中考英语代词详解及练习

1、9代词:代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。第一节 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称 单数第二人称单 数第三人称单 数第人 称复 数第人 称复 数第三人称 复数阳 性阴 性中 性主格i（我）you（你）he（他）she（她）it（它）we（我 们）you（你 们）they （他们,她们，它们）宾格me（我）you（你）him（他）her（她）it（她）us（我 们）you（你 们）them （他们,她们， 它们）go shopping on sund

2、ays.（星期天我常去购物 ）（1）、主格用来作句子的主语、表语o如：i oftenthat s就那么回事）（2）、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:who teaches you english this year?we often write letters to her.（我们常给他写信）（）（3）、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。如：-who is it?（是谁？ ） it s i/ileb（o ）（4）、三个不同人称同时出现，或者主语中包含我”时，按照“youhli”的顺序表达。如:both he a

3、nd i are working at that computer company我和他都在那家电脑公司上班）-who will go there?（谁要去那儿？ ） -you and me.（你和我）（5）、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示 时间、天气、温度、距离、情况 含义,此外还可以作非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从 句。如：-what s the weather like today?今天天气怎样？）一it s方渡气晴好）/-what s the time?（点啦？）-it s 00.（12 点）/2、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形

4、容词性和名词性两种。第一人称 单数第二人称单 数第三人称单 数人称 复 数第二 人称 复数第三人称复 数阳 性阴 性中 性形myyourhisheritsouryourtheir （他们的，她容（我（你的）（他（她（它（我们（你们的，它们的）词的）的）的）的）的）们性的）名minyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（他们的，她词e（你的）（他（她（她（我们（你们的，它们的）性（我的）的）的）的）们的）的）（1卜形容词性物主代词 只能作句子中名词的修饰语 ，后面要跟名词。如:is that your umbrella?（那是你的伞吗？）i often go to see

5、my aunt on sundays我经常在星期天去看望阿姨）（2）、名词性物主代词相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主 语、宾语或者表语，后面千万不可以跟名词。如：this is your cup,but where is mine?（这是你的杯子，可我的在哪儿？）/your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.（你们的教室很大，我们的相当小）（3）、 “ of +名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格，作定语时放在名词的后面。如：a friend of mine came to see me yesterday.（

6、我的一个朋友昨天来看我了）（指若干朋友中有一个来看我。）试比较my friend came to see me yesterday.（我的朋友昨天来看我了 ）（指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。）3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单 数第 三 人 称 单数第一人 称复数第二人 称复数第三人称 复数阳 性阴 性中 性mys elf（我 自 己）yourse lf（你自 己）himsel f（他自 己）hersel f（她自 己）itself（它自己）ourselve s（我们自 己）yourselv es（你们自 己）themselv es （他

7、们/ 她们/它 们自己）（1）、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射 （指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身）。如:don t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.（不要玩刀子，那会割伤你的）4.指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事 物。单数复数含义this（这个）these（这些）指较近的人和物that（那个）those（那 些）指较远的人和物指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。如:what s this?（是什么？ ） /that model plane is made of plas

8、tic.（那只模型飞机是塑料做的）（被动句）/remember never to do such things.（记得永远不要做这样的事情）/do the same as the teacher tells you.（按老师说的做）/-who is it?（是谁? ）-it s me!战!）(1) . 为避免重复.可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词 。如：the playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. （that=the playground）my seat is next to that of

9、 the mayor. （that=mayor s sea俄的座位在市长座位旁边。(2) .用来回指|文|提到的事情时,可用 this或that,但是若要指下文|叙述的事情,通常要 用this。如：she is a beautiful girl.who said that?i want to know this: is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗 ？(3) .在打电话时通常用this指自己，用that指对方：hello. this is jim. is that john? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗(4)除用作代词外，this和that还可用作 丽1,用以修饰形容词或

10、副词，意为这么、那么，相当于sd如：ive done only that much.我所做的就这么多。is he always this busy?他总这么忙吗?练习：一、用适当的人称代词填空：1.is my aunt. we often visit. ( she )2. china is a developing country.is in the east of asia. ( its )3. what day is today? is thursday. (its)5. i own a blue bike. the red one i sn . ( i )二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物

11、主代词填空1. i ate all sandwiches yesterday.( i ) can i have one of? ( you )2. george has lost( his ) pen. ask mary if (是否)she will lend him. ( she )3. .jack has a dog and so have i.(he)dog and( i ) had a fight (打架).4. the teacher wants you to return that book of( he )5. mr. and mrs. green and a friend o

