UOP规范--往复式压缩机

1、精选word范本!1. GENERAL 概述1.1 Scope 范围a. This Standard Specificationcovers the design of American PetroleumIn stitute (API) Stan dard 618, reciprocat ing compressors in hydroge n and hydrocarb on services.本标准规范涉及美国石油学会(API)标准618，氢气和碳氢化合物系列往 复式压缩机设计b. Excepti ons or variati ons show n in the UOP Project

2、Specificati ons take precede nee over requireme nts show n here in.“ UOP公司工程规范”中给出的例外情况或变更优先于本标准中的要求。1.2 Refere nces 参考文献Uni ess no ted below, use the editi on and adde nda of each refere needdocume nt curre nt on the date of this Stan dard Specificati on. When a refere need docume nt in corporates

3、ano ther docume nt, use the editi on of that docume nt required by the refere need docume nt.如果以下没有另外说明，使用本“标准规范”发行日期内有效的各参考文 件版本和附录。如果参考文件引用另一文件，则使用参考文件要求的引用文件版 本。a. America n Petroleum In stitute (API) Sta ndard 618,“ Reciprocat ingCompressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas In dustry Services”b.

4、 America n Society of Mecha ni cal Engin eers (ASME) B16.5,“PipeFlanges and Flanged Fittings, NPS ? Through NPS 24 ”C.ASMEB16.47,“Large Diameter Steel Flanges, NPS26 Through NPS60”d. ASME B46.1,“ Surface Texture (Surface Rough ness, Wavin ess, andLay) ”e. European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors

5、 (EFRC), “Guidelinesfor Vibrations in Reciprocating Compressor Systems” , f. National, state, and local governmental regulations and laws.精选word范本!a.API618标准石油化工和天然气工业用往复式压缩机b. 美国机械工程师学会(ASME)B16.5 , “管法兰和法兰管件，NPS1/2至NPS24 公制/英制标准”。c. ASME B16.47大直径管钢制法兰(NPS 26NPS 60)d. ASME B46.1,表面特征(

6、表面粗糙度、波纹度和花纹方向).e. 欧洲的往复式压缩机论坛(EFRC), “往复式压缩机系统振动指南”，f.国家、州和地方政府法律和规定。2.DESIGN 设计This sta ndard is inten ded to be used as an adde ndum to API Sta ndard 618. Numbering in this document coincides with actual paragraph numbers from API Sta ndard 618 5 th editi on.本标准用作API标准618的补充。本章节中所采用的

7、编号与API618 5th版的实际段落编号相同。Reciprocat ing compressors shall comply with the requireme nts of APIStan dard 618, except where modified by either the UOP Project Specification(s) or UOP Standard Specification(s).压缩机应遵守API618的要求，“ UOP公司工程规范”或“ UOP标准规范”中 加以修改的部分除外。5. Requireme nts 要求Paragraph 5.2, Additio n

8、/Clarificatio n增加 / 澄清Ven dor s offeri ng shall be a size and desig n which has a successful record of proven field service at operating conditions similar to those specified (prototypes are not acceptable). An installationlist shall besubmitted upon request.供货商报价中的规格和设计应具有在规定操作条件下现场成功应用的验证 精选word范本

9、!记录(不接受样机)。如果有要求，应提交业绩表。6. Basic Design 基础设计6.1 General 概要Paragraph 6.1.24, Clarificati on澄清The compressor shall be capable of continuous operation at all partial load steps. (0% load step is for short term startup on ly).压缩机应能在部分加载过程中连续操作(0%加载仅供短期启动)Compressor ven dor shall provide PLC, and PLC sha

10、ll in clude con trol logic to ensure unioading of both partially and fully unioaded cylinders follows best practices established below:压缩机供应商应提供PLC，PLC应该包括控制逻辑单元来确保气缸部分或完 全卸载时采用如下最佳方案表SiluationBest Practice1)LnloadcdPeriodic, jnoinentary loading of unloaded cylirxier ends to prevent dumage the inchi

