LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION3

1、LSAT考试全真试题一 SECTI0N3LSAT考试全真试题一 SECTION3LSAT 考试全真试题一 SECTION3sectio niiitime-35 minu tes26 questi onsdirections: each passage in this section if followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. for some questions, more than one of the choices

2、could con ceivably an swer the questio n, however, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completelyanswers thequesti on, and blacke n the corresp ondingspace on youran swer sheet.the fairness of the judicial process depends on the objective prese ntati on

3、of facts to an impartial jury made up of on es peers. prese nt the facts, and you have a fair trial(5)however,fact-fi ndi ng,especially forin terpers onaldisagreeme nts,is not sostraightforwardandisofte ncon tam in atedby variablesthat reachbeyondthelegaldoma in.(10)a trialis an attemptto transportj

4、urors tothetimeand place of the disputedeve nt, to recreate the disputedeve nt, or at least to explai n that eve nt with maximum accuracy.a trial falls short of this goal, however.(15)because it presents selectedwitnesses who recitememories concerningselected observatio nsof the disputedeve nt. thes

5、e multipleselected portionsof their respective selecti ons are referred to as the abstracti on process.(20)limitatio ns in both percepti on and memory are resp on sible for the fact that the remembered eve nt contains on ly a fracti on of the detail prese ntduri ng the actual eve nt,and the delay be

6、twee n observatio n and(25)recitationcauses witnesses memories to lose even more of the origi nal perceptio ns. dur ing the course of a trial, a wit nesss recitati on of the no w-abstracted eve nts may reflect selected disclosure based on his or her(30)attitudes andmotivati onssurro undingthattestim

7、 ony. furthermore, the in cide nts reported are depe ndent on the lines of i nquiry established by the attor neys invo Ived.accord in gly, the recited data are a(35)fracti on of the remembered data, which are a fractio n of the observed data, which are a fracti on of the total data for the eve nt. a

8、fter the eve nt that led to the trial has bee n abstracted by participa nts in the trial, jurors(40)are expected to resolve factual issues. some of the jurors con clusi ons are based on facts that were directly recited; others are found inferen tially. here ano therabstracti onprocess takes place. d

9、iscussi ons duri ng deliberati ons.(45)add to the collective pool of recalled evidentiary perceptions; nonetheless, the jurors abstraction processes further reduce the nu mber of characteristics traceable to thenu mber of characteristics traceable to the origi nal eve nt.(50)complicati on can arise

10、from false abstracti ons at eachstage. studies have show n that wit nesses recall hav ing perceived in cide nts that are known to be abse nt from a give n eve nt. conv ersely, jurors can remember(55)hearingevidenee that is unaccountedfor in courttran scripts.expla nati ons for these phe nomena range

11、 from blasthrough prior conditioningor observer expectationto taullyreportage of the eve nt based on the eve nt based on the(60)constraintsof alnguage.aberrant abstractions inpercepti on or deliberate, but reliability is n evertheiess diluted.fin ally, deliberate un truthf uln ess has always(65)been

12、 recognized as a risk of testimoniat evidenee. such in te ntio nallyfalse in accuracies produced by theabstracti on process.1. in this passage, the authors main purpose is to(a) discuss a process that jeopardizes the famn ess of jurytrials(b) an alyzea methodology that safeguards thein dividuals rig

13、ht to fair trial(c) explai n why jurors should view eyew in ess testim ony with skepticism(d) defe ndthe trial-by-jury process, despite itslimitati ons(e) point out the un avoidable abuses that have crept intothe judicral process2. the author con siders all of the follow ing obstacies to afair trial

14、 exceft(a) selective perceptio ns(b) faulty com muni cati ons(c) partial disclosures(d) inten ti onal falsificati ons(e) too few abstracti ons3. the author would most likely agree that the abstracti on process occurs in the judicial process primarily because(a) some jurors conclusions are based on f

