中考英语阅读必备15页

1、 中考阅读理解必备中考阅读理解考察分析： 长沙地区中考主要分客观单选和主观回答问题两大板块，客观单选以细节题为主（考察学生文中找答案的能力），同时考察少量的推理判断题和主旨题。回答问题同样是考察学生找答案的能力，不太需要学生自己组织语言，但要注意句子的时态和句子的基本结构，主要是谓语的时态和主谓一致。中考阅读理解出题特点和注意事项：1. 题目一般遵循文章段落的先后顺序排列。2. 先阅读题目和选项，找出题干和选项中的关键词并作出记号：包括重点的名词、形容词、动词和否定词。同时对选项中的不同点进行标注。3. 带着关键词阅读文章，在关键词处重点阅读。英语阅读题型和解决方案： 主旨大意题： 主旨大意题

2、主要是考察学生对文章的中心思想的把控和提炼，属于考察难度较大的一种题型，但在中考中一般只考察1-2题，具体特点和解决方法如下：1、 常见题干提问方式：1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. What does this passage mainly talk about?3. From the passage/ paragraph we can learn that.4. The best title for this passage is.5. The writer want to tell us that.6. The passage/par

3、agraph is mainly about.7. The main purpose is to. 二、解题方法：干扰选项的特点： 伤心绝对：常见表否定的词有：never, not, useless, hardly, seldom, little, few, no, none, nobody, nothing等；表绝对肯定的词有：all, must, always, 最高级。 片面武断：把文中某段的观点或者细节作为选项。 无中生有：文章中有提到选项中的某个词，但是没有文中没有阐述选项中的观点。如： 正确选项的特点：具有一定的总结性，看上去有点深奥，另外文章的标题正确选项常会在文章中多次提及,而

4、错误选项只会在某段出现。 阅读重点：阅读时注意文章的首段和尾段，以及各段的首句所包含的信息。 细节判断题细节判断题：细节判断题是中考考察重点，至少占80%的题量，主要考察学生对文章某些细节的把握，或以原文出现，或对文中细节进行同义或近意修改。做题步骤：一“定”，定题干和选项中的关键词，主要是实词，包括名词、动词和形容词。 二“比”，比较选项中的不同点，并作出标记，注意选项中的否定词。 三“选”，读文章，根据关键词和选项的不同点进行正确选择，注意数字题，一般要求学生进行简单计算。细节题考察主要包括一般细节题（when, why, how, what等）、正误判断（which is true/ri

5、ght/ not true) 以及（.except)题。 干扰选项的特点：（1）“张冠李戴”，把A做的事按在B头上。（2）“无中生有”,文中没提及，但容易让学生根据常识想当然。（3）“答非所问”，文中有原文，但是不是问题所涉及的答案。（4）“偷换概念”，与文中的细节相反或者把修改细节的某个点。故做题时请注意一定要立足于文章，可适当结合常识，不要想当然，细心就能解决问题。正误判断题考察一般涉及到整篇文章中的各种细节，所以先看选项作出关键词的标注尤为重要，读文章时看到关键词出现即做好记号，为最后做题做好准备，可避免需要重复看文章而浪费时间。 词义猜测题： 词义猜测题是考察学生对文中的某个词或句子意

6、思的猜测，一般考察1-2题，主要是上下文的分析能力，其答案的线索通常在本句或前后1-2句中出现，需要学生自己分析，我们应该分析什么呢？注意事项和解决方法如下： 一、代词的解决方法：首先看清代词的单复数，如”it”,”they”等，代词指代的一定是前文出现过的人或事，是单数就看前文的单数名词，复数则看前文中的复数名词。如：（2014连云港）Besides, every holiday Katherine makes something called “net gift certificate” with the help of her friends and brothers. On each

7、l0-dollar certificate there is a message. It explains that a bed net would be sent to Africa. When more certificate orders come, Katherine gets help from students in her school.2. In Paragraph 4, “It” refers to “_”.A. a 10-dollar note B. a gift certificate C. an organization D. a message(2014滨州) In

8、the past, children were taught their parents wishes and look after them in their old age. 3. In the forth paragraph, the underlined word “them” refers to (指的是) _. A. modern parents B. the five fathers on the show C. the parents in the past D. the children in the old days（2014广州）First I had to get th

9、e kids to sleep. That was never easy at any time and tonight it was even more difficult. The eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early. I told him 10:30 pm was not early. As usual, I read them a bed time story, but I had to stop myself reading too quickly or they would learn my secret.2.

