担保法(中英文版)

1、Promulgation date: 【Statute Title 】The Guarantee Law of the Peoples Republic of China 【法规标题】中华人民共和国担保法现行有效 发布日期: 06-30-1995 Effective date: 10-01-1995 Effective 1995-06-30 Department: Standing Committee of the National 生效日期: 发布部门: 1995-10-01 全国人大常委会 Subject: Peoples Congress Civil Law,Contract 中华人民共

2、和国主席令 THE GUARANTEE LAW OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA （第五十号） (Adopted by the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People s Congress at the Fourteenth Session on June 30, 1995) 中华人民共和国担保法 已由中华人民 共和国第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会 第十四次会议于1 9 9 5年6月3 0日通过, 现予公布，自1 9 9 5年10月1日起施行。 中华人民共和国主席江泽民 1995年6月30日 中华人民

3、共和 国担保法 0日第八届 全国人民代表大会常务委员 会第十四次会议通过） 目录 第一章 总则 第二章 保证 第一节 保证和保证人 第二节 保证合同和保证方式 第三节 保证责任 第三章 抵押 第一节 抵押和抵押物 第二节 抵押合同和抵押物登记 第三节 抵押的效力 第四节 抵押权的实现 第五节 最高额抵押 第四章 质押 第一节 动产质押 第二节 权利质押 第五章 留置 第六章 定金 第七章 附则 Article 1 This law has been formulated to promote the circulation of funds and commodities, ensure th

4、e realization of creditors fights and thus 第一条【立法目的】为促进资金融 通和商品流通，保障债权的实现，发展社 advance the development of the socialist market economy. 会主义市场经济，制定本法。 Article 2 Act of guarantee can be established in accordance with this law whenever creditors require to safeguard the realization of their rights in 第二

5、条【适用范围及担保方式】在 借贷、买卖、货物运输、加工承揽等经济 such economic activities as debit and credit, selling and purchasing, commodities transport and contracted processing. 活动中，债权人需要以担保方式保障其债 权实现的，可以依照本法规定设定担保。 The means of guarantee stipulated by this law are guarantee, mortgage, hypothecation, lien and deposits. 本法规定的

6、担保方式为保证、抵押、 质押、留置和定金。 Article 3 Acts of guarantee shall be conducted under the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness and mutual trust. 第三条【担保活动基本原则】担保 活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平、诚实信 用的原则。 Article 4 In providing guarantee to a creditor for a debtor a third party may demand counter-guarantee from the de

7、btor. 第四条【反担保】第三人为债务人 向债权人提供担保时，可以要求债务人提 This law also applies to counter-guarantee. 供反担保。 反担保适用本法担保的规定。 第一章总则 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 5 A guarantee contract should be subordinated to the principal contract. When the principal contract is nullified, the guarantee contract should also be

8、come invalid. Otherwise, should there be some arrangements stipulated in the guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead. After the nullification of the guarantee contract, mistakes, if any, of the debtor, guarantor or creditor, shall be affixed with due civil responsibilities.

9、CHAPTER 2 GUARANTEE SECTION 1 GUARANTEE AND GUARANTOR Article 6 Guarantee referred to in this law means the acts of a guarantor to pay the debts or assume the responsibility under an agreement between the guarantor and the creditor, in case the debtor fails to pay the debts, 第五条 【担保合同与主合同的关系 以及担保合同无

10、效后的法律后果】担保合 同是主合同的从合同，主合同无效，担保 合同无效。担保合同另有约定的，按照约 担保合同被确认无效后，债务人、担 保人、债权人有过错的，应当根据其过错 各自承担相应的民事责任。 第二章保证 第一节保证和保证人 第六条 【保证的定义】本法所称保 证，是指保证人和债权人约定，当债务人 不履行债务时，保证人按照约定履行债务 或者承担责任的行为。 Article 7 Legal persons, other organizations or citizens that have the capacity to pay off debts can act as guarantors.