15、acts rather tha n on inferen ces(b) rememberedevents depend upon an undividualsemoti ons(c) human beings are the sources and users of data prese nted in trials(d) it is difficult to distinguishbetween deliberatefaise nood and uninten tio nal selected disclosure(e) wit nesses ofte n dispute on eano t

16、hers recoliecti ons of eve nts4.it can be in ferred that the author believes the ability of juries to resolve factual issues is(a) lmited by any in dividual jurors tendency to draw inferen ces from the facts prese nted duri ng the trial(b) overwhelmedby the collective pool of recalledevide ntiary pe

17、rceptio ns(c) unaffected by the process of tryingto reenact theeve nt leadi ng to the trial(d) depe ndent upon the jurys ability to un dersta nd thein flue nee of the abstracti on process on testim ony(e) subject to the same limitationsof perceptionandmemory that affect wit nesses5. with which one o

18、f the followi ng stateme nts would the author most likely agree?(a) if deliberate un truthfu In ess were all the courts had to contend with, jury trials would be fairer tha n they are today.(b) lack of moral sta ndards is more of an impedime nt to a fair trial tha n huma n frailty.(c) the bulk of th

19、e in accuraciesproduced by theabstracti on process are innocen tly prese nted and rarely haveany serious con seque nces.(d) if the in accuraciesresult ing from the abstracti onprocess persist, the present trial-by-jury system is likely to become a thi ng of the past.(e) once inten ti onal falsificat

20、i on of evide nee is elimi natedfrom trials, ensuringan accurate presentationof facts willeasily follow.6. the authors attitude toward the abstracti on process that occurs whe n wit nesses testify in a trial can best be describedas(a) con fide ntthat wit nesses can be con diti onedtoovercome many li

21、mitati ons of memory(b) concerned that it may un derm ine wit nesses ability to accurately describe the origi nal eve nt in dispute(c) critical of witnessesmotivationswhen deliveringtestim ony(d) in differe nt toward the effect the abstracti on processhas on testim ony(e) suspicious of wit nesseseff

22、orts to describeremembered eve nts truthfully7. give n the in formatio n in the passage, the actual eve ntthat is disputed in a jury trial is most like(a) a group of job applica nts that is n arrowed dow n to afew fin alists(b) a subject that is photographed from varjed and in creas in gly dista nt

23、van tage points(c) scraps of fabric that are sewn together to make anin tricately desig ned quilt(d) a puzzle that is un systematically assembled throughtrial and error(e) a lie that is compo un ded by additi on al lies in order tobe main tai neda medical article once pointed with great alarm to ani

24、n crease in can cer among milk drin kers. can cer, it seems, wasbeco ming in creas in gly freque nt in new en gla nd,(5) minn esota, wisc onsin, and switzerla nd, where a lot ofmilk is produced and consumed, while remaining rare in ceyIon, where milk is scarce. for further evidenee it was poin ted o

25、ut that can cer was less freque nt in some(10)states of the souther n un ited states where less milkwas con sumed. also, it was poin ted out, milk-dri nking en glish wome n get some kinds of can cer eightee n times as freque ntly as japa nese wome n who seldom drink milk(15)a little digging mightunc

26、over quite a number ofways to acco unt for these figures but one factor is eno ugh byitself to show them up. can cer is predo minan tly a disease thatstrikes in middle life or after. switzerla nd(20)and the states of the united states mentionedfirstare alike in hav ing populati ons with relatively l

27、ong spa ns of life.en glish wome n at the time the study was made were livi ng an average of twelve years Ion ger tha nhele n m. walker hasof the folly in assuming(25)japa nesewome fessorworked out an amusing illustrationtwo things varythere must be cause and effect whenever together. i n inv e

28、stigati ng the(30)relatio nship betwee n age and some physical characteristics of wome n, beg in by measuri ng the an gle of the feet in walk ing. you will find that the an gle tends to be greater among older wome n. you might first con sider whether(35)this indicates that women grow older because t