10、 The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refers to _. A. thieves B. parentsC. childrenD. neighbours二、形容词和副词的解决方法：形容词和副词一般是描述人或物的性质，看清形容词或副词所形容的对象，所以重点放在前后句中主语发出的动作和行为，同时周边的形容词和副词也要注意。如:(2014河北）Children do not have much experience or knowledge. However, they are natural dreamers. We should not laug

11、h at them for being naive. Many great men were dreamers when they were children. One such dreamer was Thomas Edison. He used to be ostracized (排斥) when he was in primary school, but his achievements were greater than everyone elses in his time. 4. The underlined word “naive” in the passage means “_”

12、 in Chinese. A. 逆反的B. 幼稚的C. 调皮的D. 冲动的(2014广州)Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals. John was a six-year-old mute. He had no physical problems. He just refused to talk. 2. The underlined word “mute” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “_”.A. a person who speaks slowlyB. a person who d

13、oes not speakC. a person who cannot hearD. a person who enjoys talking(2014泰安）The woman in the house, my fathers distant cousin, was a terrible cook and her food was inedible.2. The underlined word “inedible” is closest in meaning to “_”. A. too bad for him to eat B. nice to look at C. not enough to

14、 eat D. as delicious as usual（2014泰安)Harish Chaturvedi, a lawyer, teaches people yoga for freeeven the poor people can learn from him.3. The underlined phrase “for free” in the passage means _.A. 快乐地 B. 自由地 C. 免费地 D. 规律地三、名词的解决方法：首先注意文中的连词，and和or 并列的词可以是意思想同的也可能是相对的，but，however一定是表示相对的。 关注前后句的名词和动词(

15、短语).如：(2014达州）Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. 4. The underlined word migration in the passage means _. A. 迁徙 B. 习性 C.

16、运动 D. 寻觅（2014湖北咸宁）A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dreamthrough homemade food, it tells the joys and sorrows of common Chinese in changing times, according to director Chen Xiaoqing of the documentary series. 4. What does the underlined word “sorrows” mean in Chinese?A. 故事 B. 伤害 C. 快乐 D. 悲伤(2014扬州）

17、In her diary, Anne wrote down her thoughts, her feelings, her hopes and her dreams for the future, “I want the diary to be my friend, and Im going to call this friend Kitty.”2. According to the passage, “Kitty” is _. A. her diaryB. her elder sister C. her motherD. her hiding place(2014南京)Destruction

18、 of the worlds rain forests is a serious problem. Unluckily, rain forests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute! 3. The word “Destruction” in paragraph 2 probably means “the process of being _.” A. destroyed B. developed C. described D. discovered.(2014兰州) For example, sunglasses are not

19、 just fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays. 4. What do the under words “UV rays” mean?A. 沙土 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波(2014长沙)Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done.“Never be afraid of any d

20、ifficulty”, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.3. What does the underlined word “hardships” mean in this passage? A. 成就B. 贫穷C. 困难（2014滨州)I ran quickly to my house to call 119, and then I rang my neighbors doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no response. 1. The underlined word “re

21、sponse” can be replaced (代替) by _. A. result B. answer C. question D. key（2014菏泽)Anybody can grow older. That doesnt need any talent or ability. To grow up, you must always find the opportunity in change. 3. The underlined word “talent” in the third paragraph means “_” in Chinese. A. 训练 B. 方法 C. 途径

22、D. 才能四、动词的解决方法：考察动词意思时，首先要高清动作的发出者和承受着，然后主要通过前后句中的动词(短语）和名词来进行判断。如：（2014扬州)Andy pulled out her phone to contact her husband, Jason, but he didnt respond. She knew that if she didnt carry the dog down the mountain, he would die.2. What does the underlined word “respond”, in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Pull.