11、 第七条 【保证人的资格和范围】具 有代为清偿债务能力的法人、其他组织或 者公民，可以作保证人。 第八条 【国家机关作为保证人的禁 止与例外】国家机关不得为保证人，但经 Article 8 State organs cannot act as guarantors, except for sub-lending of loans from foreign governments or international economic organizations. 国务院批准为使用外国政府或者国际经济 组织贷款进行转贷的除外。 第九条 【公益法人作为保证人的禁 止】学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的

12、的事业单位、社会团体不得为保证人。 第十条 【企业法人分支机构、职能 部门作为保证人的禁止与例外】企业法人 的分支机构、职能部门不得为保证人。 企业法人的分支机构有法人书面授权 的，可以在授权范围内提供保证。 第十一条 【强令提供担保的禁止】 任何单位和个人不得强令银行等金融机构 或者企业为他人提供保证；银行等金融机 构或者企业对强令其为他人提供保证的行 为，有权拒绝。 第十二条【共同保证】同一债务有 两个以上保证人的，保证人应当按照保证 合同约定的保证份额，承担保证责任。没 有约定保证份额的，保证人承担连带责任, 债权人可以要求任何一个保证人承担全部 保证责任，保证人都负有担保全部债权实 现

13、的义务。已经承担保证责任的保证人， 有权向债务人追偿，或者要求承担连带责 任的其他保证人清偿其应当承担的份额。 第二节保证合同和保证方式 第十三条【保证合同的订立】保证 人与债权人应当以书面形式订立保证合 同。 第十四条【一时保证与最高额保证】 保证人与债权人可以就单个主合同分别订 立保证合同，也可以协议在最高债权额限 度内就一定期间连续发生的借款合同或者 某项商品交易合同订立一个保证合同。 第十五条【保证合同的内容】保证 合同应当包括以下内容： （一）被保证的主债权种类、数额； （二）债务人履行债务的期限； Article 9 Schools, kindergartens, hospital

14、s and other institutions or social groups cannot act as guarantors. Article 10 Branches and functional departments of enterprise legal persons cannot act as guarantors. Branches of enterprise legal persons, with the legal person svritten empowerment, can offer guarantee within the authorized areas.

15、Article 11 No units or individuals shall force financial institutions such as banks or enterprises to offer guarantee; banks and other financial institutions and enterprises have the right to refuse forced demands for guarantees. Article 12 If one debt has more than two guarantors, the guarantors sh

16、all share their responsibility of guarantee in accordance with the arrangements laid down in the guarantee contract. If there are no arrangements on the share of guarantee responsibility, the guarantors shall assume joint responsibility and the creditor can demand any one of the guarantors to pay th

17、e whole debt; and any of the guarantors has the obligation to pay the total of the debt. The guarantor who has paid the debt has the right to seek compensations from the debtor, or demand other guarantors who have joint responsibility to pay their share. SECTION 2 GUARANTEE CONTRACT AND MODES OF GUA

18、RANTEE Article13 A guarantor and the creditor shall enter into a written guarantee contract. Article14 A guarantor and the creditor may enter into separate guarantee contracts for a specific principal contract. They can also make a guarantee contract that sets a maximum amount and covers several loa

19、ns contracts during a certain period, or covers certain commodity transactions. Article 15 The guarantee contract shall include the following information: 1. The categories and sums of the principal creditor s rights guaranteed; 2. The deadline for the debtor to pay the debt; 3. The mode of guarante

20、e; 4. The range covered by the guarantee; 5. The duration of the guarantee; 6. Other information deemed necessary by the signatories. Guarantee contracts that do not fully comply with the requirements set in the previous paragraph may be revised. Article 16 There are two modalities of guarantee: 1.

21、Ordinary guarantee; 2. Joint responsibility guarantee. Article 17 Ordinary guarantee refers to the arrangement in the guarantee contract that the guarantor assumes guarantee responsibility when the debtor fails to pay the debt. A guarantor under the arrangements of ordinary guarantee may refuse the

22、credit or s demand of assuming guarantee responsibilities before the principal contract undergoes judicial or arbitrary procedures and that the debtor remains incapable of paying the debt despite mandatory implementation against his properties. A guarantor cannot exercise the rights laid down in the

23、 previous section in one of the following occasions: 1. The debtor changes its residence, resulting to major difficulty for the creditor to request the debtor to pay the debt; 2. The implementation procedure is suspende d when the people s court accept and hear the debtor s bankruptcy case; 3. The g

24、uarantor gives up the responsibilities laid down in the previous paragraph through means of a written document. Article 18 Joint responsibility guarantee refers to the arrangements laid down in the guarantor contract that the guarantor and the debtor assume joint responsibility over the debts. When

