)| (sb/sth

10、) sth to give sth officially tosb/sth for a particular purpose: vn They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year. A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library. vn, vnn More resources are being allocated to the project. The project is being allocated more res

11、ources.adoreverb (not used in the progressive tenses)1. vn to love sb very much: It s obvious that she adores him. 2. (informal) to like sth very much: vn I simply adore his music! Don t you just adore that dr ess! v -ing She adores working with children.prayverb1. (to sb) (for sb/sth) to speak to G

12、od, especially to give thanks or ask for help:v They knelt down and prayed. I ll pray for you. to pray for peace She prayed to Godfor an end to her sufferings. v (that) Weprayed (that) she would recover from her illness. v to inf He prayed to be forgiven. also v speech2. (for sth) to hope very much

13、that sth will happen:v We re praying for goodweather on Saturday. v that I prayed that nobody would notice my mistake.adv. (old use or ironic) used to meanplease when you are asking a question ortelling sb to do sth: What, pray, is the meaning of this? Pray continue. distribute verb vn1. sth (to / a

14、mong sb/sth) to give things to a large number of people; to sharesth between a number of people: The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims. The newspaper is distributed free. The money was distributed among schools in the area.2. to send goods to shops/stores and businesses so that

15、 theycan be sold: Who distributes our products in the UK?3. often passive to spreadsth, or different parts of sth, over an area:Make sure that your weight is evenlydistributed. Cases of the disease are widely distributed through Europe.contradictverb1. to say that sth that sb else has said is wrong,

16、 and that the opposite is true:vn All evening her husband contradicted everything she said. You ve just contradicted yourself (= said the opposite of what you said before). also v speech, vn speech2. vn (of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each otherthat one of them must be

17、wrong: The two stories contradict each other. This version of events was contradicted by eye-witness reports.flattery nounU praise that is not sincere, especially in order to obta in sth from sb:You retoo intelligent to fall for his flattery.flattery will get you everywhere / no where (in formal,hum

18、orous) praise that is notsincere will/will not get you what you want forecastnouna stateme nt about what will happe n in the future, based on in formati on that isavailable now: sales forecasts It is difficult to make Ion g-term forecasts for afast-growing industry. The forecast said there would be

19、sunny intervals and showers.The shipp ing forecast gave warnings of gales. weather forecastverb(forecast, forecast) or (forecasted, forecasted) to say what you think will happen in the future based on in formatio n that you have now; predict:vn Experts areforecastinga recoveryin the economy.Snow isf

20、orecast fortomorrow.Temperatureswere forecastto reach 40 C. Itis difficult to forecastthe dema ndfor the new train service. v that The report forecasts that prices will rise by3% n ext mon th. also v wh-opposeverb1. to disagree strongly with sb s plan, policy, etc. and try to change it or preventit

21、from succeedi ng:vn This party would bitterly oppose the re-i ntroducti on of the death pen alty. He threw all those that opposed him into pris on. v -ing I1. (of people) willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in returnwould oppose changing the law. also vn -ing 2. vn to compet

22、e with sb in a contest: He intends to oppose the prime minister in the leadership election.fondadj. (fonder, fondest)1. of sb feeling affection for sb, especially sb you have known for a long time:Over the years, I have grown quite fond of her. I ve always been very fond of your mother. 2. of (doing

23、) sth finding sth pleasant or enjoyable, especially sth you have liked or enjoyed for a long time:fond of music / cooking We had grown fondof the house and didn t want to leave. 3. of (doing) sth liking to do sth which other people find annoying or unpleasant, and doing it often: Sheila s very fond

24、of telling other people what to do. He s rather too fond of the sound of his ownvoice (= he talks too much). 4. only before noun kind and loving: a fond look / embrace / farewell I have very fond memories of my time in Spain (= I remember it with affection and pleasure).5. only before noun hope a ho

