高考精品真题重组练三 (2)

1、高考精品真题重组练 三 限时40分钟. 阅读理解阅读理解Passage 1(2020全国全国卷卷D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crim

2、e. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unus

3、ual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, ”explained Michae

4、l Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to

5、read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the

6、plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源电源)such as the distance from a p

7、ower plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 【文章大意【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色植物从而达到节能减排的科学探索。植物从而达到节能减排的科学探索。1. What is the first paragraph

8、mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 【解析【解析】选选D。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“例如例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现进行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中发现城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中发现, 员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰后员

9、工的工作场所被室内植物装饰后, 他们的工作效率会提高他们的工作效率会提高15%。”可知可知, 本本段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。故选段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。故选D。2. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers? A. To detect plants lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plan

10、ts. 【解析【解析】选选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“其中包括在植物的叶子上印其中包括在植物的叶子上印上传感器以显示植物的缺水情况上传感器以显示植物的缺水情况, 还有可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质的植还有可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。物。”可知选可知选A。3. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. T

11、hey might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 【解析【解析】选选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“发光的植物可以缩短这发光的植物可以缩短这个距离个距离, 从而帮助节约能源。从而帮助节约能源。”可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约能源。能源。4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we gr

12、ow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 【解析【解析】选选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的研究。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的研究: 利用特殊的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯利用特殊的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯, 以此来节约以此来节约和利用能源。故和利用能源。故“

13、发光的植物能代替灯吗发光的植物能代替灯吗? ”为最佳标题。为最佳标题。Passage 2(全国丙卷全国丙卷C) After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray w

14、olves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where th

15、ere were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations major food sources (来源来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyo

16、te populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers. As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk

17、 and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellow

18、stone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolv

19、es to other parts of the country as well. 【文章大意【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文本文是一篇记叙文, 介绍了由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美国大陆介绍了由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美国大陆数量的减少数量的减少, 给当地环境带来的一系列的影响给当地环境带来的一系列的影响, 以及人们针对此问题所做出的以及人们针对此问题所做出的努力。努力。5. What is the text mainly about? A. Wildlife research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone ar

20、ea. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 【解析【解析】选选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章的主要内容是灰狼在美国黄文章的主要内容是灰狼在美国黄石公园和美国大陆数量减少石公园和美国大陆数量减少, 给当地环境带来了一系列的影响给当地环境带来了一系列的影响, 人们为此想通人们为此想通过种种努力增加灰狼的数量以改善环境过种种努力增加灰狼的数量以改善环境, 故答案为故答案为D。6. What does t

21、he underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down. 【解析【解析】选选C。词义猜测题。前句说明在黄石公园和美国很多地区曾有许多的。词义猜测题。前句说明在黄石公园和美国很多地区曾有许多的灰狼灰狼, 连词连词but转折了句子意义转折了句子意义, 由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼狼“离开离开, 排出排出, 挤出挤出”, 故选择故选择C项。项。A项意为项意为“测试测试”; B项意为项意为“

22、分离分离, 隔隔开开”; C项意为项意为“强迫离开强迫离开”; D项意为项意为“跟踪跟踪, 追踪追踪”。7. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about? A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the parks income. C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 【解析【解析】选选A。推理判断题。由第三段内容可知。推理判断题。由第三段内容可知, 灰狼的消失带来很多意想不灰

23、狼的消失带来很多意想不到的后果到的后果: 鹿和驼鹿数量急剧增长鹿和驼鹿数量急剧增长, 它们消耗大量的植被它们消耗大量的植被, 这使黄石公园地区的这使黄石公园地区的植物多样性减少植物多样性减少; 灰狼消失使数量急剧增长的郊狼弄死公园地区大量的赤狐灰狼消失使数量急剧增长的郊狼弄死公园地区大量的赤狐, 并且彻底驱走这里的海狸。所有这一切都对当地的生态造成极大的危害并且彻底驱走这里的海狸。所有这一切都对当地的生态造成极大的危害, 故答故答案为案为A。8. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A. Doub

24、tful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring. 【解析【解析】选选B。观点态度题。由末段的尾句。观点态度题。由末段的尾句The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 可知可知, 作者认为这是一个作者认为这是一个“有价值有价值的、重要的实验的、重要的实验(a valuable exper

25、iment)”, 可以帮助生物学家决定是否将灰狼可以帮助生物学家决定是否将灰狼重新引进到美国其他地区重新引进到美国其他地区, 故可推断出作者对此持肯定的、积极的态度。故可推断出作者对此持肯定的、积极的态度。A项项意为意为“怀疑的怀疑的”; B项意为项意为“肯定的肯定的, 积极的积极的”; C项意为项意为“反对的反对的, 不赞成的不赞成的”; D项意为项意为“漠不关心的漠不关心的”。. 完形填空完形填空(全国卷全国卷) A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be

26、enjoyed, read and1. It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart (远离的远离的); it can keep a 2 with very little effort. I will give3. A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting4. We had been close as5but had grown apart. Our meetings were not6; our conversation was filled

27、with arguments and quarrels; and every effort to clear the air seemed to only 7our misunderstanding. Then he8a small island in the Caribbean and we9touch. One day he wrote me a letter. He described his island and its people, told me what he was doing, said how he felt, and encouraged me to10. Reread

28、ing the letter, I was11by its humor(幽默幽默)and clever expressions. These were all qualities for which I had12respected my older brother but13he no longer had them. I hadnever known he could write so14. And with that one letter we became friends15. It might never have occurred to16to write me if he had

