基于SLP的设施规划与物流分析外文翻译

1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译设施规划学生姓名指导教师精选文库3外文资料来源及题目作者：James A. Tompkins书名：Facilities Planning出版商：John Wiley & So ns, 2010ISBN : 0470444045, 9780470444047译成中文后题目设施规划指导教师审阅意见:签名:精选文库4精选文库5设施规划在过去的十年间已经被赋予了全新的意义。在过去，设施规划一般政府、教育机构和企业已经不再单独相互竞争,现在这些实体或企业将彼此联合为合作企业、组织协会，并最终合成为供应链,将客户纳入到整个供应链过程以这些年来设施规划问题一直是一个热门话题。尽管

2、它已拥有很悠久的历史,引言被认为是一门科学。而在当今竞争激烈的全球市场，设施规划成为了一种策略。保持竞争力。但在目前的出版物、会议以及研究中，设施规划仍是最受欢迎的科目之一。 设施规划的处理已经从清单式或者菜单式的方法发展到了高度复杂的数学建模。在本 文中，我们使用了一个实用的设施规划方法， 其利用了实证以及同时包含传统和 现代概念的分析方法。值得提及的是，在本文中拥有很广泛的设施规划应用示例。例如，这本书的内容可以适用于一个新医院，一个装配部门，一个已有的仓库，或 者一个机场的行李部的规划。无论问题是发生在医院、生产工厂、配送中心、机 场、零售商店、学校、银行、还是办公室或者这些设施的任何部

3、分；无论是在一个发达国家的现代化设施还是在一个发展中国家的过时设施中，本文给出的材料 在进行规划时都非常有用。重要的是要认识到现代设施规划中将设施当作是一个 动态的实体，一个成功的设施规划方案的关键因素是其适应性以及适合全新应用 的能力。设施规划的定义当今的设施规划必须能够帮助组织实现供应链的优越性。实现供应链的优越 性是一个有六个步骤、或者说六个等级的过程。一如既往，这些步骤与优越性、 可见性、协同性、综合性、敏捷性等联系在一起。当一家公司最大化供应链的各个功能（采购-制造-运输-储存-销售），个体 部门（如金融、市场营销、销售、采购、信息技术、研发、生产、分配和人力资 源等部门）的目标就是

4、要成为公司最好的部门。 组织的有效性不是重点，每个组 织内的元素都需要试图在其个体范围内表现良好。设施规划James A. Tompkins精选文库6包括工厂、仓库和配送只有在每个人的环节都实现卓越的绩效之后，他或者她才能开始追求整个供 应链的卓越。为了实现供应链的优越性，公司必须摧毁内部的壁垒，直到整个组织能够作为一体来运作。公司通常拥有很多部门和设施，中心，如果一个组织希望追求卓越的供应链， 它就必须审视自身的内部，消除或 减少部门和设施之间界限，并且开始一个无休无止的持续改进之旅，在部门，车 间，供应链等级的设计与系统中必须要有战略和战术计划作为支持。卓越的供应链需要其中的每个人协同工作

5、。 然而，如果他们看不到对方, 供应链中的人就不能协同。可视化，作为供应链优越性的第三个等级，可以揭露 供应链中的每一个环节。它可以精简化供应链，因为其提供了供应链环节需要的 当前情形的信息。它被视为实现真正卓越的供应链的第一步。通过可视化，整个组织已经明白了在供应链中自己的角色并认识到其他的环 节。例如，一家电子公司允许其顾客利用一个网站来查看其电路板生产， 同时公 司收集这些顾客（感兴趣电路板）的信息提供给供应商。因此可视化需要共享信 息来使供应链清楚接下来的订单情况，并且这能够令人惊奇的精简化供应链。一旦供应链做到了可视化，就可以向着协同化进发，这是供应链优越性的第 四个等级。通过协同化

