英语阅读理解篇 大副

1、Passage 01Passage 36为航海英语光盘题库无限航区大副所附的36篇阅读理解Passage 01Passage 50为航海英语大副考证精选习题大连2501题所附的50篇阅读理解Passage 51Passage 59为航海英语大副考证历届真题所附题库范围外的9篇阅读理解Passage 01Passage 36为航海英语光盘题库无限航区大副所附的36篇阅读理解Passage 01The objective of lashing the coils is to form one large，immovable block of units in the hold by lashing

2、 them togetherIn general，strip coils in three end rows in the top tier should be lashedTo prevent fore-and-aft shifting in the top tier of bare-wound coils group-lashing should not be applied due to their fragile nature；the end row of a top tier should be secured by dunnage and wires，which are to be

3、 tightened from side to side，and by additional wires to the bulkheadWhen coils are fully loaded over the entire bottom space and are well shored，no lashings are required except for locking coilsThe lashings can be of a conventional type using wire steel band or any equivalent meansConventional lashi

4、ngs should consist of wires having sufficient tensile strengthThe first tier should be chockedIt should be possible to re-tighten the lashings during the voyageWire lashings should be protected against damage from sharp edgesIf there are few coils，or a single coil only，they should be adequately secu

5、red to the ship，by placing them in cradles，by wedging，or by shoring and then lashing to prevent transverse and longitudinal movementThe locking coil is _Aa coil secured by shoringsBa coil placed in cradleCa coil used to secure other coilsDa coil secured by wedgingsCThe general objective of lashing c

6、oils is to prevent them from _Atransverse and longitudinal movementBrolling in the holdCvertical movementDfore-and-aft shiftingAWhen coils are fully loaded over tanktop and are well shored，_Athree end rows in the top tier should be lashedBno lashings are required except for locking coilsCthey should

7、 be secured to the ship by wedgingDthey should be placed in cradlesBIf there is a single coil，its securing should be done by _Aplacing it in cradle and then lashing itBshoring it and then placing it in cradleCplacing it in cradle，wedging it，shoring it and lashing itDlashing the three end rowsAPassag

8、e 02As for sub-contracting and indemnity，the Repairer shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the Works and any and all acts or things that are in the opinion of the Repairer necessary or desirable to carry out and complete the WorksThe Customer undertakes that no cla

9、im or allegation shall be made against any person by whomsoever the Works is performed or undertaken（including all sub-contractors of the Repairer），other than the Repairer，which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person any liability whatsoever in connection with the Works，whether or not ar

10、ising out of negligence on the part of such person and，if any such claim or allegation should nevertheless be made，to indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereofIf a claim is made by the Customer against a sub-contractor，_Athe sub-contractor shall indemnify the Repairer against all conse

11、quences thereofBthe Customer shall indemnify the sub-contractor against all consequences thereofCthe sub-contractor shall indemnify the Customer against all consequences thereofDthe Customer shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereofDAccording to this passage，_ is trueAthe Custome

12、r undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the RepairerBthe Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the CustomerCthe Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractorDthe Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a su

13、b-contractorCThe Repairer is entitled to sub-contract to _ on any terms all things that are in his opinion necessary to complete the WorksAany personBthe CustomerCa claimerDan allegerAThis passage is likely extracted from _Aa B/LBGenconCBaltimeDa Ship Repair ContractDPassage 03Whilst proper care mus

14、t be taken with the stowage of all iron and steel，cargoes of pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are particularly difficult to secure effectivelyIn the upper tween decks of many two and three deck ships the absence of hatch coamings more than a few inches high adds to the difficulty of secur

15、ing pig iron and billets carried abreast the hatchways and there appears to be a greater risk of cargo shifting in these spaces than in the lower holdsThe most effective way to secure these cargoes is to level them and over stow them with other suitable cargoThe over stow should have sufficient rigi

16、dity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movement of pig iron，steel billets，bars，etcLarge quantities of uncovered pig iron or billets should not be carried in the upper-tween decks with the intention of obtaining an unduly low metacentric height since this does not eliminate the risk

17、of cargo shifting and may endanger the ship if it does shiftWhere the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are stowed in _ of a ship，their risk of shifting is the greatestAthe upper tween deckBthe lower tween deckCthe lower holdDin any tween deck without hatch coamingsAThe most effective way

18、to stow such cargoes as pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes is to _Aplace them in the upper tween deckBover stow them with sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movementClower the metacenter of the shipDobtain an unduly low metacentric heightBIt will endanger

