【初中】初中定语从句详解及练习附答案

1、学习必备欢迎下载定语从句详解及练习附答案第一部分 :基础学问（一）定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当；假如是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句；定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词；定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明；（二）定语从句的引导词；定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（ that, which, who, whom, whose ） 和关系副词（ when, where, why ），引导词在先行词和定语从句之

2、间， 既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分；（三）关系代词1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；this is the photo that i took in the country. he is the singer that i met yesterday.2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句the film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语；the person who visited our class

3、room yesterday was our new headmaster. the man who you just talked to is tom.4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语；that is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ s后, 接一名词；i know the boy whose parents are dead.i don t like those cities whose roads are dirty.注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略；（四）关系副词关系副词在从句中作

4、状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中 which 指代先行词不行以指示整个句子；1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.i ll nveer forget the day when on which i reached the top of the huangshan mountain.2. where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.this is the school where at which i studied.3. why指缘由，在从句中作缘由状语，相当于for which. th

5、at s the real reason why wfohrich he was late.其次部分：关系代词的特殊用法一 关系代词指物时 , 用 that 而不用 which 的情形:1. 先行词为 something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及 all , much , little , alot ,none , few 等不定代词时；e.g.: my mother was so proud of all that i didnt.2. 先行词有 the last , the very , the only以及 all , much , few , n

6、o , any ,little 等修饰时；学习必备欢迎下载e.g.this is the very book that iform. looking3. 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或所修饰 时；e.g.this is the most exciting film that iseen.ve everwhen people talk about hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the west lake.4. the same 修饰先行词时, 定语从句要用 that 或 as 引导 , 但意义不同；e.g.this is the

7、same watch as i lost last sunday. 表示相同但并非同一 this is the same knife that i used yesterday.表 示就是那个 6. there be 后面的定语从句多用 that 引导 , 不用 which ；e.g.there s a seat in the corner that ilsl fsrtee.7. 句子前面显现了 who , which 时 , 后面的定语从句用 that 引导；e.g.they built a factory which made some new products that had neve

8、r been seen before.who is the man that you were talking about just now.8. 关系代词在定语从句作表语时 , 常用 that , 而不用 which 、who ；e.g.my home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.tom isn t the man that he used to be9. 先行词既有人又有物时 , 只能用 that；e.g.do you remember the book and its author that appeare

9、don tv last sunday.二 关系代词指人时 , 有时只用 who ,而不用 that；1. 先行词为指人的代词 one , those , the man以, 及人称代词如 he 等；e.g.those who are often late for school should be punished.he who doesn t reach the great wall is not a tmruaen.2. 先行词为 someone somebody, no one nobody, anyone anybody, everyone everybody ；e.g.anyone w

10、ho would like to attend the party should come on time.3. 先行词指人时 , 如有序数词 , 最高级, the very , the only ,the last 等修饰 ,定语从句既可用 that 也可用 who 引导；e.g.he is the first student who / that worked out the problem. 三 关系代词 whose 的用法：1. whose 在从句中作定语，表示 “先行词的 ”，既可指人，也可指物；e.g.john is my best friend, whose father is

11、a scientist.the old man lived in the house whose window was broken.the boss, in whose company my father worked, was very friendly to the workers.2. whose 可以转换为 of which （物）和 of whom（人） ；e.g. 1the dictionary whose cover is missing is mine. 划线部分可改为 the cover of which 或 of which the cover 2) they also

12、invited mr. wang, whose car was stolen last sunday. 划线部分可改为 the car of whom 或 of whom the car 四which 的特殊用法：1. 关系代词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 ；特殊留意，非限定定语从句中 prep+which 时， which 只能指代先行词，不行以指代句子；e.g. 1 in china, you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands, whi

13、ch, however, is not the custom in western countries.2）helen often came late, which made the class teacher angry.2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语, 含义上相当于指示代词this / that ；e.g.1he stayed in england for 5 years, during which time he learned english well.2it may rain hard tomorrow, in which case i won tfigshoing.留

14、意 ： which 的这种用法与 whose 作定语不同 ；whose 表示“先行词的 ”；e.g.they re talking about failm, whose name i have forgotten.3. 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时, 可借关系代词 which 把介词前置；e.g.1 tomorrow would be christmas day, and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy jim a present.2 those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to