11、iie accumudated liibricatioji oil in the cv litider.UnloadedFor multi pic cylinder operating in parallel only, peri(KJically alternate between huded uid unloaded cylinders io prevent damage to the machine from heat or accumulated lubrication oil.情况最佳方案部分卸载周期性，短暂的载入 气缸头空载来阻止润滑 油积聚对机器造成的损 害精选word范本!完全

12、卸载仅对多级气缸并联 操作状况下，加载卸载定 期切换来阻止热量或润 滑油积聚对机器的损害Manu facturer to state freque ncy and durati on of required load ing to achieve above objectives in proposal.未达到以上目标，制造商需提出加载频率和持续时间6.6 Rod and Gas Loads 活塞杆负荷和气体负荷Paragraph 661, Additio n/Clarificatio n增加 / 澄清Frame select ion shall be based on the more co

13、n servative of thefollowing criteria:框架选择应基于以下标准中较为保守的部分：-Combined rod loading shall not exceed 80% of the manufacturer sMaximum Allowable Co ntin uous Combi ned Rod Loadi ng (MACCRL) whe n calculated at specified line pressures of each stage.当计算在每个阶段的管线压力时，活塞杆负荷不超过制造商最大允许负荷 (MACCRL的 80%-Combined ro

14、d loading shall not exceed 95% of the manufacturer sMaximum Allowable Co ntin uous Combi ned Rod Loadi ng (MACCRL) whe n calculated as defi ned in paragraph 6.6.1.当按第6.6.1条计算时，活塞杆负荷不应超过制造商最大允许活塞杆负荷 (MACCRL的 95%6.8 Compressor Cyli nders压缩机气缸Paragraph 6.8.1, Additi on增加The maximum cyli nder diameter i

15、s 36 in ches (914 mm). Exceptio ns1require writte n approval from UOP.精选word范本!最大气缸直径为36英尺(914 mm)。免责条款需要UOP批准。Paragraph 6.824, Addition/Clarification增加澄清Whe n non-metallic wear bands and pist on rings are used, the in sidesurface of liners shall be honed per paragraph .当使用非金属支撑环和活塞环时，应按6.8.2

16、.4章进行内表面打磨。Paragraph , Addition/Clarification增加澄清Fla nge classes specified are in accorda nee with ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47.法兰等级按照 ASME B16.5或 ASME B16.47的规定。Flange classes listed in the UOPProject Specificationare based upondesig n pressure and temperature con diti ons only and do not acco

17、unt forother loads. The final desig n of all flan ges shall acco unt for gasket seati ng, exter nal loads imposed by pip ing, and all other imposed loads. Differentialthermal expansion of dissimilarjoints and transient thermalcon diti ons such as start-up/shutdow n and operati onal upset shall be ac

18、comodated.在UOP项目规范中列出的法兰等级只基于设计压力和温度条件，不考虑其他负载。所有法兰的最终设计应考虑到阀座、 管道外荷载和所有其他荷载。应适应 如启动/关闭和切换时不同接头的热膨胀和瞬态热状态。Flanges intended for use with spiral woundgaskets shall have a flange surface fin ish of 125 microi nch Ra minimum to 250 microi nch Ra maximum.Fla nges in ten ded for use with other gaskets sha

19、ll have a flange surface finish with in the optimal range for the specified gasket. Fini shes shall be judged by visual comparis on with surface fin ish rough ness sta ndards con formi ng to ASME B46.1.用螺旋缠绕垫圈的法兰盘表面粗糙度应介于125微英寸到250微英寸之间。使用其他垫片的法兰盘的表面加工应符合垫片规范最佳值。Fla nge fini shes shall be protected

20、from damage duri ng fabricati on,heat treatme nt, shipp ing, storage and in stallati on.精选word范本!法兰盘成品应使用符合 ASME B46.1标准的表面粗糙度标准进行目视比较。Ring Joint flan ges shall have a flat bottom groove with thein tersectio n betwee n the bottom and sides of the groove machi ned to a smooth 0.125 inch (3mm) minimum

