英美文化概括

1、Origi ns of Wester n CultureThe Development of British CultureEarly America n CultureA History of Immigrati on and Regi onal America n CultureCulture through media: The music, art and ideas that created moder n America n culture Moder n America n Culture, Persp ectives and LifestyleCulture of Austra

2、lia, New Zeala nd and Can adaItalia n SideJewish SideOrigi ns of Wester n CultureSumeria and Baby IonPhoe niciansThe GreeksGreek Philos ophyAn cie nt Greek CultureAn cie nt Greek CultureThe Rise of RomeThe RomansRoma n Rep ublicRoman Culture (Rep ublic)Social orderFathers led the familiesWome n bel

3、on ged to their fathers and husba ndsSlaves were war prisoners see n as propertyPatriarchs and pl ebia nsClothi ngTogasSan dalsFoodSimp le dietBread, olives, cheese, salads, fruits, nutsWineThe P unic WarsTransition to EmpireAnn exati on of Carthagi nian landConq ueri ng Macedo n, GreeceExpansion in

4、to Gallic territoryThe GracchiIn ternal con flict betwee n rich and poorThe First T riumvirateJulius CaesarCrassus and PompeyCaesars success in the Gallic warsCaesar in vades Rome in 49 BCCaesar is murdered in 44 BCAugustus and the Roman EmpireOctavius, Marc Antony, and Lep idus formed the Second Tr

5、iumvirateMarc Antony and Cleop atraThe Battle of ActiumOctavius n ames himself as Emp eror, ren ames himself AugustusRome en ters its “ Golde n Age ”Roman Culture in the “ Golden Age”Heavily in flue need by the GreeksThe Roma ns became more decade nt whe n their wealth in creasedRoman T echnologyAqu

6、eductsMach inesSurgical equipmentGlassRoadsSewersBooksRoman Language (Latin)Classical Latin vs V ulgar LatinDevelopment into Italia n, Fren ch, Spani sh, etc.Importance to the Catholic ChurchRoman ArtsLiteraturePo etryPlaysPain ti ng and mosaicsMusicRoman SocietyThe ForumThe BathsRoman Sport and Ent

7、ertainmentWrestli ngSwimmi ngRaci ngThrow ingBall gamesGladiatorial combatThe Circus MaximusMore Roman HistoryA Short History of the Roman Empire The Fall of RomeSp lit betwee n East and WestGoths, Huns and Van dalsGoths sack Rome (410 AD)Euro pe after the RomansByza nti ne EmpireWarri ng Germa n tr

8、ibesRise of Islam“Viking Age ”Germa nic peoples settled in En gla nd (An glo-Sax ons) Con solidati on of Brita inCharlemag nes Emp ireWhat did we get from the Romans?The plan ets Thumbs up Cheers TheReligio nLati n scri ptLan guage The cale ndararch and dome Numerals Con creteSome famous quotesErrar

9、e huma num est - Sen eca the Youn gerVeni, vidi, vici! - Julius CaesarCarpe diem HoraceAmor vin cit omnia VirgilDum vita est, spes est. - CiceroDe n ihilo n ihil - LucretiusCogito ergo sum - DescartesEngland in the Middle AgesP rehistory, Roman p eriod and the Early Middle AgesHuma ns start ing livi

10、 ng in Brita in more tha n 800,000 years agoCeltic and Bryth onic peoples duri ng the Iron AgeRoma ns came, foun ded citiesSettleme nt of Germa nic tribes (P icts, An glos, Saxons)English MythBeowulfThe Arthuria n Lege ndReligious Devel op mentChristia nity flourished un der Roma ns, the n vani shed

11、 Conversion of An glo-Sax ons from Paga nism to Christia nity ?thelberht of Ken t (601)Wessex and Mercia became Christia n in the 7th cen tury Paga n beliefs lin gered and comb ined into Christia nityThe Norman InvasionWilliam the Con queror (1066)Battle of Hast ingsThe High Middle AgesFeudalismFren