19、 the ship if the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes _Ahave no risk of shiftingBare over stowed with other cargoes of sufficient rigidity or weightCare stowed in lower holdDshiftDThis passage is likely extracted from _Aa B/LBGenconCBaltimeDa Ship Repair ContractDPassage 04With one possible e

20、xception，activity in the Dover Strait during the closing hours of 5 May 1998 was normalIt was a dark clear night，the wind was west-south-west force 5 to 6 and traffic was moving easily both ways in the traffic separation schemeAs so often happens a“rogue”ship was heading north-east on the northern e

21、dge of the south-west bound laneIt was not identifiedThe only additional，but by no means unusual，activity that night was a cross channel survey by the 1，774gt survey vessel STM AtriaShe was traversing the channel between a position off St Margarets Bay and the Belgian coastShe was showing the lights

22、 of a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre，red white and red all round lights，and also displaying an orange flashing lightRegular traffic information about her activities was broadcast by the CNIS every hourShe was making GOOD between 4 and 5 knotsThe traffic separation scheme _ in the Dove

23、r StraitAwas not establishedBwill be establishedCwas in operationDwas removedCSTM Atria was _Aa“rogue”shipBa survey vesselCCNISDDover StraitBThe speed of the survey vessel is between _ knotsA4 and 5B5 and 6C6 and 7D7 and 8AThe ship heading north-east _Awas in the wrong lane of the traffic separation

24、 schemeBwas carrying out survey operationsCdid not carry any cargo on boardDwas a pirate boatAPassage 05The bulk carrier，long recognized as the workhorse of the world merchant fleet，has over the years had its design refined and optimized on the basis of previous successful experienceThis provided wh

25、at many considered to be a relatively uncomplicated and safe structural configurationRecently，and regrettably with loss of human lives，a series of tragic ship losses has focused the attention of the marine industry and the public on the performance and inherent safety of this ship typeExtensive rese

26、arch and development，principally by the major classification societies，has highlighted the possible causes of the bulk carrier losses and brought about necessary changes to the design and scantlings for new shipsFor existing ships，improvements to safety are anticipated through the reinforcement of t

27、he aft transverse watertight bulkhead，and the double bottom structure in way，of the foremost cargo hold，the introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating procedures，particularly during cargo loading and discharge，in order to avoid over stressing of the structure or

28、 mechanical damageIn this paragraph，the term“workhorse”means _Athe ship that performs dependably in marine industriesBa horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or ridingCa person who works tirelessly，especially at difficult or time-consuming tasksDsomething that performs dependably under

29、 heavy or prolonged useAThe refined and optimized design of bulk carriers，considered by many people，_Ais relatively uncomplicated and safe in their structural configurationBis relatively complicated compared with previous structural configurationCis relatively not safe on the basis of previous succe

30、ssful experienceDwill join world fleet recentlyAThe _ is not included in the anticipated improvements to safety for existing bulkshipsAintroduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating proceduresBintroduction of necessary changes to the design and scantlingsCreinforcem

31、ent of the aft transverse watertight bulkheadDreinforcement of the double bottom structure in wayBIt is implied that a series of tragic bulkship losses _Awill not be avoided even new design of their structure are introducedBwere contributed by the improvements to safety for existing shipsChas little

32、 effect on the marine industry and the publicDwere caused by their inherent structuresDPassage 06The ship loaded with general cargo had parcels of steel pipes of 13 inch diameter stowed 6 tiers high in the aft end of the tween decksTwo lengths of 2.25 inch steel wire were laid athwartships across th

33、e top of the third tier of pipes，taken back over the top of the sixth tier on completion of stowage and tightened by bottle screws secured to the ships framingIn very heavy weather the steel pipes broke adrift and extensive damage resulted to framing，bulkheads，air and sounding pipes，etcThe wire lash

34、ings and bottle screws were completely destroyedThe diameter of the steel pipes is _ inchesAnot mentionedB13C6D2.25BThe steel pipes were stowed in _ tiesA2B3C5D6DThe steel pipes did not cause damage to _AframingBbulkheadsCair and sounding pipesDthe aft end of the tween decksDThe steel pipes were las

35、hed with _ wiresA2B3C4D5APassage 07Dangerous cargoes of Class 3 are liquids，or mixtures of liquids，or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension（egpaints，varnishes，lacquers，etc，but not including substances which，on account of their other dangerous characteristics，have been included in other

36、 classes）which give off a flammable vapour at or below 61（141）closed cup test（corresponding to 656（150）open cup test），normally referred to as the flashpointClass 3 also includes substances transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures in a liquid state which give off a flammable vapo

