1-词类转换法

1、Warming-up PracticeThe shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven or near the horizon.物体投影的长短物体投影的长短取决于取决于太阳是太阳是高挂高挂天空还是天空还是靠近靠近地平线。地平线。High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不高精度意味着高度的精确度，但

2、并不表明表明具有准确性。具有准确性。Warming-up Practice1. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.n 他们举行他们举行罢工罢工，要求要求工资工资增加增加40%。2. He is an enemy to reform.n 他他反对反对改革。改革。3. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.n 国与国社会制度的不同不应国与国社

3、会制度的不同不应妨碍妨碍彼此的接近与合作。彼此的接近与合作。 I. Converting to verbs4. I am afraid I cant teach you English. I think my daughter is a better teacher than I.n 恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教教得得好。好。5. The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.n 操作操作电脑需要一些英语知识。电脑需要一些英语知识。 I. Converting to verbsA

4、. 名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（一）具有动态意义的名词（一）具有动态意义的名词（1） “ of ” 结构（结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译：顺译与逆译n1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.n在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染n2. It has also provi

5、ded the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypothe

6、ses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.n3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions. n就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。n4. Insistence on human rightsn坚持人权坚持人权A. 名词转译成动词名

7、词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n5. Many people in industry and the service, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.n工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。n6. An acquaintance of world history is helpful t

8、o the study of current affairs.n练习：练习：n1. The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israels right to exist.n1967年联合国文件呼吁在以色列从被占领土撤军、阿拉伯世界年联合国文件呼吁在以色列从被占领土撤军、阿拉伯世界承认以色列生存权的基础上解决中东冲突

9、问题。承认以色列生存权的基础上解决中东冲突问题。n2. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.n发言人一个接一个地发言人一个接一个地 呼吁打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制呼吁打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度，解放全世界受压迫的人。度，解放全世界受压迫的人。n3. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nat

10、ions to curb the nuclear arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make one-site inspection of the Soviet Strategic-arsenal and Russias refusal.n到到1972年的时候，两国关于控制核军备竞赛的一切努力失败年的时候，两国关于控制核军备竞赛的一切努力失败了。美国坚持有权单方面核查苏联的战略核武器，但苏联拒绝了。美国坚持有权单方面核查苏联的战略核武器，但苏联拒绝了。了。A. 名词转译成动词名词转译成动词

11、（基本方法）（基本方法）n（二）（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。n1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.n看到看到我们的喷气式飞机，我们的喷气式飞机，听见听见隆隆的（机声）隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。，令我们特别神往。n2. As the week draw to a close, the enemy rout was complete.n一周快一周快结束结束时，时， 敌人彻底敌人彻底

12、溃退溃退了。了。A. 名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（三）（三）英语中有些以后缀英语中有些以后缀 er, -or 结尾的名词，在句中并指结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。n1. I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.n我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。n2. Talking

13、with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.n在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。n3. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.n他不吸烟，但他的父亲一支接一支抽个不停。他不吸烟，但他的父亲一支接一支抽个不停。A. 名词转译成动词名词转译成动词（基本方法）（基本方法）n（四）（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词n1. The nex

14、t news bulletin（新闻节目）新闻节目）, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.n2. She had high praise for Dr. Smith, although she complained about his strictness.n3.The party branch secretary showed great concern for the students healthn4. He has already made mention of the matter in his spee

15、ch.n练习（一）n1. The Census Bureau,the data agency charged with creating statistics on household incomes and their distribution, does not maintain an official definition of middle class status.n人口普查局是一个负责统计家庭收入和支配的统计机构，他并人口普查局是一个负责统计家庭收入和支配的统计机构，他并没有对。做出官方定义。没有对。做出官方定义。n2. During the half-hour talk, the

16、 two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation. n在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。运输方式。练习练习（二）（二）n1. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands t

17、he test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.n暗能量似乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间，暗能量似乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间， 不仅如此，如果它的存在能够经受时间的考验，不仅如此，如果它的存在能够经受时间的考验，那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。n2. The same is true of galaxy clusters, the largest coherent bodies in the universe-assemblages of thousa

