宾语从句讲解全

1、宾语从句(The Object Clause)学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语 作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语作介词的宾语：He saidnothingaboutwho broke the window last ni ght.主语 谓语动词代词作动词的宾语 介词一个句子作介词的宾语二、宾语从句中引导词(连接词)的用法。在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),wheth

2、er, if代词： who, whose, what ,which畐寸词： when ,where, how, why 等。一)、连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, ifHe told me (that he would) go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don tow if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车 . Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试 .1、that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场

3、合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, thi nk, in sist, wish, hope, dema nd, imag ine, won der, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, expla in, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mea n, no tice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will t

4、ravel through space to other pla nets.注意：宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don tnk it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句 一致.I don

5、believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是 Jim 所杀的，是不是？I expect our En glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, wont she/he?We suppose you have fini shed the project, have nt you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he n ever liste ns to th

6、e teacher carefully, does he?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she n eeds no help, does nt she?You thought they could have completed the project, did nt you?They dont believe shes an engin eer, do they?She does nt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1

7、) I don think he is right,?A. isn heB . is he C . do I D . don It(2) . He believes she is right,?A. doesn he B . does he C . is she D . isn she(3) .I thought that he disliked playi ng football,?A. did n heB . did he C . did I D . did n I t(4) . I findimporta nt that we practice En glish every day.A.

8、 it B. this C. that D. what(5) . You canitmagine when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 在以下情况中 that 不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可省，但后面的 that 不可省。I believe(that)you have done your best and tha

9、t things will get better.2、当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时， that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、当 that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时， that 不可省。I can ttell him that his mother died.4、当 it 作形式宾语时例句： She made it clear that she had noth

10、ing to do with him 许多带复合宾语的句子， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win ，I believe 6、当 that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold 等动词的宾语时 ;2、由 whether,if 引导的宾语从句 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为 “是否 ”。如： I dont know if /whether he still lives he

11、re after so many years 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether ，不能用 if ： 在具有选择意义，又有 or或or not时，尤其是直接与 or not连用时，往往用 whether( ifornot也可以使用 )。如：Let me know whether /if he will come or not . (= Let me know whether or not he will come) 让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether /if he does any washing or not . (= I don

12、t know whether or not he does any washing )我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego 我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用 whether 。如：Im interested in whether he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasnt decided wheth

13、er to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not ， I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是个问题。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用 whether 0如：Please

14、 let me know if you like the book 可理解为：If you like the book ， please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我只能用 if 不能用 whether 引导的宾语从句 if 引导条件状语从句，意为 如果” Thestudents will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didn come to school yesterday. 引导状语从句 even if(即使)和 as if(好象)时 He talks as if he has

15、 known all about it. 二)、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的， 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 用于这种结构的动词 常常是： see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise 等。连接代词： who,whom,whose,which,what, 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问 ,但 what, whateve

16、r 除了指疑问外 ,也可以指陈述 .Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么 .Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 ?连接副词有： when,where,why,how ，在句中担任状语的成分。He didn tetl

17、l me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面 .Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 ?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到 .练习题：(1) I donktnow or not.A. whether he is at homeB. if he is at home C. that he is at homeD. whether is he

18、 at home(2) This depends on the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I donktnow Mr. Green will come to see us.He lhl elp us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dontbreak

19、the bottles. Do you hear I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know Mr Black asddress is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street.I mnot sure of .A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really

20、donktnow .A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I chooseD. what I should choose三、宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即 “主句连词宾语从句 (主语谓语 +)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1) 连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer ， please ？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗

21、？The small children dont know what is in their stockings 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2) 连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose ， what， which ， howmany， how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room 老师问我们房间里有多少人。3) 连接词主语谓语

22、。 连接词在从句中作宾语、 状语或表语。 常见的连接词有： who(m) ， what， which ， how many ， how much ， when， why， how， where ， if whether( 在句中不充当任何成分 )等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4) 连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what， which

23、 ，how many ， how much ， how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew whose pen it was 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 练习题：(1) Did you find out ?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Ar

24、e you interested in ?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I donktnow . Can you tell me?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered i

25、f into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ?A. Where the bank nearestB. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where(6) She asked Tom with his car?A. what the matter was B.

