Lecture6VarietiesAccordingtoRegionandSocialGroup

1、Unit Two Varieties of Contemporary English5. Varieties According to Region and Social GroupBy Wang HonglinLead-in 甄嬛体 武林外传 “Life of Pi” (Indian English) 甄嬛体 方才大伙儿说音乐节的事，说的都是极好的。我素日里最喜听音乐，只觉得听那曲子婉转动人，清幽潺缓，别有一番妙处。 我平日里最是闲暇，若是承蒙大伙儿不弃，便去做个音乐节志愿者，今后每每得了好听的曲儿，边和大伙儿一齐赏玩，咱们共聆佳音，携享妙曲，真真是再好不过了！ http:/ 武林外传 ：方

2、言开会哈佟掌柜西安话燕小六天津话李大嘴和老白东北话无双上海话郭芙蓉福建话赛貂禅和小翠河南话老刑山东话 佟掌柜：经典台词额错咧，额真滴错咧，额从一开始就不应该嫁过来，如果额不嫁过来，额滴夫君就不会死，如果额的夫君不死，额也不会沦落到这么一个伤心滴地方，如果不沦落到这么个伤心滴地方，额也不会遇到你们这帮无情无义滴伙计. 武林外传 1、敬佩时说：饿服了you，饿输了you，饿简 直崇拜you。2、鼓励时说：我看好你哦。3、见到使人惊奇的事就说：饿的神唉。4、要扁某人就说：排山倒海。5、“威胁”时说：小心我排你哦。 猜猜看：谁说的话？照顾好我七舅姥爷。( )子曰（子曾经曰过）（） Teaching C

3、ontents 5.1 Regional and social dialects5.2 Standard and non-standard English5.3 Standard American and British English5.4 The use of non-standard English5.4.1 Markers Indicating non-standard speech in literature5.4.2 Functions of non-standard Portrayals5.1 Regional and social dialects Varieties acco

4、rding to the characteristics of language user are commonly termed dialects. A dialect is a variety habitually adopted by people in a certain region (regional dialect) or by people of a certain social group (social dialect). Dialect differs from one another in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. B

5、ritish English: Irish, Scottish, Northern Midland, Welsh, Southwestern and LondonAmerican English: the Northern, the Midland, the Southern. Regional dialect: 中国七大方言北方方言：北方方言：以北京话为代表，使用人口占汉族总人口的70%。北方方言又分为华北、东北方言，西北、西南和江淮方言等四个次方言。吴方言：吴方言：分布在上海、江苏东南部，镇江以东和浙江大部分地区，以苏州话，上海话为代表。湘方言：湘方言：分布在湖南省大部分地区，以长沙话为代

6、表。赣方言：赣方言：分布在江西省大部分地区，以南昌话为代表。客家方言：客家方言：主要分布在广东东部和北部，福建西部，江西东南部和广西南部，以广东省梅县话为代表。粤方言：（广东话）粤方言：（广东话）主要分布在广东省珠三角地区、中部、西南部、北部，广西的东部、南部，以及港澳地区，以广州话为代表。闽方言：（福建话，台湾话）闽方言：（福建话，台湾话）跨越四省，包括福建省大部分地区，广东省东部和浙江省南部部分地区以及台湾省大部分汉人居住区。新编辑部故事 山东话： http:/ 345-700 说话 1509-1600 什么 (xinme) 这(jie) 对(dei) 说（xue） 知道（jidao） 俺

7、们（a men） 伤心 （ xiangxin）Social dialects Social dialects refer to the language variation according to education, socioeconomic status, ethnic origin, and even age and sex. (More to see page 122)Varieties of Language Dialectal varieties, commonly called DIALECTs, are language variations that are associ

8、ated with different users of the language. As users in a society can be defined in terms of their individual, temporal, regional, and social affiliations, and their range of intelligibility, so there are individual, temporal, regional, social and standard varieties respectively. These are relatively

9、 permanent features of the language user in a speech event. （徐有志英语文体学教程P25）Social dialect according to agethe young the elderly 雷人 吓人， 怪异，奇怪潮 时髦，时尚囧 丢脸，处于困境老公 老头子老婆 老婆子淡定 冷静 郁闷 不开心，心情不好美女 小姑娘 帅哥 小伙子牛 能干纠结 拿不定主意，为难 学生补充： 悲剧悲剧 超郁闷超郁闷Internet language 给力：有帮助、有作用、给面子 神马都是浮云 ：什么都不值得一提 “蒜你狠” “油你涨” “苹神马” “