29、hey toe out, and you can see immediately that this is ridiculous. so it appears that age in creases the an gle betwee n the feet, and most wome n must come to toe out more(40)as they grow older.any such conclusion is probably false and certainly un warra nted. you could only reach it legitimately by

30、 study ing the same wome n-or possibly equivale nt groups-over a period of(45)time. that wouldeliminatethe factor responsiblehere, which is that the older wome n grew up at a time whe n a young lady was taught to toe out in walking,while themembers of the youn ger group were(50)lear ning posture in

31、a day whe n that was discouraged.whe n you find somebody-usually an in terested party-mak ing a fuss about a correlati on, I ook first of all to see if it is not (55) one of this type, produced by the stream of eve nts, the trend of the times. in our time it is easy to show a positive correlationbet

32、ween any pair of things like these:nu mber of stude nts in college, nu mber of inm ates(60)in mental institutions,consumption of cigarettes, in cide nee of heart disease, use of x-ray mach in es, producti onof false teeth, salaries of California school teachers, profits ofn evada gambli ng halls. to

33、 call some one(65)of these the cause of some otheris manifestly silly.but it is done every day.8. the authors con clusi on about the relatio nship betwee nage and the ways wome n walk in dicates he believes that(a) toe ing out is associated with aging(b) toe ing out is fashi on able with the youn ge

34、r gen erati on(c) toe ing out was fashi on able for an older gen erati on(d) study ing equivale nt groups proves that toe ing out in creases with age(e) studyingthe same women over a period of timeproves that toe ing out in creases with age.9. the author describes the posited relati on ship betwee n

35、toeing out and age (li nes 29-40) in order to(a) illustrate a folly(b) show how social attitudes toward posture cha nge(c) expla in the effects of agi ng(d) illustrate a medical problem(e) offer a method to determ ine a woma ns age from her footpri nts.10. given the authors statements in the passage

36、, his advice for evaluating statistics that show a high positive correlation between two conditions could include all the followi ng stateme nts except(a) look for an expla natio n in the stream of eve nts(b) consider some trend of the times as the possible cause of both con diti ons(c) acco unt for

37、 the correlati ons in some way other tha n causality(d) determine which of the two conditionsis the causeand which is the effect(e) decide whether the con clusi ons have bee n readched legitimately and the appropriate group ings have bee n made.11. assume that there is a high statistical correiation

38、 betwee n college atte ndan cea nd in dividual earnin gs. give n this,the author would most probably agree with which one of the followi ngstateme nts about the cause-effectrelati on shipbetwee n college atte ndance and in come?(a) some on es pote ntial earnings may be affected by other variables, l

39、ike wealth or intelligenee, that are also associated with college atte ndan ce.(b) some one who atte nds graduate school will be rich.(c) some one who atte nds graduate school will earn moremoney tha n some one who does not.(d) some one who atte nds college will earn more moneythan some one who does

40、 not atte nd college.(e) some who atte nds college will earn more money only because she does atte nd college.12. according to the author professor walker beheves that(a) women who toe out age more rapidly than women who do not(b) most wome nt toe out as they grow older because age in creases the an

41、 gle betwee n the feet.(c) older women tend to walk with a greateranglebetwee n the feet(d) toe ing out is the reas on why wome n grow old(e) a causal relati on ship must exist whe never two thi ngsvary together13. the author would reject all the followi ng stateme nts about cause-effectrelati on sh

42、ipsas expla natio nsfor thestatistics that show an in crease in can cer rates except that the(a) cey Ion gese drink more milk tha n the en glish(b) swiss produce and con sume large qua ntities of dairy products(c) womenof new englanddrink more milk than thewome n who live in some states of the south

43、er n un ited states(d) peopleof wisc onsinhave relatively highlifeexpecta ncies(e) people who live in some states of the souther n un itedstates have relatively high life expecta ncies14. how would the author be most likely to explain thecorrelati on betwee n the salaries of califor nia school teach