25、the deadline as set on the principal contract is passed and the debtor with joint guarantee responsibilitiesfails to pay the debts, the creditor may demand the debtor to pay the debts or demand the guarantor to assume guarantee responsibilities within the range set in the contract. Article 19 When t

26、here is no arrangement or there is unclear arrangement on the modality of guarantee, the debtor and the guarantor shall assume joint guarantee responsibility. （三）保证的方式； （四）保证担保的范围； （五）保证的期间； （六）双方认为需要约定的其他事项。 保证合同不完全具备前款规定内容 的，可以补正。 第十六条 【保证的方式】保证的方 式有： （一）一般保证； （二）连带责任保证。 第十七条【一般保证及先诉抗辩权】 当事人在保证合同中

27、约定，债务人不能履 行债务时，由保证人承担保证责任的，为 一般保证。 一般保证的保证人在主合同纠纷未经 审判或者仲裁，并就债务人财产依法强制 执行仍不能履行债务前，对债权人可以拒 绝承担保证责任。 有下列情形之一的，保证人不得行使 前款规定的权利： （一）债务人住所变更，致使债权人 要求其履行债务发生重大困难的； （二）人民法院受理债务人破产案件， 中止执行程序的； （三）保证人以书面形式放弃前款规 定的权利的。 第十八条 【连带责任保证】当事人 在保证合同中约定保证人与债务人对债务 承担连带责任的，为连带责任保证。 连带责任保证的债务人在主合同规定 的债务履行期届满没有履行债务的，债权 人可

28、以要求债务人履行债务，也可以要求 保证人在其保证范围内承担保证责任。 第十九条 【保证方式没有约定或约 定不明的推定】当事人对保证方式没有约 定或者约定不明确的，按照连带责任保证 承担保证责任。 第二十条 【保证人的一般抗辩权】 一般保证和连带责任保证的保证人享有债 Article 20 A guarantor involved in either ordinary guarantee or joint responsibility guarantee has the right of counterplea. The guarantor stillhas the right to count

29、erplea even if the debtor gives up the right to counterplea. The right to counterplea refers to the debtor s right to counter creditor right to request according to statutory particulars of the matter, when the latter exercises its creditors rights. SECTION 3 GUARANTEE RESPONSIBILITIES Article 21 Th

30、e range of guarantee includes the principal debts and their interest, default fine, damage awards and expense for the realization of the creditors rights. Should there be other aangements in the guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead. If there is no arrangement or there is

31、unclear arrangement on the range of guarantee, the guarantor shall assume full responsibility over the total debts. Article 22 During the period of the guarantee, when the creditor transfers the principal creditors rights to a third party according to legal procedures, the guarantorshall continue to

32、 assume guarantee responsibilities over the range as set under the original guarantee contract. Should there be other arrangements set in the contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead. Article 23 During the duration of the guarantee, when the debtor, with the approval of the creditor, t

33、ransfers the debt, the transfer shall require a written approval from the guarantor. The guarantor assumes no more guarantee responsibilities over debts transferred without its approval. Article 24 When the creditor and the debtor changes the principal contract, they shall have beforehand the writte

34、n approval from the guarantor. The guarantor assumes no more guarantee responsibilities if the change is made without its approval. If there are other arrangements in the guarantee contract, those arrangements shall be followed instead. Article 25 For ordinary guarantee activities without arrangemen

35、ts on the duration of the guarantee, the duration shall be six months following the date of the expiration of the principal debts. 务人的抗辩权。债务人放弃对债务的抗辩 权的，保证人仍有权抗辩。 s 抗辩权是指债权人行使债权时，债务 人根据法定事由，对抗债权人行使请求权 的权利。 第三节保证责任 第二条【保证范围】保证担保 的范围包括主债权及利息、违约金、损害 赔偿金和实现债权的费用。保证合同另有 约定的，按照约定。 当事人对保证担保的范围没有约定或 者约定不明确的

36、，保证人应当对全部债务 承担责任。 第二十二条【债权让与对保证责任 的影响】保证期间，债权人依法将主债权 转让给第三人的，保证人在原保证担保的 范围内继续承担保证责任。保证合同另有 约定的，按照约定。 第二十三条【债务承担对保证责任 的影响】保证期间，债权人许可债务人转 让债务的，应当取得保证人书面同意，保 证人对未经其同意转让的债务，不再承担 保证责任。 第二十四条【债的变更对保证责任 的影响】债权人与债务人协议变更主合同 的，应当取得保证人书面同意，未经保证 人书面同意的，保证人不再承担保证责任。 保证合同另有约定的，按照约定。 第二十五条【一般保证的保证期间】 一般保证的保证人与债权人未

