the way to rainy mountain 词汇

1、Para1 It is an old landmark.any prominent or well-known feature of a particular landscape, such as a tree, a hill or a building serving to identify a particular locality(synonym) turning point , watershed(分水岭; 分水线2. 转折点3. 流域) 1. 界标 2. 目标,明显的标志3. 里程碑 4. 有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址) Is there any landmark there? 那有什

2、么标志吗？ Leaving her first job was a watershed in her life. Winter-blizzards 暴风雪 Spring-tornadic winds龙卷风 Summer-an anvils edge铁砧边缘一样热和硬 Grass-brittle，brown 又脆又黄 cracks裂开的声音 The grass turns brittle and brown. (para 1) There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, willow and witch hazel. (para 1) G

3、reat green-and yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in tall grass (para 1)Alliteration (头韵法): the repetition of an initial sound, usually of a consonant in two or more words of a phrase, a line of poetry, etc. brittle and brown, willow and witch hazel, great green-and-yellow grasshoppers easily broken

4、 and cracked because it is hard and inflexible.Foliage:植物的叶子(总称）；叶子及梗和枝 eg: Most trees lose their foliage in winter. 大多数树木在冬天落叶。Whithe :to twist and turn the body as in agnoy. （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚 eg: He was writhing on the ground in agony. 他痛苦地在地上打滚。 All things in the plain are isolate; there is no confus

5、ion of objects in the eye.(para.1) 平原上的一切都是疏离开来的， 所见之物不会混杂在一起让人看不清楚。The word eye is used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight, but mans power of seeing or observing. Some other idioms with the word eye in the singular form:To have your eye on somethingNot to see eye to eyeTo have

6、a good eye for somethingTo be good at noticing and recognizing what is attractive, valuableTo have noticed somethingTo disagree with someoneMore complicated than it seems to be at firstTo my eyeIn my opinionMore than meets the eyepara3 But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposit

7、ion rather than of survival. much more importantly a particular type of character which makes someone more likely to behave or react in a certain way; temperament；an inclination, tendency Warfare was important for the Kiowas more because of their militant tendency than because of their need for surv

8、ival. The Kiowas often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of habit, character, nature not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. 出于本性a matter of disposition 指人的主要爱好或思想、精神方面的重要习性、气质。也可指短暂的情绪。He has a cheerful disposi

9、tionHe has made a good disposition of his propertyThey showed a disposition to sign the contractShe has a calm and introverted dispositiongrim: 冷酷的，无情的冷酷的，无情的 eg: His expression was grim when he told them that whey had lost their jobs. 当他告诉他们说他们已经被解雇时，他的表情十分冷酷。 讨厌的，糟糕的讨厌的，糟糕的 eg: Ive had a grim day.

10、 我渡过了不愉快的一天。Unrelenting:持续不断的，不松懈的，不屈不饶的持续不断的，不松懈的，不屈不饶的 eg: He was unrelenting in his pursuit of legal mandate. 他坚决要求得到合法的托管权。 My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten years. - Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closu

11、re for holding animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event. The Kiowas were humiliated because they were treated like animals.to save or free a person from sth.免除，省去 but she must have know from birth the affliction of defeat, the dark brooding of old warriors. - From her early child

12、hood, she must have heard what had happened from her parents and grandparents. Therefore she must have known the great pain and distress brought by defeat, and she must have seen how they had kept thinking about their defeat in a gloomy and hopeless way. 郁闷的，沉思的para4 It was a long journey to the daw

13、n. They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new plains culture, which led to the great moment (golden age) in their history. 2 meanings: daybreak and the beginning of something. The sunThe new era of their history They acquired horses, and their ancient nom

14、adic spirit was suddenly free of the ground. With horses, they suddenly became horsemen galloping on horseback instead of nomads (游牧部落人) walking on foot all the time as before. Their ancient nomadic spirit was liberated from the ground. They acquired Tai-me, the sacred Sun Dance doll, from that mome

15、nt, the object and symbol of their worship, and so shared in the divinity of the sun. They came into possession of Tai-me, the object and symbol of their worship, i.e. the Sun Dance religion. This object was worshiped by all the tribes that regarded the sun as deitydi:iti: /god. 神in all the tribes t

16、hat regarded the sun as god Not least, they acquired the sense of destiny, therefore courage and pride.last but not least, equally important 同样重要的是 From one point of view, their migration was the fruit of an old prophecy, for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. in a sense, in a way从某种程度上说 orig

17、in myth. 起源神话. the mountains of western Montana where they had lived before their migration to the Great Plains. Those mountains were so high and were covered with such dense forests that the sunlight could not penetrate or pass through them. In a sense, their migration confirmed the ancient myth th

18、at they entered the world from a hollow log, for they did emerge from the sunless world of the mountains. Although my grandmother lived out her life the continental interior lay like memory in her blood. Although my grandmother never left the Rainy Mountain, the immense landscape of the Great Plains

19、 lay in her memory as if she had lived there herself.The continental interior refers to the Great Plains I wanted to see in reality what she had seen more perfectly in the minds eye, see sth in reality: see sth with ones own eyes见识in the minds eye: in imagination想象中的,心目中的what she had seen more perfe

