虚拟语气精讲

1、.虚拟语气精讲(1） if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气：条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句两种.a.真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气.b.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气（1）.if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的谓语形式：非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种： 表示与现在事实相反的假设。条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在相反If I (you, he/she, they, we )+_主语+_If you were the UN Secretary Gene

2、ral, could you stop the wars on the earth?If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。表示与过去事实相反的假设.条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与过去相反If I (you, he/she, they, we )+ , 主语+If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua Unive

3、rsity last year。表示一种假设在将来实现的可能性很小或者根本无法实现,从句谓语动词可用三种形式：条件从句条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与将来相反）If I (you, he/she, they, we )+）If I (you, he/she, they, we )+）If I (you, he/she, they, we )+ 主语+1.If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.2.If he should fail in the experiment this ti

4、me, he would try again.3.If we were to panic, we would not be able to help. 省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。例如：Had he known my address(=If he had known my address)， he would have visited me earlier。Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If I should meet J

5、ay Zhou some day)， I might tell him that I like him.Were I you(=If you were I)， I would get on well with my teachers and classmates。注：可提到句首的词只有三个：had, should和were。含蓄虚拟条件句有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如：通过without, but for表示虚拟的条件。（相当于If 从句的主句）Without your help, we could

6、not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your helpBut for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snow:半虚半不虚：句中含有otherwise, but等词语，暗示句子的某一部分(前句或后句)需用虚拟语气。Otherwise（后句用虚拟，等同于if 主句的虚拟；即“前不虚后虚”）, but（前句用虚拟，等同于if 主句的虚拟 ；“前虚后不虚”He was on bu

7、siness in Beijing at that time; otherwise he might have helped us。I should have attended my friends wedding ceremony, but I couldnt afford the time.But for your kindness, I _ (die) of hunger.Without the warmth and light of the sun, the earths vegetation_( die) almost immediately.He was ill before th

8、e examination, otherwise he _(get ) the first place in his class . （二）Wish 的虚拟语气主语+wish+宾语从句,表示不可能实现的愿望1.与现在的事实相反的愿望，wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用_I wish you were a little taller.2.与过去的事实相反的愿望，wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用 _I wish I had never met him.3.与将来的事实相反的愿望，wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用_I wish I could fly back home!（三）.虚拟语气在名词性

9、从句中的运用 在下列动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”(should do / be / be done )，should可省略。这类动词有：(一坚持) insist；(二命令)，order ，command；(三建议)suggest，advise，propose , （recommend ）；(四要求)。 request，require , demand，desire .The policeman demanded the thief (should) tell his name and address。The captain insisted that the wou

10、nded soldier (should) be sent to hospital at once.Doctors strongly recommend that fathers (should) be present at their babys birth。.It is +名词+that句型。(同位语从句）常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order， command, 等。It is a suggestion that fathers (should)

11、 be present at their babys birth.I made a suggestion that we _ (hold) a meeting the next afternoon. It is+动词的过去分词+ that句型。(主语从句)常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。在以上三种句型中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。例如：Its suggested that the school (should) organize an outing w

12、hen spring comes。It is required that middle-schools students (should) take at least one-hour exercise every day。(四). It is time + that 从句的虚拟形式。常用过去时。如下： 句 型谓语动词的虚拟形式It is (high/about) time that +did /were 或should do( should 不能省）It is high time that we actions to keep peace.(take)(五). as if /though 引

13、导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式变化如下：1)当从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词，在发生的时间上是同时的，从句中谓语动词的形式用_ 或 _.It looks as if it were going to rain .2)当从句中的动词先于主句的动词发生，从句的谓语动词用_.They talked as if they had been good friends for ages.3) 当从句中的动词后于主句的动词发生，从句的谓语动词用 would + 动词原形He talks as if he would go abroad right now.Even if / though s

14、he were here , she could not solve the problem . (与if从句的主从句的时态一致）(六).would rather 后接从句时，谓语动词变化如下：1)叙述现在或将来的事情，从句谓语动词用 / .I would rather it _ (rain) now. Who would you rather_ (go) with you? 2)叙述过去的事情，表达一种实际上并没发生的愿望时，从句谓语动词用 _. I would rather I _(pass) the examination last week.(七)If only条件句。（时态同if 从

15、句）If only I had been more careful!1.If it _ for the heavy rain,we _ the Songshan Mountains yesterday. A.were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C.had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2.But for electricity, human life _ so easy today. A.isnt B.will not be C.would

16、 not have been D.would not be 3.I told Sally Mr Browns address, but perhaps I _for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A .If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it no

17、t been D. If they not5.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautifulGarden! A.has B.had C.will have D.had had6.The teacher demanded that our homework _before eleven. A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished7.I was ill that day,otherwise I _the football match. A.would have taken part in B.took part in C.had taken part in D.would take part in8.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have9.The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody _the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.wo