37、ur at temperatures equal to or below the maximum transport temperatureHowever，the provisions of this Code need not apply to such liquids with a flashpoint of more than 35（95）which do not sustain combustionLiquids offered for transport at temperatures equal to or above their flashpoint are，in any cas

38、e，considered as flammable liquidsFor the purpose of above subsection，liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if：*they have passed the suitable combustibility test（see United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous GOODs）；or*their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater tha

39、n 100；or*they are miscible solutions with a water content of more than 90%，by massAccording to this paragraph，flash point obtained from closed cup test is _ then that obtained from open cup testA9 lowerB9 higherC4.6 lowerD4.6 higherCLiquids are not considered to sustain combustion if _Athey have not

40、 passed the suitable combustibility testBtheir fire point according to ISO 2592 is not greater than 100Cthey are miscible solutions with a water content of not more than 90%，by massDtheir fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100DMiscible solutions offered for transport at ambient tempera

41、ture with a flashpoint of more than 35（95）and with a water content of more than 90，by mass，_Ais not included in Class 3Bis not mentioned in this paragraphCis included in Class 3Dwill be considered to be included in other class of dangerous cargoesAThe proper topic of this paragraph is _ANon Dangerou

42、s LiquidsBMost Liquids are not Included in Class 3CDefinition of Dangerous Cargoes of Class 3DLiquids and Their Physical PropertiesCPassage 08Modern bulk carriers are normally designed to carry a variety of cargoes in order to provide operational flexibilityFor cargoes such as coal or grain the ship

43、 would have all holds filled with the cargo（homogeneous loading condition）and be down to maximum draughtIf heavy cargoes，with a stowage rate of about one third of that for coal were to be carried in the homogeneous condition each hold would only be about one third fullIn that condition the ship woul

44、d have a large metacentric height and a low centre of gravity resulting in a very“stiff”shipModern bulk carriers，intended for the carriage of ore，are designed for the carriage of ore cargoes in alternate holds and in larger ships only the odd numbered holds are loaded with oreThe advantages in this

45、are that it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the ship and a reduced time spent in portHowever，the disadvantages are that the alternate hold loading pattern greatly increases the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shellThe double bottom，hopper and tops

46、ide tanks are arranged for the carriage of water ballast with the double bottom and hopper tanks often being inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanksThe homogeneous loading condition refers to loading pattern that _Aall cargo holds are fully loaded to the maximum of both vo

47、lume and weight capacitiesBeach hold would only be about one third fullConly the odd numbered holds are loadedDall cargo holds are loaded with cargoesD“Stiff”ship is the condition that _Ashe has a large metacentric heightBshe has a high centre of gravityCher metacenter above baseline is highDher cen

48、tre of gravity is lowAThe _ are not arranged for the carriage of ballast waterAdouble bottom tanksBtopside tanksChopper tanksDvertical trunks or pipesDThe disadvantage of the alternate hold loading pattern is that _Ait is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the shipBit increases the stresses in

49、 the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shellCit is easier to achieve a reduced time spent in portDthe double bottom and hopper tanks are often inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanksBPassage 09Bottom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sqm，i

50、ncluding rudder，post，stern frame，to be cleaned with high pressure fresh waterRusted area about 300 sq，to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of bottom primer on the bare metal surfaceThen whole area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one coat tropical anti-fouling paintBoot-

51、topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sqmto be cleaned with high pressure fresh waterRusted area to be blasted and patched with two coats of primerThen whole area to be applied one coat of boot topping green paintTopside about 1200 sqmto be cleaned with high pressure fresh waterRusted area

52、to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of primer and one coat of light gray paintThen whole area to be applied with one coat of light gray paintAll draft figures，plimsoll marks，ships name and port of registry to be repainted twice in original color_ to be repainted twice in original colorABot

53、tom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sqm，including rudder，post，stern frameBThe whole areaCBoot-topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sqmDAll draft figures，plimsoll marks，ships name and port of registryDWhere is boot-topping _AThe area of the hull between full and light load line

54、sBThe area of the hull above the water line in full load conditionCThe area from keel to light load lineDThe area from keel to full load lineA_ area to be applied with one coat of light gray paintABottomBThe wholeCBoot-toppingDTopsideD_ area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one c

55、oat tropical anti-fouling paintABottomBThe wholeCBoot-toppingDTopsideAPassage 10The hull structure within the cargo area of a bulk carrier can be considered as comprising two barriers；namely，the primary and secondary barrierThe primary barrier is formed by the single skin side shell between topside and hopper tanks，and the cross deck strips，hatch covers and coamingsA failure of the primary barrier would allow water to enter the hold spaceThe secondary barrier is formed by the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads and the inner bottomA failure of the sec