12、f are coming to see us. ( they )6. we are going to paris to stay with a french friend of. (we )7. this isn t knife.is green. ( she )8. these are your books kate.put in the desk, please.(they )9. must look after things. ( you )10. wei fang, is that ruler? yes, it s.( you )三.从括号内选择正确的代词填空1. your footb

13、all clothes are on the desk.please put(they, them, their, theirs) away.2. (we, us, our, ours)english teacher is mrs. green.we all like(she , her, hers).3. (i, me , my , mine) can get my kite.could you help(i , me, my, mine)?4. tom can get down from the tree.can you help(he , him , his)?5. we can fin

14、d our bikes.can you help(we, us, our, ours)?6. these are(he, him , his) planes.the white ones are(i , me, mine).反身代词：7. )1.those girls enjoyed in the party last night.a.them b. they c. themselves d. herself8. )2.help to some fish, children.a. yourself b. your c. yours d. yourselves9. )3.the film is

15、very fun.a. it b. itself c. it d. its( )4 who teaches math? t teach.a. your, my self b. you, myself c. you, me d. you, herself( )5.the father will make a bike.a. her, himself b. she, himself c. her, herself d. she, herself 6.指示代词：()1 whos that at the door?is the postman.a. she b. this c. it d. he()2

16、 -whos that in the picture?a. its me b. thats i c. this is a boy d. its i()3 -look, who is coming? -must be our english teacher.a. she b. he c. it d. this()4 someone is knocking at the door, but who can be?a. one b. he c. she d. it5、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。(1)、who、whom、whose what、which、whoever、whatever

17、、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首。口语中也常用 who代替 whom作宾语，但在介词后则只能用whom。如：who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?( 你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？)what does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了 想干什么?)(2)、who和whom只能独立使用，其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语.who is that man?(那男的是谁？)what colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什

18、么颜色？)which car was made in germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句)(3)、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外 ，还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：练习()1 is the best season of the year?a. when b. what c. which d. what time()2 -is your sister?-she is a nurse.a. what b. which c. how d. who()3 -colour are your new shoes?-they are brown.a.

19、any b. whose c. which d. what()4 -is your classmate john like?-hes very tall.a. how b. what c. who d. which()5.has happened and did it?a. who; who b. what; who c. what; what d. who; what()6. who waiting outside? please ask them to come in.a. is b. has c. have d. are()7. -is that man over there?-hes

20、mr green.a. what b. which c. how d. who()8. -is the boy standing there?-he is my brother.a. which b. what c. how d. who()9. who the little american boy over there?a. were b. are c. is d.1 am()10. who these tall men?a. is b. am c. are d. was6、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词单数含义someno/each everyoneeither,

21、neithersothe other, another复合 不定代 词不可 数含义anynonemuchlittle, a littleall/复数含义manyfew, a fewonesbothothers,the others注：复合不定代词有12个：something（某事）,someone（某人）,somebody（某人）,anything（任何事）, anyone（任何人）,anybody（任何人）,nothing（没事）,nobody（没有人）,no one（没有人）,everything（ 切）,everyone（每个人）,everybody（每个人）.（1）some和any的用

22、法：some一般用于肯定句中，意思是 几个“、些“、某个“作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可 数名词。如i have some work to do today.（今天我有些事情要做 ）/they will go there some day.（他们有朝一日会去那儿 ）some用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：would you like some coffee with sugar?（你要加糖的咖啡吗？）any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，意思是任何一些”、任何一个”作定语时可修饰可数或 不可数名，如： they didn t have any friends here.（他们在这

23、里没有朋友）/have you got any questions to ask?（你有问题要问吗？ ）any用于肯定句时 意思是 任何的。come here with any friend .（随便带什么朋友来吧。）（2）no和none的用法:no是形容词，只能作定语表示，意思是没有”修饰可数名词（单数或复数）或不可数名词。如:there is no time left. please hurry up.（没有时间了，请快点）/they had no reading books to lend.（他们没有阅读用书可以出借）none只能独立使用，在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语，意思是 没有一个人

24、（或事物）”表示复数或单数。如：none of them is/are in the classroom.（他们当中没有一个在教室里）/i have many books, but none is interesting我有很多的书，但没有一本是有趣的 ）（3）all和both的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both指两个人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：i know all of the four british students in their school.(他们学校里四