21、 radius.槽式密封面法兰应该有一个平的底部沟槽，在凹槽的底部和侧面之间的光滑 十字槽加工尺寸最小半径 0.125英寸(3mm)。6.9 Valves and Uni oaders气阀和卸荷器Paragraph , Clarification澄清To preve nt failure of the uni oader to actuate due to corrosi on:为防止因腐蚀造成的卸荷器失效-The uni oader actuators shall be a weather proof desig n which preve nts in gress of wa

22、ter and other con tam inan ts.卸荷器应采用防水密封设计防止水和其他污染物进入-All critical sliding fit components in the unioader actuators shall be con structed of corrosi on resista nt materials, in clud ing:所有卸荷器关键滑动部件应采用耐腐蚀材料oPist on s/operators制动器/操作机构oU nloader Cyli nder bodies卸荷器缸体oUnloader Shafts/spindles/push rods

23、卸荷器轴 / 主轴 / 推杆The actuators/operators shall be sized for 10 psi (0.7 kg/cm2) lessthan the specified minimumsite operating fluid pressure. Unioaders shall be shop tested for proper actuati on制动器 操作机构结构尺寸应该适合10 psi (0.7 kg/cm 2)小于规定最小现 场流体压力。卸荷器应进行适当的驱动工厂实验。Paragraph 6.927, Clarification澄清Rain shields

24、 shall be provided with all mach in es, uni ess:精选word范本!所有机器均应提供防雨罩，除非：-In stalled in doors.室内安装-The ven dor uni oader desig n complies with UOPclarificatio n供应商卸荷器完全采用UOP澄清设计6.10 Pistons, Piston Rods, and Piston Rings活塞 活塞杆 活塞环Paragraph 6.10.3, Additio n 增加Cast alu minum and fabricat

25、ed steel pist ons shall not be used above500 horsepower (375 kW) per cyli nder.铸铝和焊接钢活塞不应用于超过500马力(375kw)每气缸Pistons, whenintegrated/integralwith the piston rod (e.g. low ratiobetwee n pisto n rod diameter and cyli nder diameter) shall be con structed of the samematerial as the piston rod and maybe f

26、abricated without limits above.当整体或与活塞杆一体活塞（如活塞杆直径和气缸直径比低） 应采用活塞杆 相同材质，不受上述限制。Paragraph , Clarification/Addition澄清 增加Hollow sin gle-piece pist ons shall have a spri ng loaded relief plugin the outer-e nd face of the pist on.中空单体活塞应在活塞外端面安装一个弹簧安全阀Multi-piece pistons shall have a minimum1/8 ”

27、(3mm) diameter drilled vent hole 多体活塞应有一个最小直径 1/8 ” (3mm)孔6.12 Dista nee Pieces 接筒Paragraph , Clarificatio n澄清Distanee pieces shall be provided with gasketed, solid metal covers.接筒应提供带封圈固体金属盖板Paragraph , Additi on 增加Compartme nts shall be ven ted separately to non-hazardous areas.精选w

28、ord范本!接筒腔室应与无害区域分隔排放Paragraph , Additi on 增加Pack ing vent pip ing in side of the dista nee piece shall be desig nedfor the maximum allowable worki ng pressure of the cyli nder.取代接筒的内部填料放气管道设计时应考虑气缸最大工作压力6.14.2 Compressor Frame Lubricatio n压缩机机身润滑Paragraph .4, Additi on增加The reservoir

29、 shall be fitted with a lube oil temperature transmitter. 油箱应设有温度传感器Paragraph , Additi on 增加Whe n an auxiliary oil pump is not provided, a hand pump shall be provided for start-up lubricati on.如果没有辅机泵，为了开启润滑应提供手动泵Paragraph , Additi on 增加For applicationswith rated powers below 250 hor

