英国文学史复习资料整理新编

1、英国文学史复习资料整理 202x年x月x日 篇一：英国文学史复习资料撰写 (1) ? historical background: the making of britain a. briton (celtic tribes) b. the roman conquest.roman briton 1th julius caesar a.d.43 claudius c. mid.5th anglo.saxons (angles, saxons, jutes) anglo.saxon period d. danish invasion late 8th, danes late 9th, alfre

2、d the great the literature the literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisionspagan and christian pagan represents the poetry which the anglo.saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas christian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks. all of the e

3、arliest poetry of england was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring. the angles, an important teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called angle.land afterward shortened into england. the language spoken by these tri

4、bes is generally called anglo.saxon or saxon. literary term epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were

5、 written down. (examples: iliad, odyssey, chanson de roland) 2. beowulf national epic the longest and most monument of a.s poems the oldest surviving epic in british literature. ? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th) ? set in denmark and sweden beowulf 1. 3183 lines 2. contents: beo

6、wulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventures monster.grendel grendels mother fiery dragon theme: primitive peoples struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but

7、 he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people. features: part.historical and part legendary heathen tribal society, feudal elements, christian coloring a.s or ol

8、d english; alliteration metaphor in the year 1066, at the battle of hastings, the normans headed by william, duke of normandy, defeated the anglo.saxons. brought to england is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. england literature is also a combination of french and saxo

9、n elements. the three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of roman civilization to england 2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of saxon tribes 3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in chaucer 1 the norman conquest accele

10、rated the development of feudalism. ? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land ? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants ? on language: scholar wrote in french and latin; eiched english. the development of romance and knights legends romance: a long composition, som

11、etimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. the central character is the knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or king. the rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry. ? them

12、es of romance: the matter of britain king arthur and his knights of the round table (arthurian romances) the matter of france charlemagne and his knights (chanson deroland) the matter of rome from the trojan war to alexander the great king arthur: historical figure of celts; mythological figure in w

13、elsh literature; legendary hero in ? geoffery of monmouth: “history of the kings of britain” ? layamon: “brut” ? sir tomas malory: “le morte d?arthur” ? anglo.saxon ? later legends about a hero named arthur were placed in this period of violence. the invaders were variously angles, saxons, frisians,

14、 jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as angles or saxons. the most outstanding single romance on the arthurian legend sir gawain and the green knight (four sections) a.the fight between sir gawain and the green knight at king arthur?s christmas feast

15、. b. gawain?s adventures on the way to find the green knight of the green chapel 篇二：英国文学史及选读_复习要点总结 英国文学史及选读第一册复习要点 1. beowulf: national epic of the english people; denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. romance （名词解释） 3. “sir gawain and the green knight”: a f

16、amous roman about king arthurs story 4. ballad（名词解释） 5. character of robin hood 6. geoffrey chaucer: founder of english poetry; the canterbury tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in middle english; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. heroic couplet (名词解释)8. renais

17、sance（名词解释）9.thomas moreutopia 10. sonnet（名词解释）11. blank verse（名词解释）12. edmund spenser“the faerie queene” 13. francis bacon “essays” esp. “of studies”（推举阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣格外高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，格外值得一读） 14. william shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要生疏，当然他最重要的是ham

18、let这是确定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中有名对白和几首出名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. john milton 三大史诗格外重要，特殊是paradise lost和samson agonistes。对于paradise lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自old testament，另外要知道此书theme和satan的形象。 16. john bunyanthe pilgrims progress 17. founder of the metaphysical schooljohn donne; features of t

19、he school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. enlightenment（名词解释） 19. neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. richard steele“the tatler” 21. joseph addison“the spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，留意这个报纸和我们今日的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要认真读。 22. steels and addisons styles and their contributi

20、ons 23. alexander pope: “essay on criticism”, “essay on man”, “the rape of lock”, “the dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. jonathan swift: “gullivers travels”此书格外重要，要知道具体内容，就是gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方） “a modest proposal”比较重要，要留意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。 25. the ri

21、se and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century english literature. 26. daniel defoe: “robinson crusoe”, “moll flanders”, 当然是robinson crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚， robinson crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外留意defoe的style和feature，另外defoe是forerunner of english realistic no