26、 what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what is the matter四、宾语从句的时态 时态：主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句： The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句： She was sorry that she hadntfinished her work on time. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 例句： The teacher told his clas

27、s that light travels faster than sound.练习题：(1) It 7s:30. I canbtelieve you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havensttarted B. didn tC. donsttart D. hadnsttarted(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth round th

28、e sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We dlike to tell you that you the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass(5) “ Couldyou tell me?” “ YesT. hey to the library. ”A. where are the twins, have beenB. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have goneD, where the twi

29、ns were, have gone(6) Our father said that he a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buyD. buys(7) I hear that he to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：建议 suggest 、advise 、 propose ；要求 demand 、desire、request ； 决定 decide ；命令 order 、 command 、re

30、quire ；坚决主张 insist ； 等动词后跟宾语从句，用 (should)+v (虚拟语气 )Eg ：I suggested that you(should)study hard.He ordered that we should go out at once. 虚拟语气的用法 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表 示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气的用法：1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：May you be happy. 祝你幸福。May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。May the

31、friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！You go out ！ 你出去！2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose, 等词后面的宾语从句表示的是 一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如：I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。He insisted that all of us shou

32、ld be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中， should 可以省略。如：The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。3) 虚拟语气用在

33、主语从句中： 在句型It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . 中，that 后 面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形，如：Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。Its natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中： 虚拟语气最多地用

34、在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。 在表示与 事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。A、 与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.if I (he,she) were. I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。B、 与过去事实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词l(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。If I were you, I should buy it

35、. 如果我是你，我就买了它。If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。 明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了

36、，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑， 猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同(或相近 )的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise 等，且宾语从句的 主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decide

37、d that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know , learn , remember , forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语 一致时，宾语从句可简化为 “疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是 tell, ask, show, teach 等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾 语从句可简化为 “疑

38、问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ？ Could you tell me how to get to the station ？ 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order(命令),require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从 句可简化为 “名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如：f The headmaster ordered us to start atThe headmaster ordere d that we should start at once.once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，

39、可以用介词加动名词（短语 ）等其他形式简化。例如：f He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn t know when and where he was born.f The poodrobeosynt know the timeHe insisted that he should go with us.and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”吉构。例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on t

40、he ground.f Liu Ping found a wallet lying oground.f The boys seemed to win.方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式 （短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：fI found it difficult to learn English well.(rI found that it was difficult to learn English well.Soon we foun

41、d that the ground was covered with thick snow. covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.fThey found the box very heavy.宾语从句练习 1( ) 1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzho

42、u.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth

43、.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 宾语从句练习 2( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 S

44、he didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 I dont know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 6 Do you know they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( ) 7 He asked me told me the accident.A whom B wh

45、ich C who D whose 宾语从句练习 3( ) 1.They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which( ) 2.Please tell me what last year.A.where does your sister workB where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sister worked( ) 3.She asked me if I knew .A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it

46、 was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it ( ) 4. You must remember .A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what ( ) 5 Did you know ?A. who he was looking afterC. who he is looking for ( ) 6 Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing 宾语从句练习 4B. what did

47、your mother sayD. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking afterB. when would they leave BeijingD. when did they leave Beijing1. I dont know he will come tomorrow. he comes, Ill tell you A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know the day after

48、tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he come C. if he comesD. whether hell come3. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended4. I want to know .A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. wh

49、om she is looking after5. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live6. Do you know what time ?A. the train leaveB. does the train leave C. will the train leaveD. the train leaves7. I dont know . Can you tellA. how the two players are oldC. the two players are how ol

50、d8. The small children dont know A. what is their stockings inC. where is their stockings in9. I cant understand .A. what does Christmas meanC. what mean Christmas does 宾语从句练习 5 一、用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句1. What is her name? (I donktnow)me, please?B. how old are the two playersD. how old the two players areB

51、. what is in their stockingsD. what in their stockingsB. what Christmas does meanD. what Christmas means2. Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)3. What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)4. Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)5. When did the accident happen? (Please go and fi

52、nd out)6. What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)7. Whose box is it on the floor? (I nmot sure)8. How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)9. She is a teacher. (I hear)10. Does her aunt live in Paris? (I nmot sure)11. Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)12. Who will

53、come to join us? (Do you know)13. My son is having a cold. (she said)14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I donktnow)、选择题1、Do you know how much hot water ?D did Mum needD what is heDthey are goingA Mum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needs2、Can you tell me?A where he isBwhere is heChe is where3、I didnt kn

54、ow howto London?A would they goB are they going C they would go4、I want to know how long.A has he been back Bhas he come back5、Do you know?A what the news areBwhat is the news6、He said he would help me with my maths if he_C he has been back Dhe has come backC what the news is Dwhat are the news _free.A wasBwill beCwould beDis7、He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.A getsBis gettingC will get D shall get8、Fathermusic when heyoungA. liked was B. liked is C. likes was D. likes is9、I liked sportsI was young.A so much asB so much thatC very