八升九英语衔接暑期新九年级英语新初三英语第16讲阅读理解之推断题讲义(含练习答案

1、12 / 20授课日期时间主题阅读理解之推断题学习目标1掌握阅读理解推断题的解题技巧；2能在具体文章中灵活运用技巧解决推断问题；3通过分析推断让学生感悟事物间不是彼此孤立而是互相联系的。学员姓名：年 级：八升九学科教师：辅导科目：英语教学内容1、上次课后巩固作业复习;2、互动探索教学建议：1.建议采取竞赛PK的形式，看谁能在最短的时间内得出答案并给出答案的依据;2.两道题都是和推理判断相关，由此引出本节课的主题阅读推断题。Questio n 1 :John was 15 years old 15 years ago. Then how old will he be 15 years later

2、?约翰15年前是15岁，那么15年后他所少岁？KEY: 45Question 2 :A London cab driver picked up a lady who was a notorious chatterbox. He did not want to en gage in conv ersati on, so he prete nded to be deaf and dumb. He poin ted to his mouth and ears to in dicate that he could n either speak nor hear .After she alighted,

3、 he poin ted to the meter so that she could see how much she owed. She paid him and walked off. Then she realized that hecould not have bee n a deaf mute. How did she know?一伦敦出租车司机为一位话多的女士服务，但他不想和她谈话，他就指着自己的嘴和耳朵证明他耳聋、哑巴,到地方他指着里程表，她就能看到应该付多少钱了 ，她付完就离开了，然而她意识到： 他不是哑巴，她怎么知道的呢？key : He must have heard i

4、ntial instructions or he would not have known where to take her.知识名称【知识梳理1】1. 推断题的出题方式你对下面的这些问题应该不会感到陌生吧？What can you infer from the passage ?The writer implies thatWhat can you con clude from the passage?What will the next paragraph talk about ?【知识梳理2】2. 推断题型及解题思路(1) 数据事实推断：解答此类题，关键是要捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透

5、彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的 数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。【例题精讲】例1.No one is laughing now. Since Volkswagen took control in 1991, Skoda has been transformed by German techniques (and $2 billion cash) into Europe-growingamantfcturer. Turnover( 销售额)has jumped nine-foldin the past decade, and 81 percent of last

6、 year 450,000 new Skodas went to foreign buyers. This week the new Superb seda n (超级轿车) -aimed at big-spe nding bus in ess types-goes on display at the Frankfurt Motor Show.Questi on: How many Skodas were sold to foreig n buyers last year?A .450,000 B. 364,500 C. 171, 000 D. 85,500Key: B.例2 :SydneyP

7、ass Fares 神AdultChild*Fa m i ly *3 day livkdSW)S4592255 day iickctSI 20SSOO7 lay LickLcC$ (4S7C)$350*A child is defi ned as anyone from the ages of 4 years to un der 16 years. Childre n un der 4 years travel free.*A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of

8、 age from the same family.Question:If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and herchildre n, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.Key: C(2) 细节推断题细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出结论的一种推 断方法。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的

9、社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关的背景知识有一个 充分的理解。【例题精讲】例1 :A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. Thetruth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determ ine whether the n

10、 ative beside him is a truth teller or not by ask ing only one questio n. He asks the n ative, and ask the n ative in the dista nee which side of the isla nd he lives on.r retu”s,Whheiayisemessaidghe lives on the wester n side of the isla nd.Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visito

11、r be sure?Questio n 1. Accord ing to the messe ngers an swer, the visitor can con clude thatA. The messe nger lives on the wester n side of the isla nd because he tells the truth.B. the messe nger lives on the easter n side of the isla nd because his an swer may be a lie.C. its hard to determ ine wh

12、ether the messe nger is a truth teller or not.D. the messe nger probably lives in the wester n side of the isla nd because his an swer may be true.Key: AQuestion 2.The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer,which conclusion of the following is

13、 wrong?A. He may live on the easter n side of the isla nd.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He cant be telling the truth.Key: D(3) 因果推断题逻辑结论是指根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论， 而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。解答这类题的前提是要首先获得短文的主题 思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要

14、求进行推断。【例题精讲】例1:When the young waitress n ear my house started say ing hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“ Are you sin“ Why, yes. I an swered, smili ng at her happily.“ So is my mot