25、个英国学生我全认识)/-would you like this one or that one? both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)(4)every 和 each 用法：every是形容词，只能作定语修饰单数名词，意思是 每一个”表示整体概念；each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等，意思是 每个”或者 各个”表示单个概念; each可以放在名词前，可以后跟of短语，与动词同时出现时要放在“b劭词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前(5)either 和 neither 的用法：either意思是 两个中间的任何一个；neither是either的否定形式，意思是 两个都不

26、。neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等，都用作单数。如：i don t care much for what to drink. either of the two will do.-will you go there by bus or by car? -neither. i will go there by train.(6)other、the other 和 another 的用法：(7)many和 much的用法：many意思是 很多”与可数名词复数连用；much意思是 很多”与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：i don t have man

27、y friends he在笆里我没有很多的朋友 )many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失)we can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)(8)few、little、a few、a little 的用法:(9)复合不定代词 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由 some , any ,no ,every,加上body, thing构成的，叫做复合不定代词，在句子中当单数使用。somebody,

28、something, someone一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语，应放在它们的后面。如： hey,lily. there is someone outside the door.did you meet anyone when you came to school last sunday?(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物，前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、 which 等。如：which jacket would you like, this one or that on

29、e?(你要哪件夹克，这件还是那件？i don t like the green ones.汴喜欢绿色的那些 )(11) so可以代替一件事情，作句子的宾语或表语。i don t think so.认为不是这样的。)/he lost a book. so did i.(他丢失了一本书，我也是。)(12)a lot of、 lots of、 a number of( /large numbers of)、 a great deal of、 plenty of 的区别:五个 名词+介词”短语都表示 大量，许多”，a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，可

30、以相应地换为much 和 many;plenty of足够、大量”既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为 some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。(13)none、 no one、 nobody 的区另kno one和nobody都表示 没有人”仅指人，后面不跟of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示没有一个人/物”可指人也可以

31、指物，后面可跟of短语，作主语时谓语可用单数也 可用复数。如：no one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)/nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.( 昨天没有个人交作文。)/none of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one another是相互代词，译成 互相”可以通用。each other表示两者之间，而one

32、 anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other s ,one another: swe must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。)they sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿，互相都不说话。)21( )1 listen to me. i have to tell you.a. anything new b. something new c. new something d. nothing new( )2 by

33、the way, is there in todays newspaper?a. something new b. anything new c. new something d. new anything( )3 please be quiet. i have to tell you.a. important something b. nothing importantc. important anything d. something important( )4 im not busy. i havent to do.a. something b. everything c. nothin

34、g d. anything( )5 has happened, i want you to tell me about it.a. something b. everything c. anything d. nothing22( )1 yesterday morning boy broke into the garden.a. any b. some c. many d. much( )2 twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.a. each b. some c. no one d. neither( )3 now

35、i have questions. lets go to ask our teacher.a. any b. much c. some d. a lot23( )1 if you like these apples, you can take.a. any b. a lot c. that . d. this( )2 i will do for my motherland.a. anything b. many c. much d. something()3 -did they find in the park?-no, they found there.a. anybody; nobody

36、b. somebody; everybodyc. anybody; somebody d. everybody; anybody( )1 i dont know of these people, for they are new workers.a. any b. some c. one d. much( )2 he didnt take one. they are all here.a. many b. any c. a little d. that()3 1 havent read of the books.a few of the books are too difficult for

37、me to read. a. any b. some c. two d. both 全章巩固基础题：i.you may come to my house this week next week.a .neither; or b .from ; to c .either ;or d. either; nor2.1 don t think we can do it all.a. by ourselvesb. by myself c. by ourself d .by yourselves1.1 don t want this shirt. please show mea .othersb .the

38、 others c .anotherd .the other1.2 can eptair the model ship. can you help?a .me; meb. myself ;myself c .myself ;med. me ; myself5 .does your brother often wash clothes?a. heb .himselfc. herselfd .him6 . we study chinese,english ,maths and some subjects.a .the otherb. onec .otherd .another6.1 have tw

39、o sisters .of them are doctors.a. bothb. allc .eitherd. neither8 .the book on the shelf is.she wrote name on its cover .a .hers ; her ;herself b. her; hers; herself c. herself; her; hers d .her; herself; herself9 . don t worry . there s much wrong with you. said the doctor.a. nothingb .everything c. something d .very10 .these shoes are too small. you may buy some shoes .a .