国际会计准则---农业（The international accounting standards - agriculture）

1、国际会计准则-农业（The international accounting standards - agriculture）The international accounting standards - agricultureThe International Accounting Standards No. forty-first issued in 2003objectiveThe purpose of this guideline is to accounting, financial statements and disclosure of agricultural activit

2、ies.Range1. when the following matters relating to agricultural activities, this standard applies to the accounting treatment:(1) biological assets(2) during the harvest of agricultural products(3) 34-45 segment relates to government subsidies this criterion2. this standard does not apply to:(1) rel

3、ated to agricultural activities of the land (see the International Accounting Standards No. sixteenth, property, plant and equipment and International Accounting Standards No. 11 on real estate investment).(2) related to agricultural activities of intangible assets (see IAS thirty-eighth intangible

4、assets).3. this standard applies only to harvest as biological assets of enterprises of agricultural products in the harvest time point after the application of accounting, inventory and other international accounting standards. Therefore, this criterion is not involved in the post harvest processin

5、g of agricultural products, such as planting grape wine grape business will be processed into Wine. Although this may be the extension of the agricultural processing activities of natural and logical, and may be associated with biological transformation are similar, but this process does not include

6、 the definition mentioned in the standards of agricultural activities.4. the table below shows the biological assets, processing of agricultural products, post harvest processing of the product example:Biological assets and agricultural products after harvest and processing productsSheep wool carpet

7、Artificial forest in the forest wood logsThe cotton crop stems and fruit sugar cotton clothesThe cow milk.Pig slaughtered pig smoked ham sausageTea smoked tobacco stems and leaves of shrubsWine fresh grape vineFruit picking fruit processed fruitsAbout the definition of agriculture - Definition5. the

8、 following terms used in this standard, which means:Agricultural activities, refers to the enterprise of biological assets into the sale of biological assets and agricultural products or other biological assets biotransformation process management. Agricultural products, refers to the biological ass

9、ets harvest goods.Biological assets refers to animal or plant life.Biological transformation, leading to the quality or quantity of biological assets changes in growth, metamorphosis, production and reproduction process.Biological assets cluster, refers to the combination of similar animal or plant.

10、The harvest, in which agricultural products are separated from the biological assets, the end of the growth process or the biological assets.6. agricultural activities include a variety of activities. For example, livestock breeding, forestry, annual or perennial bio harvest, fruit cultivation, flow

11、er planting, aquaculture (including fish). There are various agricultural activities are common:(1) the transformation ability. Animal and plant capable of biotransformation.(2) the transformation of management. By increasing or at least stable transformation must occur, management can contribute to

12、 the biological transformation (such as temperature, humidity, nutrition, soil fertility and Guang Zhao). This management agricultural activities and other activities to distinguish. For example, without management of the resources in the harvest (such as harvesting of Marine Fisheries and forests)

13、and not agricultural activities.(3) the transformation of measurement. The quality of biological transformation brought by (genetic value, density, maturity, fat layer, fiber strength) and the number of changes (fruit weight, cubic meters, fiber length or diameter) of metering and monitoring become

14、the daily functions of management.7. biotransformation produces the following results:(1) changes through the following ways: (1) the number of asset growth or an increase in plant animal domain to improve the quality; (2) degeneration) degradation of animal or plant or reduce the number of quality)

15、;3) (animal or plant breeding to produce new).(2) to produce agricultural products, such as rubber paste, tea, milk, wool etc.Definition - General definitionsThe following terms are used in the 8. criterion, which means:The active market, that has all the following conditions of market:(1) the marke

16、t goods are homogeneous;(2) any time can find buyers and sellers voluntary;(3) the price of public information.The book value of assets, which confirm the value in the balance sheet.Fair value refers to the familiar with the situation even bargain, willing parties for the exchange of assets or the a

17、mount of debt repayment.Government subsidies, as defined in the International Accounting Standards No. twentieth, accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance.9. the fair value of the assets depends on its current location and condition. So, for example, the fair value of

18、 a livestock in a pasture for similar animals in the relevant market price minus the cattle ranch to market the freight and other charges.Recognition and measurement10. enterprises can only confirm the biological assets under the following circumstances:(1) because of past transactions as a result o

19、f the corporate control of the asset;(2) associated with the assets economic benefits are likely to flow into the enterprise;(3) the fair value of the asset or the cost can be measured reliably.11. in the agricultural activities, can be controlled by the following evidence shows that the legal owner