6、，供应链就能够决定如何最好的面对市场需求， 供应链将 作为一个整体运作来最大化顾客的满意度，同时最小化库存。协同化的实现需要 通过适当的技术应用和真正可靠的合作伙伴。现在存在着各种各样的协同技术， 正如可视化软件的情况一样，供应链必须选择正确的技术或者能够协同运作的一 系列技术的组合。而真正的伙伴关系需要供应链所有环节的完全承诺，这种承诺 基于信任和为了供应链利益而作为整体工作的共同愿望。当协同化也就位之后，供应链必须追求不断提高直到成为综合体的过程。合体是指所有供应链的联合以形成一个整体。它创造出了在顾客眼中的完整途 径。综合体的结果如下:1、增加资产收益率：通过最大化库存周转、最小化废弃库

7、存、最大化员工参与度、最大化持续改进来实现。2、提高顾客满意度：因为综合化使得公司能够通过定制响应客户的需求。综合化使得他们更明白什么是增值的活动， 同时清楚如何处理弹性的问题和不断 变化的顾客需求。他们完全理解高质量与努力提供高价值服务的意义。3、降低成本：通过审查运输成本、配送成本、库存成本、逆向物流成本、包装成本等，不断寻找方法来降低将商品交付给客户的总成本。4、整合的供应链：利用合作伙伴和各方面的交流沟通整合供应链，并专注于最终的客户。精选文库7综合体不是一蹴而就的。找到供应链各个环节之间的联系并消除其中的界线 是需要时间的。然而，如果所有的环节都一清二楚并做到了互相协作， 那么综合

8、化又是触手可及的。敏捷指的是这个综合体能够光速般的反应和运行。今天的商业环境对速度有 极大的需求。客户利用网络就可以直接给出订单， 而他们期望产品可以尽可能快 的到达。敏捷的供应链综合体可以创造出满足这些要求的多层次全球化网络 就是那些通过合作伙伴、灵活性、稳健设计、不断适应市场以满足当今经济环境 需求的复杂的诸多实体构成的网络。设施则是这个多层次全球网络的关键组成，同时也是卓越供应链所必须的内 容。因此供应链中的每个组织都应该与它们头脑中的供应链伙伴进行设施规划。适当的设施规划可以确保产品按照供应链关系 （采购-制造-运输-存储-销售）最 终流向客户并保证其满意度。因此，供应链中的所有设备具

9、有以下特点:1、灵活性：灵活的设施能够在不改变自身的情况下处理各种各样的需求。2、模块化：模块化设施指的是能够配合系统在各种操作环境下高效协同运作的设施。3、可升级性：可升级的设施能够将设备系统与技术的进步得体的整合起来。4、适应性：这意味着在设施的使用中要将日历、周期、最大值等因素的影响考虑进去。5、操作可选性：这意味着要理解每个设施每个部分的操作并允许其中有操作的应急预案。6环境和能源友好：包括接受能源和环境设计在设计过程中的领导地位。可以在五个关键方面衡量人员和环境健康：选址的可持续发展、节约水资源、能 源高效率、材料选择和室内环境质量。创建这些设施需要一个整体的方法。这个方法含有以下因

10、素:1、一体化：原材料和信息集成在一个由客户开始的自上而下的进程中。2、模糊边界：消除传统的客户/供应商、生产/仓库之间的界线，以及与订单、服务、制造、分销之间的界线。3、兼并：相似与分离的商业实体的合并将会减少竞争者，带来更多的顾客和供应商。兼并还包括从物理角度讲的站点，公司和功能的合并。4、可靠性：强大的系统，包括冗余系统、容错系统的安装启用将保证设施精选文库8咼水平、长时间的运行。5、可维护性：包括预防性维护和预见性维护。预防性维护是一个连续的过程，最大限度的减少未来的维护问题；预见性维护是通过一台机器或一个系统的 感应装置预测潜在的问题。6经济先进性：采用将有助于决策的分散信息集成到一

11、个整体的创新的财政实践方法。如此看来，对设施规划者而言，持续改进的卓越供应链的概念绝对是设施规 划周期中不可缺少的因素。无论你是参与规划一个全新的设施还是计划更新现有 的设施，设施规划的基本过程是不变的。精选文库9Facilities PI anning(p3-p6 )James A. TompkinsIn troductio nFacilities planning has take n on a whole new meaning in the p ast 10 years .In the p ast, facilities planning was p rimarily con side