37、约定保证期 间的，保证期间为主债务履行期届满之日 起六个月。 在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的 保证期间，债权人未对债务人提起诉讼或 者申请仲裁的，保证人免除保证责任；债 权人已提起诉讼或者申请仲裁的，保证期 间适用诉讼时效中断的规定。 During the duration as set in the guarantee contract or that described in the previous paragraph, if the creditor fails to file litigation or arbitration requests, the guarantor sha

38、ll be exempt from guarantee responsibilities; if the creditor has filed litigation or arbitration requests, the duration of guarantee follows the procedures on suspension prescribed period for litigation. Article 26 If no arrangements on the duration of guarantee are made between the creditor and th

39、e guarantor with joint guarantee responsibilities, the creditorhas therightto requesttheguarantorto assume the guarantor rightduring the sixmonths since the end ofthe execution period of the principal debt. During the period of the guaranteeandthe periodasstated inthe previous paragraph, if thecredi

40、torfailsto requesttheguarantorto assume guarantee responsibilities, the guarantor can be exempt from guarantee responsibilities. Article 27 If the guarantor guarantees several consecutive debts, as described in Article 14 of the this law, and there are no arrangements on the duration of guarantee, t

41、he guarantor may notify the creditor of the termination of the guarantor contract through means of a written document at any time, but the guarantor has to assume guarantee responsibilities over the creditors rights incurred before the time when the creditor receives the written notification. Articl

42、e 28 If the same creditor rights has both guarantee and real security, the guarantor assumes guarantee responsibilities over the creditor s right other than guaranteed by real security. If a creditor gives up the real security, the guarantor will be exempt from the guarantor rights over the rights t

43、hat the creditor gives up. Article 29 If the branches of enterprise legal persons enter into guarantee contracts without the written empowerment of the enterprise legal person concerned or exceeding the empowerment of the enterprise legal person, the guarantee contract or those parts of the guarante

44、e contract that exceed the empowerment shall be nullified. If both the creditor and the enterprise legal person commit mistakes, they shall assume due civil responsibilities in accordance with their mistakes; if the creditor makes no mistakes, the enterprise legal person shall assume civil responsib

45、ilities. Article 30 A guarantor assumes no civil responsibilities in the following two occasions: 1. The parties to the principal contract collaborate to cheat the guarantor into giving guarantees; 2. The creditor of the principal contract, through means such as fraud and coercion, prompts the guara

46、ntor to give guarantee in violation of the true conditions. Article 31 The guarantor, after assuming the guarantee responsibilities, 第二十六条【连带责任的保证期间】 连带责任保证的保证人与债权人未约定保 证期间的，债权人有权自主债务履行期届 满之日起六个月内要求保证人承担保证责 任。 在合同约定的保证期间和前款规定的 保证期间，债权人未要求保证人承担保证 责任的，保证人免除保证责任。 第二十七条【最高额保证的保证期 间】保证人依照本法第十四条规定就连续 发生的债

47、权作保证，未约定保证期间的， 保证人可以随时书面通知债权人终止保证 合同，但保证人对于通知到债权人前所发 生的债权，承担保证责任。 第二十八条【保证担保与物的担保 并存时保证责任的承担】同一债权既有保 证又有物的担保的，保证人对物的担保以 外的债权承担保证责任。 债权人放弃物的担保的，保证人在债 权人放弃权利的范围内免除保证责任。 第二十九条【企业法人的分支机构 订立的无效保证合同的处理】企业法人的 分支机构未经法人书面授权或者超岀授权 范围与债权人订立保证合同的，该合同无 效或者超岀授权范围的部分无效，债权人 和企业法人有过错的，应当根据其过错各 自承担相应的民事责任；债权人无过错的, 由企