12、ch in flue neeCen tralized lawThe CrusadesRobi n HoodWarfare in Medieval EnglandCastles and defe nsive structuresKni ghts on horsebackHeavily armored soldiersMach inery to destroy build ingsP rimitive artilleryEarly English LiteratureA kny ght ther was, and that a worthy man,That fro the tyme that h

13、e first biga nTo ride n out, he loved chivalrie,Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisie.Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre, And therto hadde he ride n, no man ferre, As wel in criste ndom as in hethe nesse, And evere honoured for his worth yn esse.The Late Middle AgesP easa nt revoltsThe Hun dre

14、d Years WarCivil war (War of the Roses)The Papal SchismShakes peare and the English RenaissanceWilliam Shakes peareFran cis Bac onChrist op her MarloweJohn Donne“ Elizabetha n Era ”Literature and musicEarly moder n p eriodThe Elizabethan EraRule of the TudorsP lots to kill ElizabethConflict with Sp

15、ai nVictory over Spanish ArmadaDevelopments in the artsHigher sta ndard of liv ingMarti n Luther and the P rotesta nt Reformatio nP rotesta ntism vs CatholicismUnion of the CrownsDeath of Queen Elizabeth without an heir in 1603James VI, King of Scots becomes King of Great Brita inAnim osity betwee n

16、 Scottish and En glishUnion was not successful un til 100 years laterThe Gunpo wder PlotEnglish Civil WarCharles I (s on of James VI) becomes kingThe Parliame nt of En gla nd n eeded by the king to levy taxesRebelli on in Scotla ndCharles sum moned a new p arliame nt, the “ Long Parliame nt ”P arlia

17、me nt makes dema ndsKing esca pes London, war betwee n Charles and Parliame nt Parliame nt won, tried Charles for treas on and cut off his head Oliver Cromwell rules as P rotectorThe First British EmpireBritish coloni zati on of the AmericasThe slave tradeThe spice tradeThe Seve n Years War(The Fren

18、ch and In dia n War)The Industrial Revolution in BritainTextilesSteam power Iron makingRailways Urba ni zati onOrgani zati on of laborPopu lati on in creaseBritains Century of Imp erialismEast In dia Tradi ng CompanyBritish In diaAmerica n Revoluti onary WarPacific expIo rati onEstablishme nt of Aus

19、traliaSuez CanalDomin atio n of AfricaSeizure of Hong Kong (First Opium War)Napoleonic WarRivalry with RussiaThe World WarsTurn of 20th cen tury fears of defe nding large empireAllia nee with Japan, France, Russia before First World War in 1914British empire reaches its maximum sizeDuring Great Dep

20、ressi on, Brita in allies with the USA in stead of JapanBrita in declares war on Nazi Germa ny in 1939DecolonizationBrita in emerges from WWII victorious, but damagedMassive debt cripples the empire, only saved by $56 billio n loa nIn dia n and Irish independence moveme nts and Cold War era Coun tri

21、es formed:In dia, P akista n, Burma, Malaysia,Singapo re, Israel, Brun ei, etc.“ Winds of change ” in AfricaCan ada, Australia, New Zeala nd become truly sep arate coun tries Rete nti on of small isla nds Symbolic end of empire in 1997, Hong Ko ng ceded to PRCThe Legacy of BritainEstablished use of

22、En glish throughout the worldCon servatio n of En glish conven ti onsP arliame ntary gover nment in many former coloniesMass migrati ons of peopleOverview of American HistoryP re-ColonizationNative America ns migrated from northern Asia 30,000 years agoMainly lived as hun ter-gatherers, but also gre

23、w corn, squash, bea nsLarge regi onal cultures divided into smaller tribesRespect for the landEuro pean DiscoveryChrist op her Columbus, 1493Spanish colony in St. August ine, Florida 1565Early 1600s, Dutch settlers foun ded New AmsterdamBritish colony at Jamestown, V irginia in 1607Massachusetts Bay

24、 Colo ny in 1630The Thirteen ColoniesThe First Great Awake ningPopu lati on growth in the colonies The French and In dia n War Benjamin FranklinTaxati on without rep rese ntati on The Bost on Tea P artyThe Revolutionary WarThe Declaratio n of Independence Military allia nee with FranceGen eral Georg