15、live.注：假如先行词指人，关系代词用whom ；e.g.i want to find a person to travel to england with / with whom to travel to england.五 关系代词 as的用法：1. 引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有 such , so , the same等修饰时 , 关系代词要用 as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语；e.g.1 . i have never seen such a kind girl as she is .2 . he is such a good teacher so good a teach

16、er as every studentrespects .比较： he is such a good teacher so good a teacher that everystudent respects him . 此句为 such / so t引ha导t 的结果状语从句3 . such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .4 . he bought the same bike as i did last week .区分 that i did last week2. 引导非限制性定语从句：as 不修饰某个先

17、行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为 “这一点，此事；正如 ”，或不译；这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾；常见于as we all know , as has been said above，as is usual ， as is often the case ,as everybody can see , as is known to us a等ll 结构；e.g. 1. he has passed the exam, as is a pleasure to us.2). as we all know, the earth moves around the sun.3). this ex

18、periment, as you had expected, succeeded at last.3. 如前所述 , which 也可引导这种从句 , 两者常可互换； 非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句 e.g. 1）. those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting .2）. they came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .但在以下两种情形下有区分：1). as 从句可位于句首 或主句前 , 而

19、which 从句只能在主句后；e.g. is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.a. whichb. whenc. whatd. as2). 关系代词作主语时 , 假如从句的谓语是及物动词 +宾语的结构 ,就只能用 which ；e.g.his father died in a trafficaccident, which made us greatly surprised.3）当 which 在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用whiche.g. the car, which we saw on the play

20、ground, is mike s.第四部分：关系副词的特殊用法一关系副词 when , where , why 的用法：1. 关系代词 which / that 与关系副词 when, where, why 的选取方法：a) 当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词；关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语；b) 假如先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候 , 选用关系副词；关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为 “介词 + which ”；e.g.1do you remember the day which / that we

21、 spent in the mountain village.do you remember the day when = on which we visited the mountain village.2) this is the factory which / that we visited last year.this is the factory where = in which he worked last year.3) we don t believe the reason which / that he gave for his cominglate .we don t kn

22、ow the reason wh=y for which he has changed his mind .2. 关系副词 where 的从句仍可以修饰 point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词；关系副词when 的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词； 关系副词 why 只修饰 reason 这一个先行词；e.g. 1 now you can see we ve come to the point where a change is badlyneeded .2) today we ll

23、diusscs some cases where beginners of english fail to use it properly .3) there are few occasions when my students can t understand wha teach in class .3. when 和 where 在少数情形下可作介词宾语；e.g.1. the naughty boy was hidden behind the door, from where he saw his motherwalking into the house .（ where 指代 behin

24、d the door ；不能换为 which ，由于 which 只能指代 the door ）2 . they went to american three years ago， since when they havelived there . when 指代 three years ago ；不能换为 which ，由于 which 只能指代 three years =and since then二 that 在有些句型中可视为关系副词：1 . way 后面的定语从句常用 that 或 in which 引导 , 但可省略；e.g.i don t like the way that /

25、in which you speak to your parents .the way in which / that he worked on the problem was wrong .注： 假如 way 在从句中作主语或宾语 , 应当用关系代词 which / that；e.g.he explained the problem in a way that / which everyone couldaccept .2 . it is about , high time that 正是 的时候了；that 从句中常用一般过去时 , that 在口语中可省略；e.g.it was high

26、 time that we stopped pollution .it is time that you had lunch now .比较： there was a time when during which we were short of oil .3 . this is the first second , lasttime that 从句中常用完成时态 e.g.this is / will be the last time that i have come to china .it was the first time that he had been invited to chi

27、na .第五部分：定语从句有关要留意的问题一 关系代词作主语时 ,要留意从句中谓语动词的单复数；1 . 先行词只有 one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数；e.g.he is one of the students in our class who have been to hainan .this is one of the best books that were written by the writer .2 . one of 前有 the , the only ， the very ， the first 时 , 从句谓语用单数；e.g.tom is the only / very