20、ctly: her perfect world Aho had never been to places like Black Hills, but she had seen them quite well in imagination, for she had heard so much about them from the older generations. It is through the oral tradition theat Kiowa culture heritage has been handed down from generation to generation.re

21、ckon 认为，估计，把.看作 指望，想要，猜想 to calculate an amount,a number,etc eg. Do you still reckon him among your friends?(你还认为他是你的朋友吗？) Dont reckon the gain and loss that clearly;just let it be.(别把得失算的那么清楚，一切顺其自然吧） reckon with :估计到，预料到，处理，对付 eg. They had many difficulties to reckon with.(他们有许多困难奥应付） reckon on :依

22、靠，指望 eg. Were reckoning on your support.（我们正指望着你的支持）stature 1.natural height of the body 身高 2.名望 eg.She was rather small in stature.(她身材矮小） statue-站着的姿势-塑像 status-站立的位置-地位 stature-站立的高度-身高 statute-已确立之物-法令descend vi move from a higher level to a lower one 下落，下降 （from)起源于，是.的后裔 （to)把身份降至，沦为 vt 走下，爬下

23、descend from:1.从.下来 2.由.传下来.eg.According to Darwins theory of evolution,man is descending fron the apes. descend on/upon: 突然袭击，突然拜访 eg.The troops descended upon the enemy camp. descend to (doing ) sth: 1.下降到 2.堕落成 eg. He descended to begging.luxuriant adj. marked by complexity and richness of detail

24、; produced or growing in extreme abundance繁茂的；丰富的；奢华的；肥沃的 (须发)浓密的; 健康的 Eg: There were two very large oak trees in front of our house with wide spreading branches and luxuriant foliage. 那时我们家门口有两棵枝广叶茂的大橡树。 Hair thats thick and luxuriant needs regular trimming. 健康浓密的头发需要定期修剪。billow n. 波浪般滚滚向前的东西（如烟、火等

25、） 巨浪，波涛 vi （of smoke,cloud,or steam)move or flow with an undulating motion(波浪似的）翻滚，汹涌 eg. An angry billow almost swallowed the ship.(怒涛几乎吞没了这条船） eg. Flames and smoke billowed over the prairie.(草原上空烟火滚滚）Precisely Adv. Precisely means accurately and exactly; just as it should be准确地, 精确地；恰恰 eg: Thats p

26、recisely what I dont want you to do. 那恰恰是我不想让你做的。 The first bell rang at precisely 10:29 a.m. 第一遍铃声在上午10：29准时响起。profusion n. 极丰富, 大量 浪费, 挥霍 慷慨大方 eg. a profusion of fruits on the market 市场上大量的各种水果 eg.flowers blooming in profusion 盛开的花朵 eg.He is liberal to profusion. 他挥霍无度。veer vi.&vt. turn sharply; c

27、hange direction abruptly(使)突然转向 n. a change of course or direction; to turn or swing around(人、风、道路等）转向，改变方向 （话题、感情等）改变 Eg. The plane veered off the runway and crashed through the perimeter fence. 这架飞机突然偏离了跑道并且冲断了周边的护栏。wean V. 使断奶 使脱离, 使疏远(from); 使断绝(from) eg. He was sent away to school to wean him f

28、rom bad companions.(送他上学, 以便与坏的伙伴断绝来往。)crust n. (一片）面包皮，糕饼等的酥皮 外壳，硬的表面 the exterior portion of the earth 地壳 eg. He threw the crust of bread away.(他扔掉了面包皮） eg. movement of the earths crust(地壳运动）engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，造成，引起 eg. The issue engendered controversy. blems

29、 engendered by the restructuring of the companytremble vi 发抖，颤栗，焦虑，摇晃 vt. 使挥动，用颤抖的声音说出 n. 颤抖，战栗，摇晃 eg.In other places it seems he enjoyed the slight tremble and wander of his hand.(在其他地方，他似乎挺满意手上轻微的颤抖和晃动。）scoren.(比赛中的）比分，得分（记录）（学生考试的）分数乐谱刻痕二十v.得分，获分记下，记住，计算记入总谱，作成管弦乐make a cut,scratch on (a surface)

30、在某物上刻痕，划痕in score 大量地，大批地on that score 在那一点上，就那么一点来说scores of 许多，大量与数词（或many，several）连用时不加S tenuous 纤细的，脆弱的 稀薄的，贫乏的 eg.If our self respect is based on the praise of other,then our self respect will be very tenuous.(如果我们的自我尊重建立在他人的表扬之上，那么这种自我尊重将是非常脆弱的） reverence n. 崇敬；尊严；敬礼 v. 敬畏，尊敬 eg. In all her ac

31、tions,her reverence for her husband was the one thing that stood out.（在她的一切行为当中，对于丈夫的尊敬是最突出的） awe vt.使敬畏，使畏怯 n.敬畏 eg.I leave the shutter open and just sit in awe of it all.(我让快门一直打开，坐在一边，对大自然的一切充满敬畏）have come a long way to have developed or changed a lot.eg.Women in leadership have come a long way,