15、her. she said,“ Would you like to meet her?Questio n1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it stra nge for her to fall in love with himQuestio n2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day b

16、ecause.A. she lived n ear his houseB. he ofte n went to visit her motherC. she wan ted to be frie ndly with himD. she loved him very much解析：这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩天天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感， 进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。（4）人物性格、态度及

17、观点判定题中考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾 向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：1 ）由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。2）特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。【例题精讲】例1 :A well-k nown old man was being in terviewed and was asked if

18、 it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “ Thats right, said the old man. -nine yearsoUdjetyd I have nt an en emy in the world. They re all dead.“ Well sir, said the in terviewer,muchopehaee the honor of in terview ingyou on your hun dredthbirthday.The old man looks at the youn

19、g man closely, and said.“I cant see why you should nt. You look it and healme!Questio n: What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly.B. He was un pleasa nt.C. He was very proud and sure of his health.D. He was very impolite to young people.解析：记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解

20、记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你似乎还很健康呀！）表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为Co（5）.猜测想象推理题有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜 测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比 关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。【例题精讲】例1 :We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic con trol

21、, date processing（数据处理）and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skil

22、lfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.However Question :Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph?A. Computers will soon stop deve

23、lop ing.B. Computers are as clever as man.C. Many people like computers very much.D. I dont think computers will replace us completely.解析：本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。（6）.写作意图推测题此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈 述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学 们不

24、但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。【例题精讲】例：Imagine that the genome （基因组）is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on differe nt levels. There are one billi on words in the book, which makes it Ion ger than 5,000 volumes the s

25、ize of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per sec ond for eight hours a day, it would take me a cen tury. If I wrote out the huma n geno me, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danu be.Questio n :The real purpose

26、of the authors comparis on of the genome to a book is.A. to focus on the differe nces betwee n the twoB. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the twoC. to simplify the con cept of the huma n genomeD. to give an exact description of the human genome解析：基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通

27、俗形象地了解基因组”的概念。故答案为 C。（7）常识推断：有些时候，文章里并没有提供任何可据以推断的材料，或虽有提供，但却不足以推出正确的未知事实。这 时便须根据平常积累的有关知识来进行推断。【例题精讲】例：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and the n cooled very quickly, for example by dipp ing it in water, it will be very

28、hard but also very brittle（脆）-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certa in len gth of time. The Ion ger t

29、he heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Ann eali ng can also be used on other mate rivals, such as glass.Questio n: Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle解析：从文中“ by dippi ng it in water， it will be very

30、 hard but also very brittle.这一信息还不足以推出正确答案。然后根据物理常识，在制造各种工具时，往往采取淬火这一工艺，其目的是使金属变硬以便制成锋利的工具。即可推出选项A为正确答案。注意事项11. 严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理，千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验；2. 如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案；3. 如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；4. 如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；5. 文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should

31、, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；6. 注意作者在文章中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too, rather则常带有否定的口气；7. 某些过渡词(例如：however, but, on the contrary, what s more， fortunately ， Of cause,) 后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度注意事项 2推断题出题陷阱：? 文章中没有提及，纯属主观臆断。? 是文章中的直接内容，不是根据推理得出的。?符合常识，但是不是文章所要表达的内容。?与文章内容相反。基础题【巩固练习1】Most people wh

32、o enjoy movies do not really care how they are made. They just want to enjoy a good story. Movie producer and director George Lucas wants people to see the best made movies. So, his latest movie Star Wars was made without using film.Star Wars was made using digital cameras. A digital camera does not

33、 use traditional film. It captures images on videotape. The images recorded on videotape are the placed in a computer.Question : According to George Lucas, what makes the best made movies possible?A. A good story.B. Film. C. Digital cameras. D. Videotape.Key: C【巩固练习2】An idea that started in Seattles

34、 public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of com muni ty in a city by gett ing every one to read the same book at the same time.The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represe nt the huge and

35、 diverse populati on. This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large tow ns, where a greater sense of unity（ 一致） can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point , putting all their en ergy and passi on into the choice of the book rather tha n discussi

36、 on about a book itself.66.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?A. They had little in terest in readi ng.B. They were too busy to read a book.C. They came from many differe nt backgro undsD. They lacked support from the local gover nmentKey: C【巩固练习3】,have sersaid theOnce Nap