25、e Wash ington Patriots vs LoyalistsThe ConstitutionCon stituti on writte n in 1789 to form a strong cen tral gover nmentAlexa nder Hamilt onJoh n AdamsThomas Jeffers onBill of RightsPo st-Revolution AmericaThe Louisia na PurchaseWar of 1812Monroe Doctri neTrail of TearsSecond Great Awake ningAmerica

26、n Exp ansionismWestward expansion “ Mani fest desti ny ”Mexica n-American War (1846)Califor nia gold rushNorth vs SouthAboliti oni stsSouther n states rich from cott on, with 4 millio n slavesNat Turner Rebellio nAbraham Li ncol n is elected p reside nt in 1860, souther n states secede from the Unio

27、n to form the Con federacyThe American Civil WarP reserve the unionRobert E. LeeBattle of An tietamBattle of GettysburgUlysses S. GrantMarch to the seaReconstructionEmancip ati on Proclamati on Rec on structio n Ame ndme ntsAssass in ati on of LincolnKu Klux Kla n (KKK)The Gilded AgeMark Twai nWave

28、of immigrati onAn drew Carn egie and Joh n D. RockefellerRailroadsFree Silver moveme ntChin ese exclusi on actP rogressive Era and American Imp erialism 1900 America has stro ngest economy in the worldSpani sh-America n WarTheodore RooseveltPan ama CanalWorld War IRoaring TwentiesProhibiti onThe Jaz

29、z Age “Fla pp ers ”Wides pread prosp erityThe Great Dep ressionStock market crash, 1929Fran klin D. RooseveltNew DealWorld War IIRecoveri ng USA pro mised finan cial aid but no troopsAttack on P earl Harbor by the Japan ese, 1941War revitalized America n economyD-dayThe Man hatta n P rojectCold War

30、EraRivalry between USA and USSRThe Marshall P la nThe Space RaceJoh n F. Kenn edyCivil RightsRosa P arks and Martin Luther King Jr.Wome ns Moveme ntCountercultural RevolutionResista nee to Viet nam warChanging cultural moresCold War DetenteWatergate sca ndalReaga nomicsEn ergy crisisEnd of the Cold

31、War , Start of the War on T errorColla pse of Soviet Union in 1991Gulf War 9/11In vasi on of Iraq and Afgha ni sta nThe Great Recessi onA History of ImmigrationEnglishAbout 20% of America n popu lati on todayCon siste ntly immigrated to America from 1607 un til the p rese nt dayDutchSettled New York

32、 area in the 1600sMajor immigrati on in the 1800sFrenchAbout 6% of US pop ulationMany came before US independenceNew Orlea nsCanadaSp anishEarliest p rese nee in the AmericasLarge amount of immigra nts in the early 1900s About 13% of America ns have Spanish orig ins Many immigra nts from Mexico and

33、Lati n America GermanLargest eth nic group in America About 16% of US pop ulation Mai niy immigrated in the 1800s Irish 3rd largest eth nic group in America 12% of total US pop ulationMany immigrated duri ng 1800sAfrican2nd largest eth nic group in America 14% of total US pop ulationMost are desce n

34、dants of slavesItalian 6% of US pop ulationMost immigrated from southern Italy in the late 1800s and early 1900sChineseIn itial immigratio n duri ng 1800sCon ti nued immigrati on since 19501.2% of US pop ulationJewishMainly from Easter n EuropeImmigrated duri ng the 1900s2.2% of US pop ulationRegion

35、al CultureReview: Origins of Western Civilization and the GreeksFertile Cresce ntHammurabis CodeSumerPhoe niciansGreek cultureSocratesPlatoAristotleAlexa nder the GreatReview: The RomansRomulus and RemusRoma n Rep ublicPunic WarsJulius CaesarMarc AntonyAugustusRoma n tech no logyRoma n cultureRoma n literatureSp read of Christia nityFall of RomeReview: History of EnglandBeowulfKing ArthurWilliam the Con queror (1066)The CrusadesRob in HoodThe Black DeathThe Hun dred Years WarEli