48、业法人承担民事责任。 第三十条 【保证责任的免除】有下 列情形之一的，保证人不承担民事责任： （一）主合同当事人双方串通，骗取 保证人提供保证的； （二）主合同债权人采取欺诈、胁迫 等手段，使保证人在违背真实意思的情况 下提供保证的。 第三十一条【保证人的追偿权】保 证人承担保证责任后，有权向债务人追偿。 is entitled to seek recompensation. Article 32 When a people sourt accepts and listens to the debtor s bankruptcy case, if the creditor fails to s

49、ubmit its creditorrigsits, the guarantor may participate in the distribution of the bankrupt properties and exercise the right of being recompensated in advance. CHAPTER 3 MORTGAGE SECTION 1 MORTGAGE AND OBJECTS OF PLEDGE Article 33 The mortgage described in this law refers to the act of the debtor,

50、 or the third party, who, without transferring the ownership of the properties as listed in Article 34 of this law, sets those properties as guarantee to the creditor s rights. When the debtor fails to pay the debt, the creditor has the right to get compensation, in accordance with the stipulations

51、of this law, by converting the properties into money or seek preferential payments from the proceeds from the auction or sales of the properties concerned. The debtor or the third party referred to in the previous paragraph is the mortgagor; the creditor is the mortgagee; and the properties used for

52、 guarantee is object of pledge. Article 34 The following properties can be used as mortgages: 1. The buildings and other fixed objects on the ground owned by the mortgagor; 2. The machines, transport means and other properties owned by the mortgagor; 3. State-owned land use rights, buildings and oth

53、er fixed objects on the ground that the mortgagor has the right to dispose of according to law; 4. State-owned machines, transport means and other properties that the mortgagor has the right to dispose of according to law; 5. Land use rights of barren hills, ravines, shoals and other wastelands the

54、mortgagor legally contracted, with the approval of the party that issued the contract; 6. Other properties that can be mortgaged according to law. The mortgagor may at once mortgage all the properties listed in the previous paragraph. Article 35 The creditor rights that the mortgagor mortgaged shall

55、 not exceed the value of the properties mortgaged. 第三十二条【保证人追偿权的预先 行使】人民法院受理债务人破产案件后， 债权人未申报债权的，保证人可以参加破 产财产分配，预先行使追偿权。 第三章抵押 第一节抵押和抵押物 第三十三条【抵押、抵押人、抵押 权人和抵押物】本法所称抵押，是指债务 人或者第三人不转移对本法第三十四条所 列财产的占有，将该财产作为债权的担保。 债务人不履行债务时，债权人有权依照本 法规定以该财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该 财产的价款优先受偿。 前款规定的债务人或者第三人为抵押 人，债权人为抵押权人，提供担保的财产 为抵押物。

56、 第三十四条【抵押财产的范围】下 列财产可以抵押： （一）抵押人所有的房屋和其他地上 定着物； （二）抵押人所有的机器、交通运输 工具和其他财产； （三）抵押人依法有权处分的国有的 土地使用权、房屋和其他地上定着物； （四）抵押人依法有权处分的国有的 机器、交通运输工具和其他财产； （五）抵押人依法承包并经发包方同 意抵押的荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩等荒地 的土地使用权； （六）依法可以抵押的其他财产。 抵押人可以将前款所列财产一并抵 押。 第三十五条【超额抵押之禁止】抵 押人所担保的债权不得超出其抵押物的价 值。 财产抵押后，该财产的价值大于所担 保债权的余额部分，可以再次抵押，但不 得超岀其余

57、额部分。 After being mortgaged, the balance of value of the properties that exceeds the creditor stsighn be mortgaged for a second time, but the sum of the mortgage shall not exceed the value of the balance. Article 36 If legally-acquired buildings on State-owned lands are mortgaged, the land use rights

58、 of the land occupied by the buildings shall also be mortgaged at the same time. The land use rights of State-owned lands acquired through means of transfer, when being mortgaged, the buildings on the land shall also be mortgaged at the same time. The land use rights per se of the township and villa

59、ge enterprises cannot be mortgaged. When the buildings of the township and village enterprises are mortgaged, the associated land use rights shall also be mortgaged at the same time. Article 37 The following properties shall not be mortgaged: 1. The ownership of lands; 2. The land use rights of farm

60、lands, house sites, lands and hills allotted for personal needs and other collective-owned lands except those listed in Section 5 of Article 34 and the third paragraph of Article 36. 3. Educational, medical and other public welfare facilities of schools, kindergartens, hospitals and other institutio