29、 not been in a place where there were no17. For him, writing was a necessity. It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch. Because we live in an age of18communication(通讯通讯), people often19 that they dont always have to phone or email. They have a20. And that is to write. 【文章大意【

30、文章大意】这是一篇议论文这是一篇议论文, 通过描述作者与哥哥的交往变化来阐述书信在通过描述作者与哥哥的交往变化来阐述书信在交流中的重要性。交流中的重要性。1. A. receivedB. rewrittenC. returnedD. reread【解析【解析】选选D。此处指一封信可以被欣赏、被读然后再被读几遍。故选。此处指一封信可以被欣赏、被读然后再被读几遍。故选D。2. A. recordB. promise C. friendshipD. secret【解析【解析】选选C。keep a record“记录记录”, keep a promise“遵守诺言遵守诺言”, keep a frien

31、dship“保持友谊保持友谊”, keep a secret“保守秘密保守秘密”。根据上下文可知此处指信。根据上下文可知此处指信件可以不很费力就能保持两人的友谊。件可以不很费力就能保持两人的友谊。3. A. an exampleB. a lessonC. an experienceD. a talk【解析【解析】选选A。give an example“举例举例”, give a lesson “上课上课”, give an experience“体验一次体验一次”, give a talk“作报告作报告”。根据下文的内容可知此处作者。根据下文的内容可知此处作者给我们举了个例子。故选给我们举了个

32、例子。故选A。4. A. throughB. togetherC. alongD. away【解析【解析】选选C。get through “完成完成, 打通电话打通电话”, get together“聚会聚会”, get along “进展进展, 相处相处”, get away“离开离开”。根据下文可知作者与他的哥哥几年前相处。根据下文可知作者与他的哥哥几年前相处得不好。故此处选得不好。故此处选C。5. A. brothersB. childrenC. fellowsD. classmates【解析【解析】选选B。根据空后面的。根据空后面的but had grown apart可知小时候两个人

33、很亲密。可知小时候两个人很亲密。所以选所以选B。6. A. normalB. necessaryC. pleasantD. possible【解析【解析】选选C。根据后面的。根据后面的our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels可知此处指我们的见面都是不愉快的。故选可知此处指我们的见面都是不愉快的。故选C。7. A. deepen B. startC. expressD. settle【解析【解析】选选A。句意。句意: 我们努力想消除我们之间的误会我们努力想消除我们之间的误会, 但每一次的努力却加但每一次的努力却加深了误解。此处

34、深了误解。此处clear the air表示表示“消除消除(误会、紧张、猜疑气氛误会、紧张、猜疑气氛), deepen表示表示“加深加深”。8. A. touredB. stoppedC. reachedD. moved to【解析【解析】选选D。根据下文的。根据下文的It might never have occurred to_to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no_. 可知作者的哥哥是住在可知作者的哥哥是住在了一个没有现代通讯的岛上。而不是去旅游。故选了一个没有现代通讯的岛上。而不是去旅游。故选D。 9.

35、 A. lostB. kept inC. neededD. got in【解析【解析】选选A。lose touch“失去联系失去联系”, keep in touch “保持联系保持联系”, need touch“需要联系需要联系”, get in touch“取得联系取得联系”。根据上下文可知作者的哥哥去。根据上下文可知作者的哥哥去了一个没有现代通讯的小岛了一个没有现代通讯的小岛, 两人失去了联系。另外。根据下文的两人失去了联系。另外。根据下文的It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch. 也可推知答案是也

36、可推知答案是A。10. A. thinkB. writeC. enjoyD. read【解析【解析】选选B。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥鼓励作者给他写信。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥鼓励作者给他写信。11. A. driven B. beatenC. surprisedD. honored【解析【解析】选选C。句意。句意: 再读这封信再读这封信, 信中的幽默以及聪明的表达使我感到吃惊。信中的幽默以及聪明的表达使我感到吃惊。根据后面一句也可知作者认为他的哥哥现在没有这种幽默了根据后面一句也可知作者认为他的哥哥现在没有这种幽默了, 而这种幽默仍在而这种幽默仍在, 所以作者很吃惊。所以作者很吃惊。12. A

37、. neverB. seldomC. sometimesD. once【解析【解析】选选D。once在此表示在此表示“曾经曾经”。指作者曾经因为哥哥的幽默而尊敬他。指作者曾经因为哥哥的幽默而尊敬他。13. A. realizedB. judgedC. thoughtD. expected【解析【解析】选选C。此处空前面省略了。此处空前面省略了I。句意是。句意是: 我认为他已经不再幽默了。我认为他已经不再幽默了。14. A. wellB. oftenC. muchD. soon【解析【解析】选选A。根据上文的。根据上文的Rereading the letter, I was_by its hum

38、or and clever expressions. 可知作者从来不知道他的哥哥会写这么好的信。故选可知作者从来不知道他的哥哥会写这么好的信。故选A。 15. A. laterB. anyhowC. tooD. again【解析【解析】选选D。由上下文可知我们又成为了好朋友。由上下文可知我们又成为了好朋友。16. A. usB. anyoneC. someoneD. my brother【解析【解析】选选D。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥可能不会想到给我写信。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥可能不会想到给我写信。It occurred to sb. to do sth. 表示某人突然想起做某事。表示某人突然想起做某事。17. A. mail servicesB. transport services C. phonesD. relative【解析解析】选选C。根据下一句。根据下一句For him, writing was a necessity. 以及下文的以及下文的 Beca