主动语态和被动语态知识点

1、主动语态和被动语态知识点知识点总结语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态，如：We speak Chi nese in Chi na.在中国我们说汉语；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态，如：Chinese is spokenby us in Chi na.在中国汉语被我们说。一、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出

2、不同的时态；3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by的短语可以省略）;例: 1. Bruce writes a letter every week.A letter is writte n by Bruce every week.二、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom isclea ned everyday.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was builtlast year.3. 现在完成时的被

3、动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book hasbee n tran slated into many Ian guages.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词Ma ny more trees willbe pla nted n ext year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词You ng trees mustbe watered ofte n.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + bei ng +及物动词的过去分词Un cle Wangis

4、mending my bike now.My-bike is being repaired by Tom now.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. bThere are twenty more trees to be pla nted.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dino saursdisappeared about 65 milli on years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thi

5、s pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上 to。例: make somebody do something bsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingb somebody d-seemethingThe boss made thelittle boy do heavy work.b The little boy was made to do heavy work by the b

6、oss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book. ba book was given to me by him.Heshowed me a ticket.ticket basAshow n to me by him.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We can t laugh at him.He can t be laughed at by us.常见考法对于语态考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态

7、的能力。一般情 况下，会综合考查时态和语态，这时，要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态，然后再确定语态。典型例题：-Could you tell me whom the radioby? -Sorry, I have no idea.A invents B inven ted C is inven ted D was inven ted解析：题干的意思是“尔能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗？”发明收音机是过去的事，所以用过去时，排除A和C;而radio和invent构成被动关系，应用被动语态，排除B答案：D误区提醒有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to ”，这一点我们

8、必须注意。典型例题： The young man was ofte n see nby the lake.A to draw B to draw ing C draw D drew解析：这是2007年济南的中考题。看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。答案：A1、)1 The Peoples Republic of Chi naon October 1, 1949.A. found B. was foun ded C. is foun dedD. was found()2 This En glish songby the gir

9、ls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung()3.New computersall over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2、( ) 1 Our room mustclean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()2. A new houseat the corner of the road.A. is buildi ngB. is being

10、built C. bee n builtD. be buildi ng()3. Doctorsin every part of the world.A. n eed .B. are n eed ing .C. are n eeded .D. will n eed3、 ( ) 1 Japanesein every country.A. is not spoke n B. are spoke n C. is speak ing D. is not speak ing()2 These papersyet.A. have not writte n B. have not bee n writte n

11、C. has not writte n D. has not bee n writte n4、( ) 1.the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are()2.these desks be n eeded?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5、( )1 Who was the book?A. write B. wrote C. written D. writte n by()2. Wherethese boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am6

12、、( ) 1 The flowersoften.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water()2 The books mayfor two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow()3 The broken bikehere by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can men dedC. can be mend D. can be men ded7、 ( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometownnext

13、mon th.A. is going to be built B. will builtC. are going to be built D. are going to built()2 The playat the theatre n ext Sun day.A. is going to be show n B. will show n C. will show D. is show n8、( ) 1 Now these magazinesin the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keep ing C. have bee n kee

14、p ingD. have bee n kept()2 The potforhot water.A. used; keep ingB. was used; keep ingC. is used; to keep D. are used; keep()3 Teain the south of China.A. grows B. is grow n C. were grow nD. will grow()4 The bridgestwo years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built()5 Wet clothes are ofte

15、nup n ear a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. han gedC. hanging D. hung()6. Old people must.A. look after well B. be looked well afterC. looked well after D. be looked after well()7 Newly-bor n babiesin hospital.A. are take n good careB. are take n good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care()

16、8 These wallsstone.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into()9. Janeto sing us an America n song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said()10.The papersto them.A. were show n B. show C. show n / D. have show n()11. Ifive minu tes to decide whether I should go or not.A.

17、 gave B. was givi ng C. had give n D. was give nC. should be tak ingD. should be take n of()1 2.The teacher made himhis homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done()13. The boystreets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clea n B. made clea nC. made to clea n D. was made clea n()14. These childrend

18、ance.A. were see n toB. were see n forC. were see nD. saw to()15. The importa nt meeti ngon a cold morning last year.A. was have B. was held C. held D. had()1 Great changesin the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place()2 You cant use the computer, it.A. was broke n dow nB. is wrong C. is bad D. has broke n dow n()3 Great changesin our country duri ng the past 20 years.A. have happe ned B. happe ned C. have bee n happe ned D. were happe ned()1 Please pass me ano ther cup. This one.A. is broke n B. is break ing C. brok