22、vel。 27. samuel richardson“pamela” (first epistolary novel), “clarissa harlowe”, “sir charles grandison” 28. hey fielding: “joseph andrews”, “jonathan wild”, “tom jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要认真看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外fielding也被称为father of the english novel. 29. laurence sterne“tristram shandy”项狄传 30. richard sherid

23、an“the school for scandal” 31. oliver goldsmith“the traveller”(poem), “the deserted village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “the vicar of wakefield” (novel), “the good.natured man” (comedy), “she stoops to conquer” (comedy),“the citizen of the world” (collection of essays) 3

24、2. sentimentalism（名词解释） 33. thomas gray“elegy written in a country churchyard”（英国诗歌里格外有名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人) x graveyard school / poets”: a term applied to eighteenth.century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in

25、 a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. the vogue resulted in one of the most widely known english poems, thomas grays “elegy written in a country churchyard”. the writing of graveyard poems spread from england to continental li

26、terature in the second part of the century and also influenced some american poets. 34. in the latter half of the 18th century, pre.romanticism; representative: william blake and robert burns. 35. thomas percy“reliques of ancient english poetry”很多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和撰写起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较出名的一个民谣集。 36. willi

27、am blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特殊是songs of innocence 和 songs of experience, 这两本集子的contrast肯定要留意，另外blake的写作特点也要留意，比如语言的简洁明白，奇特主义氛围等。 37. robert burns宏大的苏格兰民族诗人, a red red rose, scots wha hae, auld lang syne等名诗，写作特点: scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and scottish people; plain language; influence from sco

28、ttish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems. 英国文学史及选读其次册练习题 i. 浪漫主义时期 i. each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. 1. english romanticism is generally said to have beg

29、un with_a_in 1798. a. the publication of lyrical ballads b. the death of sir scott c. the birth of william wordsworth d. the passage of the first reform bill in the parliament 2. the romantic period is first of all an age of_b_. a. novel b. poetry c. drama d. prose 3. romanticism does not emphasize_

30、d_. a. the special qualities of each individuals mind b. the inner world of the human spirit c. individuality d. the features that men have in common 4._b_ is not a romantic poet. a. william blakeb. sir scottc. p. b. shelleyd. lord byron 5. _c_ is a romantic novelist but is impressed with neo.classi

31、c strains. a. walter scott b. mary shelley c. jane austen d. ann radcliff 6. _c_ is not characteristic of william blakes writing. a. plain and direct languageb. compression of meaningc. supernatural quality d. symbolism 7. wordsworth published lyrical ballads in 1789 with _b_. a. byron b. coleridge

32、c. shelley d. keats 8. wordsworth thinks that _d_ is the only subject of literary interest. a. the life of rising bourgeoisie b. aristocratic life c. the life of the royal family d. common life 9. don juan is the masterpiece of_a_. a. lord byrons b. p. b. shelleysc. john keatss d. samuel coleridges

33、10. _a_ is not a novel written by jane austen. a. jane eyre b. sense and sensibilityc. pride and prejudice d. emma ii. complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook. 1. in essence, romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which t

34、ends to see the_.individual _as the very center of all life and all experience. 2. for the romantics, _ human life _ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter. 3. wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _ nature _.” 4. according to the subjects,

35、 wordsworths short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about _ human life _. 5. coleridges achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _.the demonic _ and the conversational. 6. as a leading romanticist, byrons chief contribution is his cr

36、eation of the “_ byronic hero _.” 7. “_ ode to the west wind _” is shelleys representative work. 8. _ the odes _ are generally regarded as keatss most important and mature work. 9. “beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in keatss “_ ode on a grecian urn _.” 10. _ pride and prejudice _is th

37、e most delightful of jane austens work. iii. decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets. ( t )1. the romantic period is also a great age of prose. ( t )2. romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the

38、advocates of classical rules. ( f )3. coleridge has been rewarded as poet laureate. ( f)4. keats is one of the “lake poets.” ( f )5. jane austen is a typical romantic writer. iv. name the author of each of the following literary work. 1. “the rime of the ancient mariner” coleridge 2. songs of innoce