10、蜗居” “宅” “甲流”、“秒杀”“二代” 官二代 富二代 红二代 垄二代 煤二代Internet language美眉-漂亮的女生 OUT-老土 和谐-就是屏蔽，删除 （被和谐了）“被无数蚊子咬了”不叫“被无数蚊子咬了”,叫-“新蚊连啵” （新闻联播） “有木有”说过酱紫的“网络语言”？人不叫人，叫银 （东北方言）无奈囧（该字身份备受争议） MS貌似 我不叫我,叫-偶 什么不叫什么,叫-神马 不要不叫不要,叫-表 喜欢不叫喜欢,叫-稀饭 这样子不叫这样子,叫-酱紫 Internet language 同意不叫同意，叫顶 无语不叫无语，叫汗 吃惊不叫吃惊，叫寒 非常不叫非常，叫灰常 滚不叫滚，

11、叫哥屋恩 Internet languagefans不叫fans，叫粉丝 cu=see you sg=帅哥（帅锅 ）童鞋=同学 桑心=伤心 7417419741=气死你、气死你、就气死你！微薄词汇：粉丝 fans粉丝 活粉 死粉 僵尸粉（僵粉）Summary: One persons speech style often manifests an interaction of features of several dialects. It reveals not only the facts about the persons regional origin, social class me

12、mbership, ethnic origin, sex or age, but all his willingness to identity himself with the people of a particular region or social group. 普通话还是宁波话？上海话还是普通话？Further discussion Standard language and non-standard language Mandarin or dialect? ( occasion, purpose and result?)5.2 Standard and non-standard

13、 English All dialects can be classified as Standard and non-standard. While the standard English varies in different parts of English-speaking world: Standard British English, Standard American English, Standard Australian English, Standard Canadian English, etc.Dialectal English The dialectal Engli

14、sh which differs from Standard English in grammar and vocabulary is termed Non-standard. 普通话测试：方言语法词汇 老好了 贼噶好 超喜欢 酱紫 Standard English Standard English may be spoken with an accent from any region. And also Standard English can be spoken with a NON-REGIONAL accent. Notes： non-standard-not standard, b

15、ut as good as standard substandard-not standard, and not as good as standard5.3 Standard American and British English I. Some representative phonological differencesII. Some representative spelling differencesIII. Grammatical differencesIV. Vocabulary differencesI. some representative phonological d

16、ifferencesA. In pronunciation (page 125) Class caught bird home dear direct hotB. In stress Address, laboratory kilometer II. Some representative spelling differencesAmerican Britishorour colorcolourze se realizerealize/sensence: defenceoffence zeise realize realiseerre theatertheatre centre lll tra

17、velertravelerIII. Grammatical differencesA. Verb formsB. Verb tenseC. Verb to have (meaning “to possess”)D. The subjunctiveE. Prepositions and adverb particlesA. Verb forms Dove/dived fit/fitted gotton B. Verb tense He just went home. (AmE) Hes just gone home. (BrE)C. Verb to have (meaning “to posse

18、ss”) (page 127)D. The subjunctive Should be and be E. Prepositions and adverb particles Visit with visitAt the weekend, on the weekendIV. Vocabulary differences : A. Same word, different meaning or additional meaning AmEbillion 十亿（美）School any educational institution, including university Dumb stupi

19、d, muteBrE万亿（英）primary and secondary schoolmuteB. Same concept or reference, different word (in certain contexts of use) American English-British English fall-autumn elevator-lift can-tin mail-postmovie-post moviefilm普通话和台湾话和 普通话读 和（h） 台湾读 和（hn）垃圾发“乐色”的音 盒饭点心便当 博客部落格 （BLOG） 乒乓球桌球 普通话和台湾话发音不同：大厦（sha）

20、企（三声）业爸爸（四声）妈妈（一声）哥哥（一声）弟弟（四声）叔叔（一声）大厦（xia）企（四声）业把拔（先三声再二声）马麻（先三声再二声）葛格（先三声再二声）抵迪（先三声再二声）属熟（先三声再二声）动词和句子：普通话台湾话 我明白很棒！特好吃！倒时差很地道我快疯了！生气 我了解懂好赞哦！超好吃！调时差很道地我快要抓狂了！发飙动词和句子：普通话台湾话 他真的很多事、找碴 他真的很过分！ 他很内向 她管得太多了（意会） 我妈总唠叨 驴唇不对马嘴 他很机车哎他真的好扯哦！ 他很内敛 她很鸡婆 我妈总碎碎念啦 鸡同鸭讲普通话台湾话 他们上山不开车走着上去！他们上山不开车走着上去！第一排坐的人不能抱着孩