23、B. Contact.C. Speak.D. Answer.（2014鄂州)He was so successful that his arm started to recover its normal color. When the grey had disappeared completely, he started feeling happy again, 2. The underlined word recover means “_” in Chinese. A. 转变 B. 进化 C. 变异 D. 恢复(2014北京)Teens would like to spend more ti

24、me doing things with their parents, but watching TV is not counted as spending time together. As your teens mature, it is important for you and your teens spend time alone together, one to one.2. The underline part “counted as” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_”.A. compared with B. used as C. connect

25、ed with D. regarded as(2014山西)After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water. 1. The underlined word “assumes” here probably means “_”. A. thinks B. r

26、emembers C. disagrees D. follows(2014重庆)In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well.3. The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “_”. A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 维持

27、D. 翻番(2014河南)A single teacher would typically (典型地) have students in the first through eighth grades, and she taught them all. The number of students varied from six to 40 or more. The youngest children sat in the front, while the oldest students sat in the back. The teacher usually taught reading,

28、writing, arithmetic, history, and geography. Students memorized (记忆) and retold their lessons.1. What does the word “varied” in the Paragraph Two mean in Chinese?A. 变化 B. 排列 C. 调整 D. 减少 推理判断题： 推理判断题是细节和主旨两种题型的一种综合体，难度最大，故考察量很小，常只考察一题，主要结合上述两种题型的特点和解决办法。其特点和注意事项如下：1、 常见题干提问方式：（主要包括infer推断, imply暗示，le

29、arn from了解到） 1. It can be inferred from the passage that. 2. From the passage, we can infer (推断) _. 3. What can we learn from the passage? 4. We can learn about from this passage. 5. The passage implies that. 6. 作者的态度和文章的出处 干扰选项的特点：1. 偷换概念：选项中的观点与文中的相反。2. 无中生有：文中有提及选项中的某个词，但观点却脱离文章，想当然。3. 过于细节：文中能找到

30、的原句不会是正确答案。做此类题时先阅读选项定关键词和判断正误题一样重要，回原文定位时省时省力。 （附2015长沙中考卷阅读分析） 2015年长沙中考阅读分析第一节阅读理解阅读下列图表，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答或完成句子。A难度：English Teachers WantedDear Sir/Madam,Our school set up in 2012 is a high school. Now there is an urgent(迫切的) need for English teachers. We have posted(发布) our advertisement

31、 on our website. You can visithttp:/www.wenhuaschool. com or call Alex at 845-6789 for more information. If you are interested, please send your resume(简历) to us, and we will reply as soon as possible.You should:love teachingspeak fluent (流利的) Englishbe good at computer skillshave good communication

32、 skills41. How can you get more information about the advertisement?A. By visiting the website of Wenhua school.B. By calling Mike at 845-6789. (张冠李戴） C. By sending your resume to the school. (答非所问)42. Which of the following is not required according to the advertisement? A. Good computer skills. B.

33、 Good communication skills. C. At least three-year teaching experience. (无中生有) B难度：Missing since:June 3,2015Produce :young(2 years old), curly hair, shyLast seen:Wuyi SquarePlease contact(联系)：Sarah 839-6722sarahcsPlease do not run after the dog. It may run in fear.Lost and found items(物件)will be dis

34、played(陈列)in the school hall.On Friday , June 15, 2015During lunch 12:30-1:30Parents: If you know that your child has lost something , please remind(提醒)him or her.You are also welcome to have a look.43.What is Poodle like?A. Its brave(无中生有)B. Its lovely(无中生有)C. Its shy44.From the chart(图表)above , we