39、nceblake 3. “ode to a nightingale”keats 4. “a song: men of england”shelley 5. the preludewordsworth v. define the literary terms listed below 1. romanticism romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, be

40、ginning as a revolt against classicism. there have been many varieties of romanticism in manydifferent times and places. the leading features of romantic movements are wordsworth, shelley, etc. 2. ode ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or

41、 serious subject. odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event. vi. for each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it. 1.be thr

42、ough my lips to unawakened earth. the trumpet of a prophecy! o, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? 1. it is taken from shelleys ode to the west wind. in this poem, shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. in t

43、hese last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future. 2. for oft, when on my couch i lie in vacant or in pensive mood, they flash upon that inward eye which is the bliss of solitude; and then my heart with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils. 2. it is taken from wordsworths

44、 “i wandered lonely as a cloud.” the poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. he expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem . ii.维多利亚时期 i. each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. choose the one that

45、would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1. the victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of queen victoria in_b_. a. 1835 b. 1836 c. 1837 d. 1838 2. the critical realists like charles dickens in the victorian period wrote novels_d_. a. representing the 18th cent

46、ury realist novel b. criticizing the society c. defending the mass e. all the above 3. _d_is not a victoria novelist. a. charles dickensb. george eliot c. william makepeace thackerayd. d. h. lawrence 4. _c_ is not a work by charles dickens. a. oliver twist b. david copperfieldc. middlemarchd. a tale

47、 of two cities 5. wuthering heights is a masterpiece written by_b_. a. charlotte bronteb. emily bront c. anne bronted. branwell bronte 6. _a_ is not thomas hardys work. a. the mill on the floss c. jude the obscured. the mayor of casterbridge 7. “my last duchess” is _a_. a. a dramatic monologueb. a s

48、hort lyricc. a noveld. an essay8. tennysons “ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_b_. a. homers odesseyb. joyces ulysses c. dante d. greek mythology 9. in the 19th century english literature, a new literary trend _d_ appeared. and it flourished in the 1840s and in

49、 the early 1950s. a. romanticism b. naturalism c. realism d. critical realism 10. the title of the novel vanity fair was taken from_a_. a. the pilgrims progress b. childe harolds pilgrimagec. gullivers travelsd. the canterbury tales ii. complete each of the following statements with a proper word or

50、 a phrase according to the textbook 1. the aestheticists such as oscar wilde in the victorian period advocated the theory of “_ art for arts sake _.” 2. in the victorian period, _ the novel _became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. 3. charles

51、dickens is one of the greatest _ critical realist _ writers of the victorian age. 4. tennysons poem “_ break, break, break _” is in memory of his bosom friend arthur hallam. 5. robert browning is famous for his _ dramatic monologue _. 6. george eliots _ middlemarch _ is one of the most mature works

52、in english literature. 7. tennysons famous dramatic monologue based on the story in greek mythology is “_ ulysses _.” 8. _ oliver twist _ is dickens first child hero. 9. jane eyre represents those_ middle _.class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as

53、a human being. 10. the most important poet of the victorian age was_ tennyson_. next to him were robert browning and his wife. iii. decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets. ( t )1. the victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the

54、 most glorious in the english history. ( f )2. tennyson is famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of “art for arts sake.” ( f )3. wuthering heights is the masterpiece of charlotte brontes. ( f ) 4. brownings “meeting at night” and “parting at morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue. ( t

55、)5. naturalism has played an important part in thomas hardys work. iv. name the author of each of the following literary works. 1. the posthumous papers of the pickwick club charles dickens 2. the tenant of wildfell hall anne bronte 3. in memoriam alfred tennyson 4. the mill on the floss george elio

56、t 5. the return of the nativethomas hardy v. define the literary terms listed below. 1. dramatic monologue dramatic monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. the occasion is usually a crucial one in the speak

57、ers personality as well as the incident that is the subjects of the poem. an example of a dramatic monologue is “my last duchess” by robert browning. 2. critical realism critical realism is a literary movement in the 19th century. it sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass. the representative figures are dickens, th