32、but they still have a long way to go.女性在领导权上已经走了很长一段路，不过，她们的道路仍然很漫长。We have come a long way in this country, and we cannot allow complacency or naivet to prevent us from finishing the journey. 在我们这个国家，我们还有一段很长的路要走，我们不能允许自满或天真来阻止我们完成这段旅程。rite 仪式，典礼 惯例，习俗 eg.last rites：(宗）临终祈祷 eg.rite of passage:通过仪式，

33、人生大事及其庆祝仪式 eg.The festival descends from a Chinese rite.(这个节日源自一个中国的仪式。）consummate vt. 使结束, 使完美 We consummated an agreement after a year of negotiation. 经过一年的谈判, 我们达成了协议。impale v. to push a sharp pointed object through sth 刺穿，钉住 impale on/upon:钉在 eg.But now Im worried that were going to impale our c

34、ar,or even ourselves on the metal bars sticking out from the house.barter v. to exchage goods,work,or services for other goods or services rather than for money 以物易物。以等价物交换 barter away:把.便宜地卖掉 barter （with sb.) for sth./barter sth for sth:物物交换，以货易货slaughter V. 屠宰，屠杀，杀戮 使惨败 n. 屠宰，屠杀，杀戮，消灭 eg. slaught

35、er house 屠宰场 eg.As president,I refused to wait for the images of slaughter and mass graves before taking action,(作为总统，我拒绝等待在看到屠杀和集体坟场的场面时采取行动） posture 姿势；姿态；仪态；体位 态度；立场 情形；形势；态势；状态 (物体各部分的)布置；相对位置 心境，心情；精神准备 模特儿摆的姿势 身体的扭曲；装模作样的姿势(或样子) body posture 体位；姿态；身体姿式.peculiar adj. 特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的 n. 特权；特有财产M

36、r. Kennet has a rather peculiar sense of humour.肯尼特先生有一种相当不寻常的幽默感。搭配：be peculiar to 为。所独有peculiarity n. 奇怪，怪癖skillet a small frying-pan 煎锅wear away v. cut away in small pieces 同义词： whittle away whittle down diminish, as by friction 同义词： wear off become ground down or deteriorate 磨损；消磨；流逝 e.g.That is

37、 why the machine parts wear away during use. 这就是机器零件在使用中磨损的原因。opaque upeik adj. not clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy opaque windows of the jail; opaque to X-rays not clearly understood or expressed 同义词： unintelligible adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 n. 不透明物 vt. 使不透明；使不反光feast fi:st .

38、n. 筵席，宴会；节日a ceremonial dinner party for many people同义词： banquetsomething experienced with great delighta feast for the eyesa meal that is well prepared and greatly enjoyedthe Thanksgiving feast同义词： banquet spreadan elaborate party (often outdoors)同义词： fete fiestav. 享受；款待，宴请partake in a feast or ban

39、quet同义词： banquet junketprovide a feast or banquet for同义词： banquet junketgratify同义词： feed The fruit was often served at wedding feasts. 婚宴上常有水果供应。 She stood feasting her eyes on the view. 她站着尽情欣赏着那片景色。 短语： feast on 尽情欣赏；尽情享受；大吃大喝 Feast ones eyes on 大饱眼福 e.g.He put some bran and some parsley into his

40、bag, and then waited for some innocent rabbit to feast on the dainties. 他在袋子里放了一些麸皮和香菜，然后就等一些无知的兔子来享受美味了。kerosene kersin n. a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters 煤油，火油 相关短语： aviation kerosene 喷气机用煤油，航空煤油 kerosene lamp 煤油灯 kerosene engine 煤油引擎，煤油机；煤油发动机 lean V. to incline or b

41、end from a vertical position 倾斜，使依靠 搭配： lean upon: 倚靠，依靠 lean on sb. for help:倚靠某人帮助 e.g. Eileen leaned across and opened the passenger door. 艾琳探过身来打开了乘客门。ample mpl adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的 more than enough in size or scope or capacity had ample food for the party; an ample supply affording an abundant supp

42、ly had ample food for the party 同义词： copious plenteous plentiful rich fairly large an ample waistline; of ample proportions 同义词： sizable sizeable e.g. Therell be ample opportunity to relax, swim and soak up some sun. 将会有充足的机会来放松、游泳和接受一些阳光。 词组： ample for 广大的,足够的 ample for sbs needs 足够应付某人的需要 S+be+pre

43、p.-phrase Thirty dollars will be ample for the purpose.有30美元足够用了。 The money her mother gave her was ample for lunches.母亲给她的钱足够吃午饭用。indulge ndld vt.迁就，纵容； 使满足； 使（自己）沉溺于； 使快乐 vi.纵容； 满足； 沉溺 I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money. 我从不放任子女，给他们大量零用钱。 短语 indulge in sth. 尽情享受某事物 indulge oneself 恣纵己意 Indulge games 沉溺游戏 Everyone should indulge in fantasy on occasion. 每个人都应偶尔沉浸在想像之中。.elaborate ilbrit adj. 复杂的；精心制作的；（结构）复杂的；精巧的 vi.add details, as to an account or id