英语中祈使句的用法

1、学生姓名:课题祈使句教学目标祈使句的学习重点、难点祈使句的反义疑问句；考点及考试要求1 .考查祈使句的肯定式、否认式及其反义疑问句；2.考查祈使句的答复；教学内容祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根 据其句意，实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感慨号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求 或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上 please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态 的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the sm

2、all room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。1. 肯定的祈使句1动词原形+其他Sta nd up, please. = Please sta nd up.请起立。2Be + adj.Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!小心 / 留神！3 Lets + 动词原形Let s go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。2. 否认的祈使句Dont +动词原形Never +动词原形Dont sta nd up.别站起来。Dont be careless.另 粗心。Dont let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。 Lets

3、let sb. + n ot +动词原形Lets not say any thi ng about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。Let them n ot play with fire.别让他们玩火。3. 祈使句的反意疑问句1肯疋祈使句的反意疑冋句反冋局部用will you或wont you 。Please open the door, will/ won t you?请把门翻开，好吗？(2)否认祈使句的反意疑问句反问局部只用will you 。Dont be late agai n, will you?别再迟到了，行不行？以lets开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问局部用 shall we 。

4、Lets turn on the TV, shall we?我们把电视翻开，好吗？ 只有以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问局部才用shall we,而let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问局部应为 will you 或wont you.女口： Let us stay here, will/ wont you?请(你)让我们留在这好吗？4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否认祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例 如：NO PHOTOS!止拍照！5. 祈使句的答复祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以答复祈使句时，一般用will或won t。在答复具有否认意义的祈使句

5、时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即 Yes与will保持一致；No与won t保持 一致。二是意思相反，即 Yes是不的意思；No是是的意思。在答复时，要注意分析上下 文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Don t go out, please. It s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。-Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。6. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连 词and来连接；

6、如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否认条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有方法。Hurry up, or we ll be late.快点，否那么我们要迟到了。七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个 八. 祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动

7、词DoDo在句中无意义。例如：Do shut up! 快住口！九. 特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个 带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldn t have died.Hf you had given them more water, theyoung trees couldn t have died.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。十.运用祈使句的误区祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相

8、混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就 会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。例如：your compositi on carefully, some spelli ng mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check析：如果空白处选填BCheck项，那么视为祈使句，但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接；如选A或D项分词或不定式，句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作，故均不符合句子结构。因此，只有C项条件

9、状语从句符合句子结构及句意。祈使句考题集锦1一、单项选择1. The TV is too loud. Please.A. tur n it dow n B. to tur n it dow nC. turn dow n it D. to turn dow n it2. late aga in. Bill!A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not3. cross the road un til the traffic lights turn gree n.A. NotB. WontC. Does ntD. Dont4. Please help me

10、 carry it,?A. will I B. will you C. shall ID. shall we5. Dont make so much no ise,?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you6. Do you know the girlun der the tree?A. sta ndB. to sta ndC. sta ndingD. stood7. Kate,your homework here tomorrow.A. bringB. bringsC. to bringD. bringing8. me the truth,

11、or ril be an gry.A. Telli ngB. To tell C. ToldD. Tell9. Ive kept the dogMaomao for a long time.A. NameB. n amedC. namingD. to n ame10. Dont you know thatis good for our health?A. swimB. swimmi ngC. swamD. swims二、句型转换11. Will you please read it again more slowly?改为祈使句aga in more slowly, please.12. If

12、 you dont liste n to me, Ill go.改为同义句me, or I ll go.13. Lets watch the sports games.改为反意疑问句Lets watch the sports games,?14. The teachers ofte n tell the stude nts not to be careless.改为祈使句careless, please.15. Please sit next to Na ncy.改为否认句n ext to Nancy.16. Do nt forget to turn off the lights, pleas

13、e.改为反意疑问句Dont forget to turn off the lights,?17. If you move, youll die.改为同义句, or youll die.18. Come to my house tomorrow.改为反意疑问句Come to my house tomorrow,?19. 这是一个坏了的被子。番This is a.20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。翻译句子Let s go and help the, please.参考答案1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 1

14、4. Don t be 15. Don t sitcrying16. will you 17. Don t move 18. will / won t you 19.broken glass / cup 20.girl祈使句考题集锦2一、将以下祈使句改为否认式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him.3. Please wait for her.4. Read the book carefully. 5. Sit un der the tree, please. 6. Let s go there together.A. haveB. hav inghaveD. had2

15、.me go. It is very importa nt for me.A. Do letB. let doDoi ng letD. To do let3. He is not hon est.believe him.A.NotC. To notD. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know,?A. will youB. shall weyouD. do we5. Never come late aga in,?A. will youB. won tyouD. does he、选择最正确答案填空:1. If you are tired,a rest.

16、6. up early tomorrow, or you can t catch the train.C.B. Don tC. toC. doC. doA. Getti ngB. GetgetD. Got7.in the street. It s dangerous.A. Not playB. Not to playplayD. Don t to play8. Pleaseme some mon ey, will you?A.lendC. to lendD. be lendC. ToC. Don tB. lending9. The film is about to beg in. Please

17、seated.B.areD. beingB. Keepi ng C. ToA. beC. is10. the boxes. You may use them later.A. KeepkeepD. Kept祈使句考题集锦(3)I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It s an important meeting.(not, be) late.2. (not, make) any no ise! Your mother is sleep ing.3. (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and(be) polite.4. (not, tal

18、k) and(read) aloud.5. (no t, leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. (look) out! A car is coming.7. (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. (no t, let) the baby cry.9. Wear more clothes or you(catch) a cold.10. Let s(not, say) anything about it.II.(选择填空)1 .Her doctor sa

19、id:A Stop B Don t)2.Sin dy,to be here at 8 oA is sure B is sure that C will be sure ) whe n you cross the road.A Do care B CareC Do be careful)4.him the secret, will you?A Don t tell B Not to tell)5.in bed. It sA Not to read B Don hild. Wework so hard C Can t clockD be sureD To be careful)6.Your cA Not to worry aboutC Not worry for)are very tired. Why _A not they B do not they)8 -You look rather tired.-All right.C Not telli ngbad for your eyes.t readC Don t to readll look after him.B Don t worry about D Don t wor