28、 one of the boys who knows the truth . 二 定语从句的隔离现象：1 . 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要留意找准先行词；e.g.the film brought the hours back to me when i was taken good care of in that village .is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch . aroundadv. 在周围 the days are gone when we used foreign oil . 主句

29、谓语较短 , 隔开先行词与定语从句 2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会显现插入语；e.g.1 he is the man who i think is fit for the job .2 - is that the small town you often refer to .- right , just the oneyou know i used to work for years .a . thatb . whichc . whered . what 三 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：e.g. three days later , we found an old hous

30、e , in front of which stood a bigtree .finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautifulrainbow .四 留意区分定语从句和其他从句：1 . 区分 where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句； 最明显的区分是定语从句肯定有先行词 e.g.after the war , a new school was put upwhere there had once been a theatre . 状语从句 a new school was put up at the p

31、lace where there had once been a theatre . 定语从句 2 . 区分 “介词+which ”的定语从句和 “介词+what ”的宾语从句；e.g.1 this is the company in which he worked three years ago . which引导定语从句2 a modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago . what 宾语从句 a . whatb . whichc . thatd . where3 . 区分 that 的定语从句和同位语从句；e.g

32、.the news that he won the match made us excited . 同位语从句the news that he told us made us very excited . 定语从句同位语从句中 that 不作句子成分 , 但不能省略，去掉 that 从句仍旧完整；定语从句中 that 是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；几个习题1. meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment ,i will alwaystreasure .a . thatb . itc . on

33、ed . what此时， one 是分句的先行词，同时 one 是 moment 的同位语2. the book was written in 1946 ,the education system has witnessed great changes .a . whenb . during whichc . since thend . sincewhen此时 when 相当于 in 1946 , 最简洁的说法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which定语从句易错分析之所以在常常出错，主要是对定语从句的懂得不够深刻，辨论不出主句和

34、从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当 何种句子成分；所以要做好这一类题，要第一弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法， 而且应善于辨论和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速精确 地找到瓿之所在 定语从句练习题及配套参考答案共50 题1. the placeinterested me most was the childrens palace.a. which b. where c. what d. in which 2.do you know the man.a. whom i spokeb. to who spokec. i spoke tod. that

35、i spoke3. this is the hotellast month.a. which they stayed b. at that they stayedc. where they stayed at d. where they stayed4. do you know the yearthe chinese communist party was founded.a. which b. that c. when d. on which5. that is the dayill never forget.a. which b. on which c. in which d. when6

36、. the factorywell visit next week is not far from here.a. where b. to which c. which d. in which7. great changes have taken place since then in the factorywe are working.a. where b. that c. which d. there 8.this is one of the best films.a. that have been shown this yearb. that have shownc. that has

37、been shown this yeard. that you talked9. can you lend me the bookthe other day.a. about which you talkedb. which you talkedc. about that you talkedd. that you talked10. the penhe is writing is mine.a. with whichb. in whichc. on whichd. by which11. they arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small

38、boy.a. whom b. who c. which d. that12. the engineermy father works is about 50 years old.a. to whomb. on whomc. with whichd. with whom13. it there anyone in your classfamily is in the country.a. who b. whos c. which d. whose 14.im interested inyou have said.a. all that b. all what c. that d. which15

39、.i want to use the same dictionarywas used yesterday.a. which b. who c. what d. as16. he isnt such a manhe used to be.a. who b. whom c. that d. as17. he is good at english,we all know.a. that b. as c. whom d. what18. li ming,to the concert enjoyed it very much.a. i went withb. with whom i wentc. wit

40、h who i went d.i went with him19.i dont likeas you read.a. the novelsb. the such novelsc. such novelsd. same novels20. he talked a lot about things and personsthey remembered in the school.a. which b. that c. whom d. what21. the letter is from my sister,is working in beijing.a. which b. that c. whom

41、 d. who22. in our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare women.a. them b. which c. whom d. who23. youre the only personive ever metcould do it.a. who;/ b./; whom c. whom;/ d./; who24.i lost a book,i cant remember now.a. whose titleb. its titlec. the title of itd. the title of that25. last