25、pe about sth that is not likely to happen: I waited all day in the fond hope that she would change her mind.fondnessnoun U, sing. (for sb/sth): He will be rememberedby the staff with great fondness. a fondness for animals It was her father s fondness for drink that brought ab outthe break-up of her

26、parents marriage.corrupt adj.for money or to get an advantage: a corrupt regime corrupt officials acceptingbribes 2. (of behaviour)dishonest or immoral: corrupt practices The whole systemis inefficient and corrupt.3. (computing) containing changes or faults, and nolonger in the original state:corrup

27、t software The text on the disk seems to becorrupt.verb1. vn to have a bad effect on sb and make them behave in an immoral or dishonestway: Hewas corrupted by power and ambition. the corrupting effects of great wealth2. vn often passive to change the original form of sth, so that it is damagedor spo

28、iled in some way:a corrupted form of Buddhism 3. (computing) to causemistakes to appear in a computer file, etc. with the result that the informationin it is no longer correct:vn The program has somehowcorrupted the system files.corrupted data v The disk will corrupt if it is overloaded.greedyadj. (

29、greedier, greediest) (for sth) wanting more money, power, food, etc. thanyou really need: You greedy pig! Youve already had two helpings! The shareholders are greedy for profit. He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.storagenoun U1. the process of keeping sth in a particular place until it is ne

30、eded; the space where things can be kept: tables that fold flat for storage There s a lot of storagespace in the loft. food storage facilities Weneed more storage now. cold storage2. (computing) the process of keeping information, etc. on a computer; the way itis kept: the storage and retrieval of i

31、nformation data storage 3. the process of paying to keep furniture, etc. in a special building until you want it: Whenwe moved we had to put our furniture in storage for a while.sacrificenoun1. C, U the fact of giving up sth important or valuable to you in order to getor do sth that seems more impor

32、tant; sth that you give up in this way:The makersof the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. Her parents madesacrifices so that she could have a good education. to makethe final / supreme sacrifice (= to die for your country, to save a friend, etc.)2. (to sb) C, Uthe act o

33、f offering sth to a god, especially an animal that has been killed in aspecial way; an animal, etc. that is offered in this way:They offered sacrificesto the gods. a human sacrifice (= a person killed as a sacrifice)verb1. vn sth (for sb/sth) to give up sth that is important or valuable to you inord

34、er to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person:She sacrificed everything for her children. The designers have sacrificed speedfor fuel economy. Would you sacrifice a football game to go out with a girl? Inher writing, clarity is sometimes sacrificed to brevity. He s

35、acrificed a rook inorder to win his opponent s queen. 2. vn, v to kill an animal or a person andto make sb a full member of the Christian Church:She was baptized when she was asneezeverbv to have air come sudde nly and no isily out through your nose and mouth in a waythat you cannot control, for exa

36、mple because you have a cold:I ve been sneezingall morning.not to be sn eezed at (in formal)good eno ugh to be accepted or con sidered seriously:In those days, $20 was not a sum to be sn eezed at.noun the act of sn eez ing or the no ise you make whe n you sn eeze:coughs and sn eezesShe gave a viole

37、nt sn eeze.confirmverb1. to state or show that sth is definitelytrue or correct, especially by providingevide nee: vn Rumours of job losses were later con firmed. His guilty expressi on con firmed my suspici ons. Please write to confirm your reservati on (= say that itis defi nite), v (that) Has eve

38、ry one con firmed (that) they re coing? v wh-Can you confirm what happe ned? vn that It has bee n con firmed that the meeti ngwill take place next week. 2. vn sth| sb (in sth) to make sb feel or believe sth eve n more stron gly:The walk in the moun tai ns con firmed his fear of heights.3. vn to make

39、a position, an agreement, etc. more definiteor official; to establishsb/sth firmly:After a six-m onth probati onary period, her positi on was con firmed.4. vn usually passiveHe was con firmed as capta in for the rest of the seas on. month old and confirmed when she was thirteen.respondverb1. (to sb/