18、nds of galaxies embedded in a vast cloud of hot gas and bound together by gravity.n对于星系群来说是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体，集中了数千个星系，埋藏在巨对于星系群来说是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体，集中了数千个星系，埋藏在巨大的热气云团中，由重力联系在一起。大的热气云团中，由重力联系在一起。n3. Scientists say that government construction of a multi-billion-dollar, permanent space station could ai

19、d in detecting natural disasters on earth in advance, conducting medical research and collecting solar energy to transmit back.n科学家认为，由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测地球上的自然科学家认为，由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测地球上的自然灾害，进行医学研究，以及收集太阳能并将其送回地面。灾害，进行医学研究，以及收集太阳能并将其送回地面。n4. The analysis will require the development

20、of new theoretical tools but should be within our grasp in the next few years.n要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具，不过今后几年中我们就会掌握分析的方法要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具，不过今后几年中我们就会掌握分析的方法。 I. Converting to verbsnA. 介词转译成动词。（介词转译成动词。（prep.-v.）n1. The road to development is long but we are firmly n on it.n 发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地发展的道路虽然漫长

21、，可我们已坚定地走了走了上这条路。上这条路。n2. He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his n hand.n 他在公园散步，手里他在公园散步，手里拿拿着一把伞。着一把伞。n3. It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped n areas will be finally off poverty.n 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱摆脱贫困。贫困。n4.The company has advertised in the newspaper fo

22、r n electronic experts.n 公司在报上登广告公司在报上登广告招聘招聘电子方面的专家。电子方面的专家。 II. Converting to verbs练习n1. In any machine, input work equals output work plus work done against friction.n输入功都等于输出功加上输入功都等于输出功加上克服克服摩擦所做的功。摩擦所做的功。n2. This type of film develops in twenty minutes.n冲洗词类胶片冲洗词类胶片需要需要20分钟。分钟。n3. An analog co

23、mputer manipulates data by analog means.n模拟计算机模拟计算机采用采用模拟方式处理数据。模拟方式处理数据。n4. The air plane barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and over the sea.n飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。n5. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lampsn党的干部吃简陋饿食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯

24、光，长时间的工作着。党的干部吃简陋饿食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的工作着。nB. 形容词转译成动词（形容词转译成动词（adj.-v.）n1.Integrity means you do what you do n because its right and not just fashionable n or politically correct.n 诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了了赶时髦赶时髦或在政治上或在政治上不出错不出错。n2.Dont be afraid of those who might have a n better

25、 idea or who might even be smarter n than you are.n 不要不要恐惧恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。能比你更聪明的人。n3. Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance n of the laboratory equipment?n 史密斯先生史密斯先生熟悉熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？实验室设备的性能吗？ II. Converting to verbs练习n1. If we were ignorant of the structure of the ato

26、m, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.n2. They were suspicious and resentful of him.n他们怀疑他、讨厌他。他们怀疑他、讨厌他。n3.They were not content with their present achievements.n4.The top-ranking Asian specialist was not sure whether the policy could save the situation.n高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时局

27、。高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时局。n5. If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear power plants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.n如果能从大型核电站如果能从大型核电站获得获得成本极低的电力，电解氢就会具有更大的竞争力。成本极低的电力，电解氢就会具有更大的竞争力。n6. The circuits are connected in parallel in the interest of a s

28、mall resistance.n将电路并联是将电路并联是 为了为了减小减小电阻。电阻。n7. Once inside the body, the vaccine separates from the gold particles and becomes “active”.n一旦进入体内，疫苗立即与微金粒分离并一旦进入体内，疫苗立即与微金粒分离并“激活激活”。n8. It is no wonder that scientists around the world are racing to harness fusion. But the race is costly and timeconsu

29、ming.n难怪全世界的科学家都在展开竞争，要驾驭聚变过程。但这一竞争既消耗资金又耗费难怪全世界的科学家都在展开竞争，要驾驭聚变过程。但这一竞争既消耗资金又耗费时间。时间。 C.副词转译为动词（副词转译为动词（adv.-v.）n1. What film will be on this evening?n 今晚今晚放映放映什么影片？什么影片？n2. That book will be out pretty soon.n 那本书不久就要那本书不久就要出版出版了。了。n3. In those years the republicans were in.n 那些年是共和党那些年是共和党执政执政。n4.