30、sepower (185 kW), oilcoolers are not required provided the ven dor can dem on strate through calculati on and operat ing experie nee that the frame has adequate radiative area to dissipate the heat.当额定功率低于250马力(185 kW)时，供应商无需提供油冷却器若能通过 计算和操作经验证明框架有足够的辐射面积来散热。Paragraph 6.1425, Clarificatio n澄清Heat in

31、g for reservoirs shall be provided whe n the minimum ambie nt temperature is less tha n the ven dors required minimum start-up temperature. Thermostaticallycon trolled immersio n heaters con formi ng toAPI 618 shall be used.当最低环境温度低于供应商所需的最低启动温度时需要安装油箱加热器。恒温控制加热器应符合API618标准精选word范本!7. Accessories 辅助

32、设备7.2 Coupli ngs and Guards 联轴器和防护罩Paragraph 7.2.1, Addition/Clarification增加 澄清Coupli ngs shall allow continu ous operati on with twice the estimated cold-to hot thermal growth.联轴器应满足在两倍预估热膨胀条件下持续工作7.6 Con trols and In strume ntatio n控制和仪表Paragraph , Clarification澄清Provide a separately moun t

33、ed local in strume nt panel for eachcompressor. As a minimum the follow ing shall be in cluded:-Process gas inlet and discharge temperatures for each cyli nder-Process gas inlet and discharge pressures for each stage-Frame lube oil pressure-Speed for variable speed drivers-Multi-position selector sw

34、itch for cylinderloading (each service)每台压缩机非别安装现场仪表，至少应包括如下：每台气缸进出口气体温度传感器各级压力传感器机身润滑油压力变频电机速度传感器气缸加载多位选择开关（每次服务）Paragraph 762.4, Additi on增加The system shall be capable of startingup and shutting downwith eachstage uni oaded.控制系统应具有分级卸载开启关闭能力In additi on the ven dor shall also do ONE of the follow

35、ing:此外供应商应做一下一项工作-Provide in terlocks to en sure that the compressor cannot start-upunder load and to automatically unioad the compressor or open the process spillback 精选word范本!duri ng shutdow n.提供联锁装置来确保压缩机不能在欠载下启动和自动卸载压缩机或在关闭过程中打开回流-Desig n the train for start-up and shutdow n with each stagepress

36、urized to its full operating pressure. （Not allowed when a suctionvalve unioader based stepless capacity regulation system is included） 设 计机组的开关满足各级增压到它的额定工作压力（不允许当进口阀卸荷器包含无级变速系统）-Recommen（a torque limiting device to prevent damageto the equipmentduring start-up.建议增加扭矩限制器以防启动时损坏机器Paragraph 0,

37、 Clarificatio n澄清Variable volume cleara nee pockets are not permitted. 不允许采用可变容积余隙腔Paragraph 7.6.7, Clarificati on/ Additi on澄清 / 增加Solid state velocity tran sducers shall be used. Ven dor proposal shall state how many are in cluded.应采用固态速度传感器。供应商须提供包含多少个。Transducers shall be mounted at main bearing

38、 locations which see full dyn amic loads from the compressor (e.g. beari ngs support ing loads of compressor throws, n ot static motor/flywheel loads). Tran sducers shall be mounted on the side of the compressor frame, elevation at the centerline of the cran kshaft. Orien tatio n shall be in the dir

39、ecti on of piston rod travel.传感器应安装在主轴承位置来显示压缩机完全动态载荷(如，轴承支撑负载 压缩机非静态电机或飞轮负载)传感器应安装在机身一侧，曲轴中心线高度。方 向同活塞杆行程。Whe n more tha n one tran sducer is provided, tran sducers shall be moun ted on opposite corners of the frame.精选word范本!当包含多个传感器时，传感应该被安装在机身相向位置。Reference UOP for allowable vibration lim

40、its.振动极限参照UOP Whe n specified, the ven dor shall also provide an accelerometer mounted in the verticalorientationon each crosshead guide for alarm only.The crosshead accelerometer n eeds to be part of a smart vibrati on monitoring package utilizing a once per revolution crank position keyphas