20、ship of livestock, livestock purchase, birth, weaning sign or stamp. The economic benefits in the future through the determination of physical important characteristics to estimate.12. in addition to the fair value of the criteria in paragraph thirtieth cannot be reliably measured in the initial sit

21、uation, and confirm each balance sheet date, biological assets shall be in accordance with its fair value minus the expected cost measurement to sales will occur.13. enterprises from the biological assets to harvest of agricultural products at the fair value minus the expected cost measurement to sa

22、les will occur. The measurement result is the cost of agricultural products for the International Accounting Standards No. second inventory or other international accounting standards.The 14. is expected to include the cost of sales will occur, paid to a broker and dealer fees, management mechanism

23、and commodity exchange fees, transaction tax and other taxes. It is expected to sell will cost does not include freight or other charges will be shipped to the asset market.15. the biological assets or agricultural products in accordance with the important characteristics (such as age, livestock, an

24、imal and plant growth or quality) groups can help identify the biological assets or the fair value of the agricultural products. Enterprises should be used as the feature selection and match based pricing in the market.16. companies often signed at a future time of biological assets and agricultural

25、 products sales contract. In determining the fair value, the contract price is not necessarily related to. Because the fair value reflects the current voluntary market buyers and sellers willing to deal. Therefore, the fair value of biological assets and agricultural products is not due to the exist

26、ence of a contract adjustment. In some cases, sales of biological assets and agricultural products contract may be a loss of the contract, the definition of this kind of contract to see the International Accounting Standards No. thirty-seventh - Preparation, contingent liabilities and contingent ass

27、ets. The International Accounting Standards No. thirty-seventh for loss of contract.17. if a biological asset or agricultural products there is an active market, the market price is decided the proper basis for the fair value of the assets. If the enterprise can enter different active market, enterp

28、rises should use the relevant market information. For example, if an enterprise can enter the two active market, it should use it ready to use the market price information.18. if the active market does not exist, the enterprise according to the situation, choose one or more of the following method o

29、f determining fair value:(1) in the absence of the balance sheet from trading day to day economic environment has undergone significant changes in the situation, for the recent market transaction price;(2) for similar assets adjusted by asset price difference;(3) the industry benchmark, as per the e

30、xport container (ecporttray), each bushels per hectare, said orchard value in kg meat said cattle prices.19. in some cases, the criteria listed in paragraph eighteenth of the sources of information may be different and fair will lead to biological assets or the value of agricultural product results.

31、 The enterprise should consider these differences, and in the reasonable estimation of a relatively narrow range, make the most reliable estimate of fair value.20. in some cases, unable to obtain biological assets or agricultural products in the existing conditions of market price or value. In these

32、 circumstances, the enterprises should make use of the expected cash flow net assets according to the current market of the pre tax rate determined after discounting of fair value.21. calculate the expected present value of net cash flow is to determine the location and the current conditions in the

33、 fair value of biological assets. Enterprises should use in determining the appropriate discount rate and estimate the expected cash flow should be considered for this purpose. Considering the existing conditions of biological assets, shall not be included in the future can increase the value of bio

34、logical assets of enterprises in the future activities and further biotransformation activities, such as enhanced biotransformation, harvest and sales activities of enterprises in the future.22. enterprises (determining fair value) should not be included because of the asset financing, taxes or post

35、 harvest plant new biological assets (e.g., reforestation forest after cutting costs) and the cash flow.23. in a even bargain price, familiar with the situation both sides consider the possibility of voluntary changes in cash flow. Because the fair value to reflect the possibility of such changes, s

36、o enterprises in determining the cash flow changes when considering the change rate of expected changes in cash flow and the discount, or a combination of some of the changes. In determining the discount rate, the enterprise should use the cash flow forecast assumptions and estimation of the same, i

37、n order to avoid the influence of certain assumptions is neglected or repeated calculation.24. sometimes the cost is roughly equal to its fair value. Especially when:(1) the cost from the initial planting occurred so far, almost no biological transformation (for example, in the balance sheet just da

38、ys before planting the seeds of fruit)(2) the expected biological transformation is not important impact on prices (growth in the first few years of pineapple for example, for a period of 30 years of production cycle).25. biological assets generally in the entity attached to the land (e.g., plantati