30、 Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out.n 安装双层窗安装双层窗御寒御寒。n5. The fatigue life test is over. 疲劳寿命试验疲劳寿命试验结束结束了。了。nIf one generator is out of order, the other will produce electricity instead.如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替代替它发电。它发电。n6. Such service will certainly go far in extending the li

31、fe cycle of older equipment.这种保养这种保养肯定肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期中大有作为。会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期中大有作为。nE. 动名词转译成动词（动名词转译成动词（gerund-v.）n 1. The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing.n 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚清楚。 II. Converting to verbsnA.动词转译为名词（动词转译为名词（v.-n.）n1.The book did not impress me at all.n 那本书没

32、留给我什么那本书没留给我什么印象印象。n2. Harry aims to become a computer expert.n 哈里的哈里的目标目标是成为计算机专家。是成为计算机专家。n3. Your work is characterized by lack of attention to n detail.n 你工作的你工作的毛病毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）是不注意细节。（粗心大意）n4. The machine weighs about five hundred kilograms.n 这台机器的这台机器的重量重量是是500公斤。公斤。 III. Converting to nouns

33、n5. When light falls on certain things, it bounces back, which we say the light is reflected.n 光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射的反射。n注意：注意： 如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。之搭配的动词。n6.The youths al

34、ways dream fondly of their future.n 年轻人对前途总是年轻人对前途总是怀有怀有美好的美好的梦想梦想。n7.Independent observers have commented favorably on n the achievements you have made in this direction.n 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予给予了很高的了很高的评价评价。 III. Converting to nounsnB. 形容词转译为名词形容词转译为名词 （adj.-n. ）n n1. Th

35、e day was cloudy but the sun was n trying to come through.n 天上天上有云有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。，不过太阳就要破云而出了。n2. Obedience is obligatory on a soldier.n 服从命令是军人的服从命令是军人的天职天职。n3. Many Western people are religious.n 很多西方人很多西方人/西方人多数都是西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒虔诚的教徒。 III. Converting to nounsn1. You are a greater blockhead than I ha

36、d n supposed you to be.n 你比我所想象得要你比我所想象得要傻傻得多（得多（n.adj.）n2. Our government shows great concern for n the Chinese resident abroad.n 我国政府十分关心我国政府十分关心海外海外华侨。华侨。n3. His address impressed me deeply.n 他的讲话给我留下他的讲话给我留下很深的很深的印象。印象。n4. From the front, back and both sides we n kept a strict watch on the enemy

37、.n 我们在前后左右我们在前后左右严密地严密地监视敌人。监视敌人。 IV. Converting to other parts of speechn1.He is the right man Im looking for.n 他他正正是我在找的人。是我在找的人。n2.The unit of weight is the gram, that of length is the n meter, and that of capacity is the liter.n 重量单位是克，长度重量单位是克，长度单位单位是米，容量是米，容量单位单位是升。是升。n3. The machine can dimen

38、sionally be changeable n according to consumers need.n 机器的在机器的在大小（或尺寸）大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。可以根据用户的需要改变。n4. All you have done is proportional to all you have n achieved. n 你的付出和所得你的付出和所得成正比成正比。 IV. Converting to other parts of speechn5. To be independent is an absolute necessity for young n people.n 独立

39、对年轻人来说是绝对独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的必要的。n6. In science, it is important to state a law or a principle accurately.n 在科学方面定律或定理的在科学方面定律或定理的准确准确叙述十分重要。叙述十分重要。n7. With slight repairs, the machine could be in motion.n 只要只要称加称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。修理，这台机器便可以运转。n8. The new mayor earned respect due to the courtesy of visiting the poor in the city.n 新市长新市长有礼貌有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。 IV. Converting to other parts of speechn在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或表语表语nThe pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at that moment.nThe spokesman admitted the feasibility of the Ame