41、or.当特别规定时，供应商同时应为每个十字头在垂直方向安装加速报警仪。十字头加速计应作为智能振动检测系统的一部分，通过每次曲轴旋转设定位置监 控。Paragraph 7.6.8, Addition/Clarification增加 澄清Whe n specified, the ven dor shall supply a temperature mon itori ng system. Each main beari ng, valve and pist on pack ing case shall have a temperature sen sor in the loaded area.当特

42、别规定时，供应商应提供温度监控系统。所有主轴承，气阀，填料函都 应有温度传感器安装在承载区域。Whenspecified, crosshead pin temperature monitors shall be eutectic type.当特别规定时，十字头销温度传感器应为共熔合金型7.8 In tercoolers, Aftercoolers and Separators中间冷去卩器、后冷去卩器和分离器Paragraph 7.822, Additi on 增加Whena n in tegral moisture removal sect ion is provided, and the p

43、rocessgas is corrosive (e.g. HCI, H 2S, etc.) the moisture removal secti on in ternals shall be con structed of suitable corrosi on resista nt material. 当包含整体除水器时，且气体有腐蚀性(如盐酸，硫化氢等)，其材质应为耐腐 蚀金属7.9.4 Pulsatio n and Vibratio n Co ntrol脉动和振动控制精选word范本!Paragraph , Additi on 增加The vibrati onlevel o

44、f the in stalled,foun dati on moun ted, compressorframe shall not exceed the limit below:压缩机机身，基础振动级不应超出下表规定LocationPeak Vekity. Filtered *Displ weenie ill, peak to peakCrankshaft centerline (as defined in UOP clarification inches per second1 10.2 mil 1 iIHCIers/second 18 milsmicroiDetcr?；)

45、位置波峰速度筛选波峰位移曲轴心线（如UOP7.6.7说明中定义）0.4英寸每秒10.2厘米每秒8密尔（200微米）-The frequency filter in the monitor should be set to filter out freque ncies lower tha n?x and higher tha n 20 x compressor speed.监视器滤频器应设置为过滤掉低于？ x和高于20 x压缩机速度的频率The compressor ven dor shall provide all required data to en able the foun dati

46、 on desig ner to meet these requireme nts压缩机供应商应提供所有必须资料来确保基础设计者能满足这些需要。NOTEAdditi onalguide values for acceptable vibrati ons of in stalled,foun dati on moun ted operat ing compressors at various locati ons on the compressor frame can be found in the docume nt EFRC“ Guideli nes forVibrations in Rec

47、iprocating Compressor Systems ” .注意：压缩机机身附加指导标准可以在EFRC压缩机震动指导标准中找到。7.9.5 Pulsati on Suppressio n Devices脉动抑制装置Paragraph 7.9.5, Additi on增加精选word范本!Threaded connections are not permitted.不允许采用螺纹连接Warning tags shall be affixed to the pulsatio n suppressi on devices to caution against damaging the inte

48、rnal surface coating by pickling the suppressors during field cleaning activities.警告标签应贴在脉动抑制装置上，以防止现场清洗时对其酸洗造成内表面涂 层损坏。Paragraph .2, Additio n/Clarificatio n增加、澄清Sucti on side equipme nt betwee n the block valve and compressor cyli nder shall either be rated for the discharge pressure or a s

49、ucti on side pressure relief valve must be provided. If a pressure relief valve is used, the ven dor shall provide all in formati on required to properly size this device.在切断阀和压缩机气缸之间的吸入端设备应满足吸气压力或 安装排气压力飞安全阀。如果采用排气压力安全阀，需要满足此装置工况Paragraph .11, Clarificatio n/Additio n澄清、增加For compressors wit

50、h multiple cyli nders per stage and shared pulsatio n bottles, in dividual cyli nder temperature mon itori ng is required. This shall be accomplished as follows:对于每级有多个气缸且共用脉动装置，需要每个气缸加温度传感器。规格如下：-Provide one (1) NPS 1 1/2 inch flan ged conn ecti on at the sucti onno zzle for each cyli nder for in serti on of a