定语从句专题二

1、.关系副词特殊用法： 1. 关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion , stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。 即学即用 ：用where、when填空。 1) Now you can see weve come to the point a change is badly needed . 2) Today well discuss some cases beginners of English

2、 fail to use it properly . 今天，我们要讨论一些案例，在这些案例中，英语初学者们没有恰当地使用语言。 3) There are few occasions my students cant understand what I teach in class . 2. when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。 e.g. 1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house . （ where 指代behind the

3、 door 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代the door ） 2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have lived there . ( when指代three years ago 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指代three years =and since then)一、关系代词whose的用法：1 . whose 在从句中作定语 ，表示“先行词的” ，既可指人，也可指物。 e.g. John is my best friend , whose father is a sci

4、entist 即学即用 ：The old man lived in the house window was broken . The boss , company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers .2 . whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人） 。 e.g. 1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine . =The dictionary the cover of which / of which the cover is missing i

5、s mine . 即学即用 ：They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday . = They also invited Mr Wang , was stolen last Sunday . =They also invited Mr Wang , was stolen last Sunday . 二、which的特殊用法：1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指

6、代句子。 e.g. 1) In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which , however , is not the custom in western countries . Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry . 2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。 e.g. 1) He stayed in England for 5 years

7、, during which time he learned English well . 2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I wont go fishing . 3 . 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词which把介词前置。即学即用： Those poor people had no houses to live in . Those poor people had no houses .in which to live 注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。 即学即用：I want to find a perso

8、n to travel to England with . I want to find a person to travel .with whom to travel to England .三、关系代词as的用法：1. 引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is . 2) . He is such a good teacher as every student respects .即学即用

9、 ：Such a student often studies hard is sure to pass this exam . He bought the same bike I did last week . 2. 引导非限制性定语从句：as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容,可译为“这一点，此事；正如” ，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常见于as we all know , as has been said above ，as is usual ，as is often the case , as everybody can see , as is known to

10、 us all等结构。e.g. 1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us . 2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun . 3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .Which/as引导非限制性定语从句的区别：相同点不同点两者常可互换，which在非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句 Those two students are wearing the same clothes

11、, which / as is very interesting .They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected .1、as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从句只能在主句后。2、关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which 。3、当which 在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用which 即学即用 ： 1、 _ is often the case , we have worked out the production plan . A . Which B . Whe

12、n C . What D . As 2、 His father died in a traffic accident , made us greatly surprised . A . Which B . When C . What D . As 3、The car, we saw on the playground, is Mikes. A . Which B . When C . What D . As 四、关系代词 (which / that) 与关系副词 (when, where, why) 的选取方法：1、当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先

13、行词在从句中作主语或宾语。2、如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词 + which”。 e.g. 1) Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the mountain village ? 2) This is the factory which / that we visi

14、ted last year . This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year . 3) We dont believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late . We dont know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his mind .拓展：that在有些句型中可视为关系副词： 1 . way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导 , 但可省略。 e.g. I dont like th

15、e way ( that / in which ) you speak to your parents . The way ( in which / that ) he worked on the problem was wrong . 注： 如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which / that。 e.g. He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept . 2 . It is ( about , high ) time that (正)是 的时候了。 that从句中常用一般过去时,

16、that在口语中可省略。 e.g. It was high time that we stopped pollution . It is time that you had lunch now . 3 . This is the first ( second , last ) time that ( 从句中常用完成时态 ) e.g. This is / will be the last time that I have come to China . It was the first time that he had been invited to China .五、定语从句有关要注意的问题

17、(一) 关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。 1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数。 e.g. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan . This is one of the best books that were written by the writer . 2 . one of 前有the , the only ，the very ，the first时 , 从句谓语用单数。 e.g. Tom is the only / very one of the boys w

18、ho knows the truth .(二) 定语从句的隔离现象： 1 . 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准先行词。即学即用 ： 1、The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that village . 2、Is there a restaurant around we can have lunch ? 3、The days are gone we used foreign oil . (2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。 e.g. 1)

19、 He is the man who I think is fit for the job . 2) - Is that the small town you often refer to ? - Right , just the one _ you know I used to work for years . A . that B . which C . where D . what (三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：e.g. Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree . Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow . (四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句： 1 . 区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明