44、ersand the profits of n evada gambli ng halls (li nes 63-64)?(a) there is a positive correlati on that is probably due tocaliforniateachers workingin las vegas on weekendstoin crease both their salaries and in crease both their salaries and n evadas gambli ng profits.(b) there is a positive correlat

45、i on that is probably linkedto gen eral econo mic tre nds, put no direct causal relatio nship exists.(c) there is a n egative correlati on that is probably lin kedto gen eral econo mic tre nds, but no direct causal relatio nshipexists.(d) there is a negative correlation because the elementthat contr

46、ols las vegas gambling probablyhas agents in thecalitor nia school system.(e) the author would deny the existe nee of any correlati on whatsoever.in most developedcountries, men have higher salaries,on average, than women.much of the salary differentialresults from the tendency of wome n to be in lo

47、wer-pay ing(5) occupatio ns. thequesti onof whether thisoccupationalemploymentpattern can be attributed to sexdiscriminationis a complex one. in fact, wage differentialsamong occupatio ns are the norm rather tha n the(10)exception. successful athletes commonly earn more than no bel prize-w inning ac

48、ademics; gifted artists ofte n cannot earn eno ugh to survive, while mediocre inv estme nt ban kers prosper. give n such differe nces ,the questi on(15 )n aturallyarises: tale nt and ability being equal whydoes anyon e-ma n or woma n-en ter a low-pay ing occupati on?one obviousan swer is pers onal c

49、hoice. an in dividualmayprefer, for example, to teach math at a modest(20)salary rather than to become a more highly paid electrical engineer.somepeople argue that personal choicealso expla ins sex-related wage differe ntials, accord ing to this expla nati on, many wome n.(25)because they place a hi

50、gh priority on pare nting and performi nghousehold services, choose certa in careers in which they are free to enter and leave the work force with minimum pen alty. they may choose to(30)acquire skills, such as typing and salesclerking, that do not depreciate rapidly with temporary abse nces from th

51、e work force. they may avoid occupati onal specialties that require exte nsive training periods, l ong and(35)unpredictablehours, and willingness to relocate, allof which make speclalzati on in domestic activities problematic. by choos ing to in vest less in develop ong their career pote ntial and t

52、o expe nd less effort outside(40)the home,wome nmust, accord ing to thisexplanation,pay a price in the from of lower salaries. butwomen cannot be consideredthe victims of discriminationbecause they prefer the lower-pav ing occuparti ons to(45)hugher-pay ing on es.analter nativeexpla nati onfor sex-r

53、elated wagediffere ntials is thatwome ndo not volun tarllychooselower-pay ingoccupati onsbut are forced into them byemployers and(50)social prejudices.accordingto proponentsof thisview, employers who discrim in ate may refuse to hire qualified wome n for relatively high-pay ing occupatio ns. more ge

54、n erally, subtle society-wide prejudices may in duce(55)womento avoid certain occupations in favor ofothers that are con sidered more suitable. in deed, the choice of wome n to specialize inpare nti ngand perform inghousehold services may itself result from these subtle(60)prejudices. whether the di

55、scrimi natio n is by employers in a particular occupati on or by society as a whole is irrelevant; the effect will be the same. further, if such discrimi natio n does occur, wome n exchuded from certa in(65)occupati ons will flood others, and this in crease in supply will have a depress ing effect o

56、n wages in occupatio ns domin ated by wome n15. which one of the following is the best little for the passage?(a) wage differe ntials betwee n men and wome n(b) women in low-payingoccupations: do they have achoice?(c) sex discrimi natio n in the workplace(d) the role of social prejudice in wome ns c

57、areers.(e) home vs. office: how does the modernwomanchoose?16. in stating that successful athletes commonlyearnmore tha n n obel prize-w inning academics (li nes 10-11), the authors primary purpose is to(a) dem on stratethat educati on has little to do withmaking money(b) suggest that people with tale nt and ability should noten ter low-pay ing occupati ons(c) show that highly paid occupati onsgen erally requirelong hours and exte nsive tra ining(d) imply that a person can be successf