39、on trees). Therefore, there may be a set of asset market, but the attachment of biological assets on the land may not separate the active market. Such as biological assets, land and land reclamation to form a portfolio. The enterprise can use portfolio information to determine the fair value of biol

40、ogical assets, for example, to determine the fair value of biological assets from fair value minus the fair value of the assets set in the land and land reclamation.The confirmation and measurement of loss and gain26. of the initial biological assets at fair value minus the expected cost of sales wi

41、ll occur to confirm the gains or losses, and the balance of biological assets fair value minus the expected cost to sales will occur after the changes in the profit or loss should be included in net income at the period between.27. for determining fair value minus the expected to sales will occur wh

42、en the cost is expected to be subtracted from the sales expenses, so the initial recognition of biological assets may generate losses. So the initial recognition of a biological asset may also generate profits, such as livestock was born.28. agricultural products in accordance with the initial fair

43、value minus the expected cost of sales will occur to confirm the gains or losses that should be included in the net profit or loss occurred during the.29. because the harvest agricultural products and the initial confirmation may produce gains or losses.The confirmation and measurement of fair value

44、s cannot be measured reliablyThe 30. criterion is the fair value of biological assets that can be reliably measured. But,If you can not determine the biological asset market price or value, and other estimation methods of fair value clearly not mine, the hypothesis of stem initial recognition can no

45、t be established. In this case, the biological assets should be in accordance with its cost minus accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss measurement. The fair value of biological assets once can measurement, the enterprise should be in accordance with the fair value minus the expec

46、ted to the first pin will occur cost measurement.31. only in the initial recognition, the criterion in paragraph thirtieth is likely to set up. Once the enterprise uses the fair value minus the expected cost of measurement of biological assets to sales will occur, should continue using the method to

47、 dispose of the biological assets.32. in all cases, the enterprise shall be in accordance with the measurement of agricultural product cost is expected to harvest fair value minus the sales will occur. This standard is always fair value of agricultural products during the harvest can be reliably det

48、ermined.33. enterprises should be in accordance with the Enterprise Accounting Standards No. thirty-second inventory, International Accounting Standards No. sixteenth, property, plant and equipment and International Accounting Standards No. thirty-sixth - impairment of assets, determine the cost, ac

49、cumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.The recognition and measurement of government subsidies34. according to the biological assets cost minus the expected sales to the fair value measurement will occur, the government subsidies should be unconditional subsidies as receivables, re

50、venue.35. according to the biological assets cost minus the expected sales to the fair value measurement will occur, including the conditions of the government subsidy requirements: not to engage in certain agricultural activities) we should reach the requirement of the government subsidy, revenue.T

51、he conditions and duration of 36. different government subsidies. For example, a government subsidy may require the enterprises in a particular area 5 years of cultivation. If the farm is less than 5 years, the enterprise should return all government subsidies. In this case, the enterprise should no

52、t be over 5 years before the government grants are recognised as income in farming. If the government allows the enterprise in accordance with the cultivated time retain part of government subsidies, enterprises in time for the distribution of basic government grants are recognised as income.37. if

53、the biological assets in accordance with the cost minus accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses (see section thirtieth of this standard measure), government subsidies associated with the biological assets should be applied to the International Accounting Standards No. twentieth, a

54、ccounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance.38. if the biological assets in accordance with the cost of measuring fair value minus the expected to sales will occur, and the terms of government subsidies requires enterprises shall not engage in specific agricultural activi

55、ties, the standard accounting requirements and not a IAS plus. IAS plus applies only to those in accordance with cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss measurement of biological assets related to government subsidies.Presentation39. enterprises should be listed separately

56、 in the book value of biological assets in the balance sheet.Disclosure - General requirements40. enterprises should disclose the current from the stem initial recognition of gains and losses of biological assets and agricultural products, as well as the total amount of gains and losses minus the fa

57、ir value of biological assets is expected to produce changes in sales will be incurred.41. groups of enterprises to deal with the biological assets are illustrated.The forty-first section 42. criteria required disclosure can use text or quantitative description.43. this standard to encourage enterpr

58、ises to each biological assets to disclose the quantitative description method. If appropriate, at the time of disclosure to distinguish between consumptive biological assets and productive biological assets, biological assets or mature and immature biological assets. For example, the enterprise should disclose the packet carrying amount of consumptive biological assets and production of biological assets. The enterprise can be in the two groups according to mature biological asset