12、red to be a scie nee. In todays comp etitive global market place, facilities planning is a strategy. Gover nmen ts, educati onal in stitutio ns, and bus in esses no Ion ger compete against one another individually. These entities now align themselves into cooperatives, organization associations, and

13、 ultimately syn thesized supply cha ins, to rema in comp etitive by bringing the customer Into the p rocess.The subject of facilities planning has bee n a popu lar topic for manyyears .In sp ite of its long heritage, it is one of the most popu lar subjects ofcurre nt p ublicati ons, conferen ces, an

14、d research. The treatme nt of facilities planning as a subject has ranged from checklist, cookbook-type app roaches to highly sop histicated mathematical modeli ng. In this text we employ a practical approach to facilities planning, taking advantage of empirical and analytical approaches using both

15、traditional and contemporary concep ts. It should be no ted that facilities planning, as addressed in this text, has broad app licatio ns. For exa mple, the contents of this book can be app lied equally to the planning of a new hos pital, an assembly dep artme nt, an existi ng warehouse, or the bagg

16、age dep artme nt of an air po rt. Whether the activities in questi on occur in the con text of a hos pital, p roducti on plant, distributi on cen ter, air port, retail store, schoo, bank, office, or any p orti on of these facilities, or whether in a modem facility in a developed country or an outdat

17、ed facility in an emerging coun try, the material p rese nted in this text should be useful in plannin g. It is imp orta nt to recog nize that contemporary facilities planning con siders the facility as a dynamic entity and that a key requirement for a successful facilities plan is its adaptability

18、and its ability 精选文库10to become suitable for new use.Facilities Planning DefinedThe facilities we plan today must help an orga ni zati on achieve supply cha in excelle nee. Supply cha in excelle nee is a p rocess with six ste ps, or levels. These ste ps are bus in ess as usual, li nk excelle nee, vi

19、sibility ,collaborati on, syn thesis, and velocity.Busin ess as usual is whe n a company works hard to maximize the in dividual fun cti ons of the supply cha in (buy-make-move-store-sell). The goal of in dividual dep artme nts, such as finan ce, marketi ng, sales, pu rchas ing, in formati on tech no

20、 logy, research and devel opment, manufacturing, distribution, and human resources, is to be the best department in the company. Organizational effectiveness is not the emp hasis. Each orga ni zati onal eleme nt attem pts to fun cti on well within its in dividual silo.On ly after one s link achieves

21、 p erforma nee excelle nee can he or she begin to pursue supply chain excellenee. To achieve link excellenee, companies must tear down the internal boundaries until the entire organization functions as one. Companies usually have numerous dep artme nts and facilities, in clud ing plan ts, warehouses

22、, and distributio n centers (DCs). If an organization hopes to pursue supply chain excelle nee, it muse look withi n itself, elim in ate and blur any boun daries betwee n dep artme nts and facilities, and begi n a n ever-e nding journey of con ti nu ous impro veme nt. It must have strategic and tact

23、ical in itiatives at the dep artme nt, plant, and link levels for desig n and systems.Supply cha in excelle nee requires every one along the supply cha in to work together. Every one in the supply cha in cannot work together, however, if they cannot see one another. Visibility, the third level of su

24、pply cha in excelle nee, brings to light all links in the supply cha in .It minimizes supply chain surprises because it provides the information links n eeded to un dersta nd the ongoing status. It could be con sidered the first real ste p toward supply cha in excelle nee.Through visibility, organiz

25、ations come to understand their roles in a supply chain and are aware of the other links. An example is an electro nics company with a Web site that allows its customers to view circuit boards and then funnels information 精选文库11about those customers to suppliers. Visibility thus requires sharing inf

26、ormation so that the links understand the ongoing order status and thus minimize supply chain surp rises.Once a supply cha in achieves visibility, it can move to collaboration the fourth level of supply cha in excelle nee. Thorough collaboratio n. the supply cha in can deter mine how best to meet th