40、sth) (with sth) (rather formal) to give a spoken or written answer tosb/sth; reply: v I asked him his name, but he didn t respond. She never responded to my letter. More than fifty people responded to the advertisement. v speech Imnot sure, she responded. v that Whenasked about the companys future,

41、the director responded that he remained optimistic.2. v (to sth) (with sth/ by doing sth) to do sth as a reaction to sth that sb has said or done:How didthey respond to the news? The government responded by banning all future demonstrations. 3. v (to sth/sb) to react quickly or in the correct way to

42、 sth/sb: The car responds very well to the controls. You can rely on him to respond to a challenge. 4. v (to sth) to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment: The infection did not respond to the drugs.suspectverb (not used in the progressive tenses)1. to have an idea that sth is probab

43、ly true or likely to happen, especially sthbad, but without having definite proof: vn If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap. I didnt want the neighbours suspecting anything. v (that) I beganto suspect (th

44、at) they were trying to get rid of me. I suspect (that) she mightbe lying. v As I had suspected all along, he was not a real policeman. also vnto inf, vn that 2. vn to be suspicious about sth; to not trust sth: I suspected her motives in offering to help. 3. vn sb (of sth / of doing sth) to have ani

45、dea that sb is guilty of sth, without having definite proof: He resigned after being suspected of theft. I suspected her of damaging the equipment. The drug is suspected of causing over 2.00 deaths. Whom do the police suspect?noun a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done sth wrong:a mu

46、rdersuspect He is the prime suspect in the case. Five suspects have been detained for questioning. Do you have a list of likely suspects?adj.1. that may be false and that cannot be relied on; questionable: Someof the evidence they produced was highly suspect. 2. that you suspect to be dangerous or i

47、llegal; suspicious: a suspect package (= one that may contain drugs, a bomb, etc.) a controlled explosion of a suspect device (= a bomb)insultverb vn to say or do sth that offends sb:I have never been so insulted in mylife! She felt insulted by the low offer. You insult my intelligence (= you are tr

48、eating me as if I am stupid)!noun (to sb/sth) a remark or an action that is said or done in order to offendsb: The crowd were shouting insults at the police. His comments were seen as aninsult to the president. The questions were an insult to our intelligence (= too easy).scold verb sb (for sth / fo

49、r doing sth) (formal) to speak angrily to sb, especially achild, because they have done sth wrong rebuke: vn He scolded them for arrivinglate. also v speech, vscratchverbRUB WITH YOUR NAILS1. (at sth) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching: vnJohn yawned and scratched his ch

50、in. The dog scratched itself behind the ear. v Try not to scratch. She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.CUT SKIN2. (sb/sth / yourself) (on sth) to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp:vn I d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. She scratched herself on a nail.v Does the cat scrat

51、ch?DAMAGE SURFACE3. vn to damage the surface of sth, especially by accident, by making thin shallow marks on it: Be careful not to scratch the furniture. Thecar s paintwork is badlyscratched.MAKE / REMOVE MARK4. vn + adv. / prep. to make or remove a mark, etc. on sth deliberately, by rubbing it with

52、 sth hard or sharp:They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch.Somegraffitihad been scratched on the back of the door. We scratched someof the dirt away. (figurative) You can scratch my name off the list.MAKE SOUND5. v, usually + adv. / prep. to make an irritating noise by rubbing sth with

53、sthsharp: His pen scratched away on the paper. We could hear mice scratching behind the wall.A LIVING6. vn a livi ng to make eno ugh money to live on, but with difficulty:7.5. % ofthe population scratch a living from the soil.CANCEL7. (sb/sth) (from sth) to decide that sth cannot happen or sb/sth cannot take part in sth, before it starts: vn to scratch a rocket launch The horse was scratchedfrom the race because of injury. v She had scratched because of a knee injury.scratch your head (