42、 summer we visited the west lake,hangzhou is famous in the world.a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what26.i have bought such a watchwas advertised on tv.a. that b. which c. as d. it27.i can never forget the daywe worked together and the day we spent together.a. when; which b. which; whenc. wha

43、t; that d. on which; when28. the wayhe looks at problems is wrong.a. which b. whose c. what d./29. this is the reasonhe didnt come to the meeting.a. in whichb. with whichc. thatd. for which30. this machine,for many years, is still working perfectly.a. after which i have lookedb. which i have looked

44、afterc. that i have looked afterd. i have looked after31. the reasonhe didnt come washe was ill.a. why; thatb.that;whyc. for that;thatd.for which;what32. he is working hard,will make him pass the final exam.a.that b.which c.for which d.who 33.that is not the wayi do it. a./ b.which c.for which d.wit

45、h which34.i have two grammars,are of great use.a. all of whichb. either of whichc. both of thatd. both of which35.i want to use the same toolsused in your factory a few days ago.a. as was b. which was c. as were d. which36. my neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very kind of th

46、em.a. who b. which c. that d. it37. this is the magazinei copied the paragraph.a. that b. which c. from that d. from which38. he is not such a manwould leave his work half done.a. that b. which c. who d. as39. you can depend on whatever promisehe makes.a. / b. why c. when d. whose40. smoking,is a ba

47、d habit, is, however, popular.a. that b. which c. it d. though41. - did you ask the guardhappened.- yes, he told me allhe knew.a. what; thatb. what; whatc. which; which d. that; that42. i shall never forget those yearsi lived on the farm with the farmers,has a great effect on my life.a. when; whob.

48、that; whichc. which; thatd. when; which43. the number of the people whocarsincreasing.a. owns; areb. owns; isc. own; isd. own; are44. during the days, he worked as a servant at the browns.a. followedb. followingc. to followd. that followed45. is oxygen the only gashelps fire burn.a. that b. / c. whi

49、ch d. it46. the clever boy made a hole in the wall,he could seewas going on inside house.a. which; whatb. through which; whatc. through that; whatd. what; that47. issome german friends visited last week.a. this schoolb. this the schoolc. this school one d. this school where48. john got beaten in the

50、 game,had been expected.a. as b. that c. what d. who49. i have bought two ballpens,writes well.a. none of themb. neither of themc. neither of whichd. none of which50. all that can be eateneaten up.a. are beingb. has beenc. had beend. have been参考答案及解析1. a. which 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语；2c. 和谁讲话 ”要说 speak to

51、 sb. 此题全句应为 do you know the man whom i spoke to.；whom 是关系代词，作介词 to 的宾语，可以省略；3. d. where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；4. c. when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；5 a. which 是关系代词，在从句中作 forget 的宾语；其他几个答案都不能作宾语；6 c. 解析同第 5 题；7. a. 解析见第 3 题；8. a. 本句话的先行词应当是 films, 因此，关系代词 that 是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态 have been shown；假如句中的

52、 one 前面使用了定冠词 the，就 the one应当视为先行词；9. a.谈“到某事物 ”应说 talk about sth.；about 是介词，其后要用 which 作宾语，不能用 that；10. a. with which 是介词+关系代词 结构,常用来引导定语从句 .with 有 用 的意思,介词之后只能用 which,不能用 that. with which 在定语从句中作状语 ,即 he is writing with a pen.11. c. in front of which即 in front of a farmhouse. in front of which 在从句

53、中作状语.12. d. with whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer.13. d. whose 引导定语从句 ,在从句中作主语 family 的定语.14. a. that 引导定语从句 ,由于先行词是 all,所以只能选用 that 引导.15. d. the same是.固as定用法 , as 引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语.在本句话中 ,as作从句的主语 .16. d. such 是a固s 定用法 ,as引导定语从句时 ,可以作主语 ,宾语或表语.在此题中 ,as作表语.17. b

54、. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句；这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义；as 在从句中可以作主语、宾语；从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前；在本句中,as作宾语 .18. b. li ming enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whom i went to the concert 是定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中为 :i went to the concert with li ming.19. c. as引导定语从句时通常构成 such as或 the same a固s 定搭配，其中such 和 same修饰其后的名词， as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句；as在从句中可以作