27、e dema nds of the market place. The supply cha in works as a whole to maximize customer satisfaction while minimizing inventories. Collaboration is achieved through the proper app licatio n of tech no logy and true p art nershi ps.Various collaborati on tech no logies exist, and. as with visibility

28、software, the supply cha in must choose the right tech no logy or comb in ati on of tech no logies if it hopes to collaborate prop erly. True partn ersh ips require total commitme nt from all the links in the supply cha in and are based on trust and a mutual desire to work as one for the ben efit of

29、 the supply cha in.After collaborati on is in p lace, the supply cha in the n must pu rsue the con ti nu ous impro veme nt p rocess of syn thesis. Syn thesis is the uni ficati on of all supply cha in links to form a whole. It creates a compi ete pip eli ne from a customer persp ective. The results o

30、f syn thesis are as follows ? In creased ROA. This is achieved by maximizi ng inven tory turns, minimizing obsolete inventory, maximizing empioyee participation, and maximiz ing continu ous impro veme nt.? Improved customer satisfaction. This is achieved becausesynthesis creates companies that are r

31、espon sive to the customers n eeds through customizatio n.They un dersta nd value-added activity. They also un dersta nd the issue of flexibility and how to meet ever-cha nging customer requireme nts. They comp letely compr ehe nd the meaning of high quality and strive to pro vide high value.? Reduc

32、ed costs. This is achieved by scruti nizing transpo rtati on costs, acquisition costs, distribution costs, inventory carrying costs, reverse logistics costs, packaging costs and so on and continually searching for ways to drive dow n the total delivered to customer cost.? An in tegrated supply cha i

33、n. This is achieved by using partn ersh ips and com muni catio n to in tegrate the supply cha in and focus on the ultimate customer.Synthesis is not achieved overnight. It takes time to take the links of a supply chain 精选文库12and remove the boundaries between them. However if all links are visible an

34、d all collaborate, then synthesis is within reach.Velocity is syn thesis at the sp eed of light. Todays bus in ess en vir onment dema nds sp eed. The Internet has created immediate orders, and customers exp ect their pr oducts to arrive almost as quickly. Syn thesis with speed creates multilevel glo

35、bal networks that meet these dema nds-these are complex en tities that can meet the dema nds of today economy through a comb in ati on of partn ersh ips, flexibility, robust desig n, and ongoing ada pti on to market place requireme nts.Facilities are critical components of the multilevel global netw

36、orks necessaryfor supply chain excellenee. Each organization in the supply chain should therefore plan facilities with its supply chain partners in mi nd. Proper facilities planning along the supply cha in en sures that theProduct will follow the supply chain series buy make move store sell to the s

37、atisfaction of the ultimate customer. Therefore, all facilities in the supply cha in have the followi ng characteristics: ? Flexibility. Flexible facilities are able to handle a variety of requireme nts without being altered.? Modularity. Modular facilities are those with systems that coop erate eff

38、icie ntly over a wide range of op erati ng rates.? Up gradability. Up graded facilities gracefully incorpo rate adva nces in equipment systems and tech no logy.? Ada ptability. This means tak ing into con siderati on the imp licatio ns of cale ndars, cycles, and p eaks in facilities use.? Selective

39、operability. This means understanding how each facility segme nt op erates and allows con ti ngency plans to be put in p lace.? Environmental and energy friendliness. This invoIves adopting the process of leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED). A whole-build ing appr oach to susta in a

40、bility recog ni zes p erforma nee in fivekey areas of huma n and en vir onmen tal health :susta in able site 精选文库13devel opment, water sav in gs, en ergy efficie ncy, materials selecti on, and in door en vir onmen tal quality.Creati ng these facilities requires a holistic app roach. The eleme nts of this app roach are as follows? Total in tegrati on-the in tegrati on of material and in formatio n flow in a true, top-dow n p rogressi on that beg ins with the customer.? Blurred boun dar