35、 know that_.A. Poodle was lost two years ago (偷换概念）B. we can call Sarah or email her if we find PoodleC. parents are not allowed to look at the display on June 15,2015 (偷换概念）45. How long will the display last? (需要计算）A. Half an hourB. An hourC. Two hours第二节 短文理解 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成

36、句子。（共15小题，计30分）A难度：China is a nation of etiquette(礼仪). Chinese people are among the mosthospitablepeople in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.When you visit a Chinese family, the host usually makes tea for you. Th

37、en he will serve you snacks(小吃) like biscuits or candy. Someone in the family will also chat with you, never letting you feel lonely.At the same time, other family members will prepare a meal for you. Chinese people treat (款待) their guests with a big meal. They always present more food than the gues

38、t can eat. On the table, the guests must be the first to eat. Perhaps one of the things that surprises a western guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for visitors, which wont happen at western tables. The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home. As you are done

39、eating, the host usually says,”It seems that you didnt eat much. Please have more.” Although you tell them you are full, they still put more food in your bowl.Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition. As Confucius (孔子) said thousands of years ago:To

40、meet friends from afterHow happy we are!46. What does the underline word“hospitable”mean in this passage.A.好客的B.勤劳的C.朴实的47. As a guest in a Chinese family, you are usually offered_ by the host. A. coffee and snacks(无中生有）B. juice and snacks(无中生有） C. tea and snacks48. Why does a western visitor feel s

41、urprised when the host picks food for him?A. Because he thinks its not polite. (无中生有）B. Because he thinks its not necessary.(无中生有）C. Because it wont happen in western countries.49. What the Chinese family do for the guests is to_.A. make them feel at home (无中生有）B. show their wealth C. make them feel

42、 uncomfortable. (偷换概念)（词义猜测）50. Whats the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end of the passage?A.学而时习之，不亦悦乎？B有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？C人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？B难度：Li Ting,15,from Shanghai, was preparing a talk on some western festivals. She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations(展示

43、).Wu Qiong，her classmate, was doing his chemistry homework carefully. But he couldnt work out the last problem even he tried his best. So he took out his mobile phone, opened a special app(应用软件)，and searched the problem. Answers soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.Nowadays,many students d

44、o homework online with the help of the Internet like Li and Wu.They search information online, use apps or discuss through QQ and Wechat.“Its convenient.You dont have to wait for your teacher to explainit to you face to face.”According to Wu.” You can also learn by seeing how others work them out. W

45、hats more, it improves students abilities. And its especially true for new kinds of homework. I am quite skilled at finding information online and using Microsoft Office.”However, this trend（趋势）also causes problems. Some lazy students just copy the answers online without thinking. Even some ask thei

46、r classmates to do homework for them. And their teachers dont know the fact.Anyhow, knowing how to use the Internet is important. The key is to have good self-control. When you come across(遇到) a difficult problem, think about it by yourself first. Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers

47、 after you have turned to the Internet, or you wont make progress. If you are not sure about your self-control, ask your parents for help.51. Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet to _ A. play games(无中生有)B. search informationC. take exams(无中生有)(主旨题）52. Paragraph 4 is mainly about_of doing home

48、work with the help of the Internet.A. the advantagesB. the disadvantagesC. the problems (无中生有）53. Which problem is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. some students only copy the answers online.B. some cheat their teachers by asking their classmates to do homework for them. C. Nobody is able to finish t

49、heir homework now without the Internet. (无中生有）54. _ is the key to using the Internet to study. A. Self-respect(无中生有)B. Self-controlC. Self-development(无中生有)55. In this passage the writer wants to tell us that _. A. the Internet can be a good helper if we use it properly. B. the Internet has made all

50、 the students lazy. (伤心绝对) C. its not necessary to learn to use the Internet. (伤心绝对)C难度：Have you ever heard of e-waste(electric waste,电子垃圾), which can be produced every day? How do you deal with your computers, MP4 players and mobile phones when theyre broken or you want a new one?Most people just throw them away. With the development of electric industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. According to the United Nations, in 2014, people around the world produced