21、子第一排坐的人不能抱着孩子! ! 他们上山不用开车用走的！第一排坐的人小孩不能用抱的!C. Same word, different style, connotation, frequency of use autumn clever quite 聪明 精明 细心（小心眼） 豪爽（大大咧咧） 老实（以前是优点， 现在在很多人开来是“傻”）汉/英/美 飞机 aeroplane/ airplane 航空邮件 air-post/ air-mail 对（人）生气 angry with/ angry at 垃圾箱 ash-bin (dust-bin) /ashcan 秋 autumn /fall 面包店

22、 bakery /bakehouse 纸币 (bank-)note/ (bank-)bill 理发厅 barbers shop/ barber shop 浴盆 bath /bathtub 浴室 bathroom/ bath 寝具 bedclothes/ covers 饼干 biscuit /cracker 百叶窗 blind /shade 公寓 block of flats /apartment house 宿舍 boarding house/ dormitory 预约 booking/ reservation 汉/英/美售票处 booking-office/ ticket-office 长筒

23、鞋 boot/ shoe 圆顶黑色高帽 bowler/ derby 小憩时间 break /recess 中途下车 break ones journey /stop over 旅行队，篷车 caravan/ trailer 客车 carriage /coach 游览车 charabanc /sightseeing bus 药局 chemists shop /drugstore 支票 cheque /check 汉/英/美 衣柜 chest-drawers/ bureau 教名 Christian name/ first name 电影院 cinema /picture house 寄物处，衣帽

24、间 cloakroom /checkroom 光头 close crop/ crew out 衣夹 clothes-peg/ clothes-pin 公共汽车 coach/ bus 棺材 coffin /casket 魔术师 conjuror/ magician 蒸汽锅 cooker /stove 谷物 corn /grain 棍棒 cosh/ blackjack 领带 cravat /(neck)tie 汉/英/美 十字路口 cross-roads/ intersection 碗柜 cupboard/ closet 窗帘 curtain /drape 煎报 cutting /clipping

25、 骑自行车的人 cyclist /cycler 舞厅 dancing saloon/ dance ball 死者，故人 deceased/ decedent 无尾礼服 dinner-jacket /tuxedo 抹布 dish-cloth /dish towel 老资格，老前辈 doyen /dean 绸缎店 drapers shop /dry-goods store 西洋象棋 draughts /checkers 汉/英/美 客厅 drawing room/ parlor 睡衣 dressing-gown /bathrobe 酒类饮料 drink /liquor 偶然拜访 drop in/

26、drop by 垃圾箱 dust-bin /ashcan 公司的休憩时间 elevenses /coffee break 雇佣 engage/ hire 机车，车头 engine /locomotive 过分 excessively/ overly 快递 express delivery post/ special delivery mail 战争 fighting/ combat 消防队 fire-brigade/ fire-department 二楼 first floor/ second floor 鱼类，海味 fish /sea food 鱼贩 fish-monger/ fish-de

27、aler 花线，皮线 flex /electric cord 人行道 footway /side walk 汉/英/美 汽油 petrol/ gasoline 电影 pictures/ movies 邮筒 pillar-box /letter-box （电器）接头 point /outlet 转辙手 pointman/switchman 职业的 professional /career 公共电话 public call-box/ pay station 酒馆，酒店 public house /tavern （车胎等）爆坏 puncture /become flat 钱包，皮夹 purse/ p

28、ocket-book 睡衣 pyjamas/ pajamas 赛马场 race course /racetrack 汉/英/美人行道 roadway/ pavement 圆环 roundabout rotary, traffic circle 垃圾堆 rubbish-heap/ trash heap 围毯 rug/ robe 解雇 sack/ fire 大麦饼 scone/ biscuit 海 sea/ ocean 定期票，长期票 season ticket /commutation ticket 抵押 security/ collateral 鞋子 shoe/ oxford 擦皮鞋 shoe

29、-black /boot-black 商店 shop /store 店员 shop assistant/ clerk 女店员 sjpp-girl /salesgirl 颊发 side-shiskers/ sideburns 5.4 The use of non-standard English5.4.1 Markers Indicating non-standard speech in literature5.4.2 Functions of non-standard Portrayals I. Dialect forms as markers of social status II. Dialect forms as clues to characters relationship III. Dialect forms as an aid to individualize characters5.4.1 Markers Indicating non-standard speech in literatureNon-standard language features are found in dialogues and first-pers