37、ole on stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to tha nk the inn keeper.“ Yowell, inn keeper,“ said Napole on.I wish to reward you. Tell me what you wSirt.we want nothing,inn keeper. “ But will you tell us someth in g?“ Whaaiske? Napoleo“ Wdnave heard a story. said the inn keeper, “ that） n

38、ee duri ng the war, a small village was take n by the Russia ns. You happe ned to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt whe n they were looking for you? Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldie

39、rs took the inn keeper and his wife out into the yard.At the end of the yard was a wall. The inn keeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the inn keeper and his wife. Napole on watched, say ing nothing.“ Please, sir. begged the inn keeper,“ Dont kill us! we mea nt not

40、hin g! The soldiers moved back. Tsaw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called:“ Ready! Aim! The wife screamed.“ Stwent to the inn keeper,“ Now, you know the an swer to the questio n you asked me just now, dont you?Questi on 1:Why did the inn keeper ask Napole on to tell him how Napole on felt w

41、he n he was being looked for?A. He wan ted to know the differe nee betwee n a gen eral and an ordinary people.B. He looked dow n upon Napole on, for he thought a great man should nt be defeated.C. He showed his sympathy （同情 ） to Napole on in time of dan ger.D. He was in terested in others failure, e

42、specially Napole ons.Key: AQuestio n2: Why did Napole on ordered his men to tie the couple?A. Because he wan ted toteach the inn keeper a good less on for botheri ng him.B. Because he wan ted tokill the couple to get rid of his an ger.C. Because he wan ted toshow that he was so admiri ng a gen eral

43、that n obody couldupsethim.D. Because he wan ted tomade the inn keeper know that a gen eral like him hadthe same feeli ng as the ordinarypeople in face of dan ger.Key: D提高题【巩固练习4】Choose the best answer （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）（A）I have loved my mother s desk since I was just tall eno ugh to see above the t

44、op of it as Mother sat doing lett Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world .Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. But the desk, sai

45、d aga in,“ is for Elizabeth.”I n ever saw her an gry, n ever saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wan ted heart-to-heart talks betwee n mother and daughter.They n ever happe ned. And a gulf ope ned betwee n us. I was“ too emoti on al.” But she livedAs yea

46、rs passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and tha nked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her an swer. None came.My hope turned to disappo in tme nt, the n little i

47、n terest and, fin ally, peace, it seemed that nothing happe ned.I couldn t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into some one she was not.he inn keepop! said Ners.Now the present of her desk told me, as she had never b

48、een able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chose n work. I clea ned the desk carefully and found some papers in side a photo of my father and a on e-page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that

49、speaks louder than words.1. The passage shows that.A. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. Mother was too serious about everyth ing her daughter had doneC. Mother cared much about her daughter in wordsD. Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words2. What did Mothe

50、r do with her daughter s letter ask ing for forgiven ess?A. She had n ever received the letterB. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she died.Keys: 1. A 2. D(B)Several years ago, cell phone

51、s were very expe nsive. Only importa nt people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, eve n high school stude nts, have one in the han ds.It is true that it s an easy way t

52、o keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places likeclassrooms, movie theatres, and museums, where every one should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when driving. Worst of all, some students who

53、can their phone bills do someth ing illegal to get mon ey. So, are cell phones really a help?1. How does the writer feel about cell phon es?A. They are really a help.B. They harm people s health.C. He wants very much to know if they do people good.D. It s all right to use them in theatre.Keys: 1. A(

54、C)The entertainment profession or“ showattceBtessany young people. Unfortunately, only very few canhope to become famous and successful. Tale nt is not eno ugh, because show bus in ess is as competitive as any other bus in ess .Without a good man ager ,a performer can n ever hope to succeed .Fashi o

55、n is importa nt in this bus in ess, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “ act in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedia ns, but perhaps most of

56、 all sin gers.“ Pop sta nds for “ popular and a pop sin ger has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he hassucceeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can n

57、 ot relax. The n he must work harder tha n ever because there are always youn ger sin gers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successfulpop sin ger is not at all easy. He can only relax whe n he is alone, because everythi ng he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the“ fans ” . The fans are the most important people in the world for the singeThey buy his records, they go to his con certs and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very a